Programmed Cell Death in Plants

Abstract

Organisms are born, grow, reproduce and die throughout their basic life cycle. Homeostasis (maintenance of internal balance) in multicellular organisms in these process is achieved by maintaining the balance between cell proliferation and programmed cell death. Controlled disintegration of aged, completed, or damaged tissues by organism due to various reasons such as the formation of tracheal elements, leaf senescence or resistance to stress factors is realized with the help of programmed cell death (PCD). This process controlled by a variety of environmental factors is also directed by molecularly. Programmed cell death types identified in animals are explained in detail. As well as the types of programmed cell death in plants have not been completely clarified, it has recently collected under two main topics as developmentally related programmed cell death (dPCD) and environmentally induced cell death (ePCD). In this review, the types of programmed cell death in plants are described and explained with their examples.

Keywords

• Plant
• programmed cell death
• PCD
• homeostasis

Bitkilerde Programlı Hücre Ölümü

Abstract

Canlılar; temel yaşam döngüleri boyunca doğar, büyür, çoğalır ve ölürler. Çok hücreli organizmalarda bu süreç içerisinde homeostazi (iç dengenin korunması); hücre çoğalması ve programlı hücre ölümü arasındaki dengenin devamlılığı ile sağlanmaktadır. Trakeal elementlerin oluşumu, yaprak senesensi ya da stres faktörlerine dayanıklılık gibi çeşitli nedenlerden dolayı yaşlanmış, görevini tamamlamış ya da hasar görmüş dokuların organizma tarafından kontrollü olarak parçalanması “programlı hücre ölümü (PCD)” yardımı ile gerçekleşmektedir. Çeşitli çevresel etmenler tarafından kontrol edilen bu süreç, aynı zamanda moleküler olarak da yönlendirilmektedir. Hayvanlarda belirlenen programlı hücre ölümü tipleri oldukça detaylı açıklanmıştır. Bitkilerde görülen programlı hücre ölümü tipleri ise tam olarak aydınlatılamamış olmakla birlikte; son zamanlarda gelişimsel olarak düzenlenmiş hücre ölümü (dPCD) ve çevre tarafından indüklenmiş hücre ölümü (ePCD) olarak iki ana başlık altında toplanmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen bu derlemede bitkilerde görülen programlı hücre ölümü tipleri tanımlanarak örnekleriyle birlikte açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.

Keywords

• Bitki
• programlı hücre ölümü
• PCD
• homeostazi

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