Effect of Feeding Honey Bees on Colony Dynamics

Abstract

Nutrition, qualities and quantities of the nutrient contents are very important for the vital activities of organisms. As a result of malnutrition, stress increases, both reproductive ability and resistance to diseases decrease in organisms. Additional feeding is necessary for the honeybees in order to perform their life activities, increase their colony performance and carry out the apiculture activity when natural nutritional elements decrease because of biotic and abiotic factors. Malnutrition can cause colony losses. It is predicted that many diseases in honey bees are caused by wrong or incomplete nutrition. Colony life; countinuity of health, productivity and pollunations can be ensured by the simultaneous suffiency of nutrients in the natural habitat with the colony population dynamics and colony physiology and addtional feeding as needed. Although sugar is the main element for honey bees feeding, the most important nutrient for the honey bees is protein. The protein requirement of the honeybee is provided from high quality fresh pollen. In recent years, many commercial cakes are sold to provide the protein requirements of the colonies. These commercial cakes are not an alternative to pollen,because of the inadequate protein level and containing chemical additives. There are many studies on the effects of feeding on honey bees. In this review, the studies on the feeding of honey bees are evaluated and clues are given for sustainable and successful beekeeping activities

Keywords

• Honey bees,feeding,pollen,sugar,cake,protein,carbohydrate

Bal Arılarında Beslemenin Koloni Dinamiği Üzerine Etkileri

Abstract

Beslenmede besin maddelerinin kalite ve miktarları; organizmaların yaşamsal faaliyetleri için çok önemlidir. Yetersiz ve dengesiz beslenme sonucunda organizmalarda stres artar, üreme yeteneklerinde düşme ve hastalıklara karşı dirençte azalma gerçekleşir. Bal arılarının da yaşam fonksiyonlarını gerçekleştirebilmeleri, koloni performansının artırmaları ve arıcılık faaliyetinin amacına uygun olarak yapılabilmesi için biyotik ve abiyotik nedenlerle doğal besin maddelerinin temininde karşılaşılan olumsuzluklarda ek besleme kaçınılmazdır. Yetersiz beslenme; kolonilerin sönmesine neden olabilmektedir. Bal arılarında görülen birçok hastalığın, yanlış ya da eksik beslenmeden kaynaklandığı ön görülmektedir. Koloni yaşamı; sağlık, üretkenlik ve hizmetlerin (tozlaşma) sürekliliği, doğal habitattaki besin maddelerinin koloni popülasyon dinamiği ve koloni fizyolojisi ile eşzamanlı yeterliliği ve ihtiyaç halinde yapılacak ek besleme ile sağlanabilir. Bal arılarının beslenmesinde ilk akla gelen “şeker” beslemesi olsa da, bal arıları için asıl önemli olan temel besin maddesi proteindir. Arının protein gereksinimi kaliteli taze polenden karşılanmaktadır. Son yıllarda sektöre sunulan birçok hazır kek kolonilerin protein ihtiyacını karşılamak amacıyla satılmaktadır. Bu keklerin içeriğinde yeterli miktarda protein içermemesi veya katkı maddeleri ihtiva etmeleri nedeniyle, doğal polenin alternatifi olamamaktadır. Kolonilerin farklı besin madde gruplarıyla beslenmesinin arılar üzerinde etkilerini ve uygulama sırasında dikkat edilmesi gereken hususları içeren birçok araştırma bulunmaktadır. Bu derlemede, bal arılarının beslenmesi ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalar değerlendirilerek, sürdürülebilir ve başarılı arıcılık için ipuçları sunulmaya çalışılmıştır.

Keywords

• Bal arıları,beslenme,polen,şeker,kek,protein,karbonhidrat

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