Evaluation of the Effects of Different Ultrasonic and Under Ultrasonic Limits Sound Frequencies on the Larvae of Culex pipiens (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae)

Abstract

Known as vector arthropods, mosquitoes transmit several types of diseases to human. Applied vector programmes worldwide against mosquitoes have different agents such as microorganisms, chemicals, natural enemies, physical barriers, etc. We aimed to determine the effects of varying sound frequencies above and below ultrasonic level (10.8 kHz, 20.0 kHz and 24.5 kHz), on Culex pipiens larvae with three replicates. In total, 720 mosquito larvae located in modified container with produced three different level sound frequencies piezo transducers were used in our experiment lasting eight hours. Also, the same number of larvae were used as control groups. Second instar larvae were detected more sensitive to used frequencies level. Also, in terms of larval mortality, the most effective sound frequency was 10.8 kHz in which 129 larvae died. It was concluded that the mortal effect was not related to the change in the frequency of sound; and this effect was related to acoustic resonance of the larvae used in the study.

Keywords

• Mosquitoes,Culex pipiens,Sound Frequencies,Ultrasonic,Acoustic Resonance

Ultrasonik ve Ultrasonik Sınır Altındaki Farklı Ses Frekanslarının Culex pipiens (L.)’in (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvaları Üzerine Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Vektör eklembacaklılar olarak bilinen sivrisinekler, insanlığa çeşitli hastalıkları bulaştırırlar. Dünya çapında, sivrisineklere karşı uygulanan mücadele programları, mikroorganizmaları, kimyasalları, doğal düşmanlarını, bazı fiziksel bariyerler gibi farklı ajanlardan oluşmaktadır. Çalışmamızda, ultrasonik ses seviyenin üstündeki ve altındaki değişen ses frekanslarının Culex pipiens larvalarına olan etkilerini belirlemeye çalıştık. Toplamda sekiz saat süren deneylerimizde, 3 farklı düzeyde (10.8 kHz, 20.0 kHz ve 24.5 kHz), 3 tekrarda, ses frekansı üreten piezo transdüktörlü modifiye kaplarda bulunan 720 adet sivrisinek larvası kullanılmıştır. Kontrol grubu olarak da aynı sayıda larva kullanılmıştır. Culex pipiens’in ikinci evre larvalarının, kullanılan frekans seviyelerine daha duyarlı olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca larva mortalite açısından en etkili ses frekansı, 129 ölü larvanın gözlemlendiği, 10.8 kHz olarak tespit edilmiştir. Kullanılan üç ayrı frekans için larvalar üzerinde gözlemlenen mortal etkinin, değişen düzeylerde uygulanan ses frekansları ile doğrudan ilişkili olmadığı, larvaların her birinin akustik rezonans sınırları ile ilgili olduğu tarafımızca tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

• Sivrisinek,Culex pipiens,Ses Frekansı,Ultrasonik,Akustik Rezonans

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