Determination of the Effect of Grain Size Distribution on the Internal Friction Angle in Dry Sands by Direct Shear Test

Abstract

One of the most common experiments to determine the internal friction angle and cohesion values in the laboratory is the direct shear test. For this study, the changes of strength parameters of completely dry soils in different relative densities and normal stresses were investigated. The direct shear test was performed under five different normal stresses and constant sample volumes. The comparison with the assumption that the cohesion of the sand is zero was made only based on the internal friction angle. The obtained shear strength angle values and the relative density and normal stress relationship were examined by considering the soil grain size distribution. The relative density in which the samples were tested showed an increase in the maximum and residual shear stress as well as the increase in normal stress, including the increase in physical properties such as the internal friction angle. In addition, the results showed how the grain size distribution of the soil affects the internal angle of friction.

Keywords

• Shear strength
• direct shear test
• internal friction angle
• grain size distribution

Kuru Kumlarda Dane Çapı Dağılımının İçsel Sürtünme Açısına Etkisinin Kesme Kutusu Deneyleri ile Belirlenmesi

Abstract

Laboratuvardaki içsel sürtünme açısını ve kohezyon değerlerini belirlemek için yapılan en yaygın deneylerden biri direk kesme testidir. Bu çalışma için, tamamen kuru zeminlerin dayanım parametrelerinin, farklı rölatif sıkılıklar ve normal gerilmelerdeki değişimleri incelenmiştir. Deneysel çalışma direk kesme testi, beş farklı normal gerilme ve sabit numune hacmi altında yapılmıştır. Kumun kohezyonunun sıfır olduğu varsayımı ile karşılaştırma yalnızca içsel sürtünme açısına bağlı olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen kayma mukavemeti açısı değerleri ile rölatif sıkılık ve normal gerilme ilişkisi, zemin tane çapı değişimi parametresi de göz önünde bulundurularak incelenmiştir. Numunelerin test edildiği rölatif sıkılıklarda, içsel sürtünme açısı gibi fiziksel özelliklerin artışını içeren normal gerilmedeki artışla birlikte maksimum ve artık kayma gerilmesinde de bir artış olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca elde edilen sonuçlar, zeminin dane çapı dağılımının içsel sürtünme açısını nasıl etkilediğini göstermiştir.

Keywords

• Kayma dayanımı
• kesme kutusu deneyi
• içsel sürtünme açısı
• dane çapı dağılımı

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