An Application of Polydopamine-dip Coating as a Gentle Surface Modification Process for Cryogel Disks

Abstract

The process called “polydopamine-dip coating” was successfully applied to modify the surface of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), PHEMA, cryogel disks for the first time. This facile surface modification process fitted very well to the chemistry of cryogels since the integrity of the cryogel disks was maintained during the whole process. Polydopamine (PDA) nanocoating process was observed to be homogeneously performed through the pores and there was a net color change from white to brown after 24 h. The obtained (brownish) material (PHEMA-PDA) was characterized with respect to FTIR spectroscopy, pHpzc, and water-holding capacity analyses. The potential of this new material was studied by utilizing it as an adsorbent for the adsorption of Ni(II) from synthetic aqueous solutions. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed on the basis of the Langmuir, the Freundlich, and the Temkin isotherm models. In general, Ni(II) adsorption on PHEMA-PDA was evaluated as a favorable process as depicted from the studied models. The proposed approach was found to be a promising post-surface modification process for tailoring the surface of monolithic cryogels without any difficult synthesis steps and harsh chemicals.

Keywords

• Adsorption
• cryogel
• heavy metal
• nanocoating
• nickel
• polydopamine

References

1. Ahmaruzzaman M, Sharma DK, 2005. Adsorption of phenols from wastewater. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 287(1): 14–24.
2. An Y, Zheng H, Yu Z, Sun Y, Wang Y, et al., 2020. Functioned hollow glass microsphere as a self-floating adsorbent: Rapid and high-efficient removal of anionic dye. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 381: 120971.
3. Araújo CST, Almeida ILS, Rezende HC, Marcionilio SMLO, Léon JJL, de Matos TN, 2018. Elucidation of mechanism involved in adsorption of Pb(II) onto lobeira fruit ( Solanum lycocarpum ) using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms. Microchemical Journal. 137: 348–54.
4. Ayar A, Gürsal S, Gürten AA, Gezici O, 2008. On the removal of some phenolic compounds from aqueous solutions by using a sporopollenin-based ligand-exchange fixed bed - Isotherm analysis. Desalination. 219(1–3): 160–70.
5. Beyazova G, Gezici O, 2018. Dye Adsorption on Polydopamine-coated Monolithic Cryogel Disks. International Marmara Science and Social Sciences Congress, pp. 518–21
6. Bişgin AT, 2019. Surfactant-Assisted Emulsification and Surfactant-Based Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Method for Determination of Cu(II) in Food and Water Samples by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Journal of AOAC International. 102(5): 1516–22.
7. Chen B, Cao Y, Zhao H, Long F, Feng X, et al., 2020. A novel Fe3+-stabilized magnetic polydopamine composite for enhanced selective adsorption and separation of Methylene blue from complex wastewater. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 392: 122263.
8. Chen L, Zeng R, Xiang L, Luo Z, Wang Y, 2012. Polydopamine-graft-PEG antifouling coating for quantitative analysis of food proteins by CE. Analytical Methods. 4(9): 2852–59.

9. Chen Y, Chen Z, 2017. COF-1-modified magnetic nanoparticles for highly selective and efficient solid-phase microextraction of paclitaxel. Talanta. 165: 188–93.
10. Dong Z, Gong H, Gao M, Zhu W, Sun X, et al., 2016. Polydopamine Nanoparticles as a Versatile Molecular Loading Platform to Enable Imaging-guided Cancer Combination Therapy. Theranostics. 6(7): 1031–42.
11. Dreyer DR, Miller DJ, Freeman BD, Paul DR, Bielawski CW, 2012. Elucidating the structure of poly(dopamine). Langmuir. 28(15): 6428–35.
12. Fang M, Zhang H, Chen J, Wang T, Liu J, et al., 2016. A facile approach to construct hierarchical dense membranes via polydopamine for enhanced popylene/nitrogen separation. Journal of Membrane Science. 499: 290–300.
13. Foo KY, Hameed BH, 2010. Insights into the modeling of adsorption isotherm systems. Chemical Engineering Journal. 156(1): 2–10.
14. Freundlich HMF, 1906. Über die Adsorption in Lösungen. Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie. 57: 385–470.
15. Gezici O, Ayar A, 2009. Stepwise frontal analysis to derive equilibrium sorption data for copper and aniline on functionalized sporopollenin. Clean - Soil, Air, Water. 37(4–5): 349–54.
16. Gezici O, Bayrakci M, 2015. Calixarene-engineered surfaces and separation science. Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Macrocyclic Chemistry. 83(1–2): 1–18.
17. Gezici O, Kara H, Ayar A, Topkafa M, 2007. Sorption behavior of Cu(II) ions on insolubilized humic acid under acidic conditions: An application of Scatchard plot analysis in evaluating the pH dependence of specific and nonspecific bindings. Separation and Purification Technology. 55(1): 132–39.
18. Gezici O, Küçükosmanoǧlu M, Ayar A, 2006. The adsorption behavior of crystal violet in functionalized sporopollenin-mediated column arrangements. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 304(2): 307–16.
19. Guiochon G, Shirazi SG, Katti AM, 1994. Fundamentals of Preparative and Nonlinear Chromatography. Boston, MA: Academic Press.
20. Guven I, Gezici O, Bayrakci M, Morbidelli M, 2018. Calixarene-immobilized monolithic cryogels for preparative protein chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A. 1558: 59–68.
21. He K, Zeng G, Chen A, Huang Z, Peng M, et al., 2019. Graphene hybridized polydopamine-kaolin composite as effective adsorbent for methylene blue removal. Composites Part B: Engineering. 161: 141–49.
22. Jinhao GAO, Hongwei GU, Bing XU, 2009. Multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles: design, synthesis, and biomedical applications. Accounts of Chemical Research. 42(8): 1097–1107.
23. Langmuir I, 1916. The constitution and fundamental properties of solids and liquids. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 38: 2221–95.
24. Lee H, Dellatore SM, Miller WM, Messersmith PB, 2007. Mussel-Inspired Surface Chemistry for Multifunctional Coatings. Science. 318(5849): 426–30.
25. Lee H, Rho J, Messersmith PB, 2009. Facile conjugation of biomolecu les onto surfaces via mussel adhesive protein inspired coatings. Advanced Materials. 21(4): 431–34.
26. Li B, Liu W, Jiang Z, Dong X, Wang B, Zhong Y, 2009. Ultrathin and stable active layer of dense composite membrane enabled by poly(dopamine). Langmuir. 25(13): 7368–74.
27. Li XL, Zhu LP, Jiang JH, Yi Z, Zhu BK, Xu YY, 2012. Hydrophilic nanofiltration membranes with self-polymerized and strongly-adhered polydopamine as separating layer. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science (English Edition). 30(2): 152–63.
28. Liang RP, Wang XN, Liu CM, Meng XY, Qiu JD, 2014. Facile preparation of protein stationary phase based on polydopamine/graphene oxide platform for chip-based open tubular capillary electrochromatography enantioseparation. Journal of Chromatography A. 1323: 135–42.
29. Mu C, Zhang L, Zhang X, Zhong L, Li Y, 2020. Selective adsorption of Ag (Ⅰ) from aqueous solutions using Chitosan/polydopamine@C@magnetic fly ash adsorbent beads. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 381: 120943.
30. Noh JS, Schwarz JA, 1989. Estimation of the point of zero charge of simple oxides by mass titration. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 130(1): 157–64.
31. Özkan AE, Guven I, Gezici O, 2018. Protein ion-exchange chromatography on a biomacromolecule-immobilized monolithic cryogel. Turkish Journal of Chemistry. 42(2): 355–70.
32. Pan X, Zuo G, Su T, Cheng S, Gu Y, et al., 2019. Polycarboxylic magnetic polydopamine sub-microspheres for effective adsorption of malachite green. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 560: 106–13.
33. Perçin I, Khalaf R, Brand B, Morbidelli M, Gezici O, 2015. Strong cation-exchange chromatography of proteins on a sulfoalkylated monolithic cryogel. Journal of Chromatography A. 1386: 13–21.
34. Pourfaraj R, Fatemi SJ, Kazemi SY, Biparva P, 2017. Synthesis of hexagonal mesoporous MgAl LDH nanoplatelets adsorbent for the effective adsorption of Brilliant Yellow. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 508: 65–74.
35. Reymond J., Kolenda F, 1999. Estimation of the point of zero charge of simple and mixed oxides by mass titration. Powder Technology. 103(1): 30–36.
36. Scatchard G, 1949. The Attractions of Proteins for Small Molecules and Ions. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 51(4): 660–72.
37. Schwarz J., Driscoll C., Bhanot A., 1984. The zero point of charge of silica—alumina oxide suspensions. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 97(1): 55–61.
38. Sun Z, Zhao L, Liu C, Zhen Y, Ma J, 2020. Fast adsorption of BPA with high capacity based on π-π electron donor-acceptor and hydrophobicity mechanism using an in-situ sp2 C dominant N-doped carbon. Chemical Engineering Journal. 381: 122510.
39. Tang J, Song Y, Zhao F, Spinney S, da Silva Bernardes J, Tam KC, 2019. Compressible cellulose nanofibril (CNF) based aerogels produced via a bio-inspired strategy for heavy metal ion and dye removal. Carbohydrate Polymers. 208: 404–12.
40. Tempkin MJ, Pyzhev V, 1940. Recent modification to Langmuir isotherms. Acta Physiochem. USSR. 12: 217–25.
41. Waite JH, 2008. Mussel power. Nature Materials. 7(1): 8–9.
42. Wang H, Wang Z, Yue R, Gao F, Ren R, et al., 2020. Rapid preparation of adsorbent based on mussel inspired chemistry and simultaneous removal of heavy metal ions in water. Chemical Engineering Journal. 383: 123107.
43. Wang Y, Ma X, Ding C, Jia L, 2015. pH-responsive deoxyribonucleic acid capture/release by polydopamine functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. Analytica chimica acta. 862: 33–40.
44. Wang Y, Wang S, Niu H, Ma Y, Zeng T, et al., 2013. Preparation of polydopamine coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles and their application for enrichment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from environmental water samples. Journal of Chromatography A. 1283: 20–26.
45. Wu M, Yuan J, Wu H, Su Y, Yang H, et al., 2019. Ultrathin nanofiltration membrane with polydopamine-covalent organic framework interlayer for enhanced permeability and structural stability. Journal of Membrane Science. 576: 131–41.
46. Xiao X, Wang W, Chen J, Jia L, 2015. Polydopamine-coated open tubular column for the separation of proteins by capillary electrochromatography. Journal of Separation Science. 38(16): 2893–99.
47. Yin Y, Yan L, Zhang Z, Wang J, 2015. Magnetic molecularly imprinted polydopamine nanolayer on multiwalled carbon nanotubes surface for protein capture. Talanta. 144: 671–79.
48. Yu Y, Shapter JG, Popelka-Filcoff R, Bennett JW, Ellis A V., 2014. Copper removal using bio-inspired polydopamine coated natural zeolites. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 273: 174–82.
49. Zeng R, Luo Z, Zhou D, Cao F, Wang Y, 2010. A novel PEG coating immobilized onto capillary through polydopamine coating for separation of proteins in CE. Electrophoresis. 31(19): 3334–41.
50. Zhan W, Gao L, Fu X, Siyal SH, Sui G, Yang X, 2019. Green synthesis of amino-functionalized carbon nanotube-graphene hybrid aerogels for high performance heavy metal ions removal. Applied Surface Science. 467–468: 1122–33.
51. Zhang H, Yang F-Q, 2019. Applications of polydopamine modifications in capillary electrophoretic analysis. Journal of Separation Science. 42(1): 342–59.