Labellum Micromorphology in Some Ophrys Taxa

Abstract

In the study, the micromorphology of labellum in samples belonging to 10 different Ophrys taxa was examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) method and the results were presented in comparative tables. While the samples were collected from the field, they were taken to 70% alcohol, some of them were dried according to the herbarium rules and identified. The labellum samples extracted from alcohol were dissected under the stereomicroscope with scalpel and needles and placed directly into the iron apparatus of the SEM device with double-sided adhesive tapes. These samples, whose alcohol was completely evaporated by waiting for one night, were examined directly with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and labellum microphotographs were taken. According to our findings, it was determined that the speculum structures are very different from each other, and the shape and distribution of the hair / papilla in the basal, median and lateral regions differ from species to species.It was also determined that the apex region differs in O. fusca, O. lutea, O. speculum, O. mammosa, O. pseudomammosa, O. heldreichii, O. umbilicata, and O. holoserica species. In summary; It was concluded that the labellum speculum and apex structure of the 1st degree and the basal, median and lateral region surface characteristics of the 2nd degree differ widely between the species.

Keywords

• Orchidaceae
• Ophrys
• flower
• labellum
• morphology
• petal

Project Number

TÜBAP 2020/94

Bazı Ophrys Taksonlarında Labellum Mikromorfolojisi

Abstract

Çalışmada 10 değişik Ophrys taksonuna ait örneklerde labellum mikromorfolojisi Taramalı Elektron mikroskobu (SEM) yöntemi ile incelenmiş ve sonuçlar karşılaştırmalı tablolar halinde sunulmuştur. Örnekler, araziden toplandığı sırada %70 alkole alınmış, bir kısmı da herbaryum kurallarına göre kurutularak teşhisleri yapılmıştır. Alkolden çıkarılan labellum örnekleri, bisturi ve iğnelerle stereomikroskop altında dissekte edilerek doğrudan _üzeri çift taraflı yapışkan bantlar bulunan_ ve SEM cihazına ait çelik aparatlara yerleştirilmiştir. Bir gece kadar bekletilerek alkolü tamamıyla uçurulan bu örnekler, doğrudan Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM) ile incelenmiş ve labellum mikrofotoğrafları çekilmiştir. Bulgularımıza göre spekulum yapılarının birbirinden çok farklı olduğu, bazal, medyan, lateral bölgelerde tüy / papilla şekli ve dağılımının türden türe farklılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca apeks bölgesinin O. fusca, O. lutea var. minor, O. speculum, O. mammosa, O. pseudomammosa, O. heldreichii, O. umbilicata, O. holoserica türlerinde de farklılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Özetle; 1. derecede labellum spekulum ve apeks yapısının, 2. derecede de bazal, medyan ve lateral bölge yüzey karakterlerinin türler arasında çok farklılık gösterdiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Keywords

• Orchidaceae
• Ophrys
• çiçek
• labellum
• morfoloji
• petal

Supporting Institution

Trakya Üniversitesi

Project Number

TÜBAP 2020/94

Thanks

Bu çalışma, Trakya Üniversitesi TÜBAP 2020 /94 kodlu proje ile desteklenmiştir

References

1. Ascensao L, A Francisco, H Cotrim and MS Pais, 2005. Comparative structure of the labellum in Ophrys fusca and O. lutea (Orchidaceae). American Journal of Botany 92(7): 1059-1067.
2. Bell AK, DL Roberts, JA Hawkins, PJ Rudall, MS Box and RM Bateman, 2009. Comparative micromorphology of nectariferous and nectarless labellar spurs in selected clades of subtribe Orchidinae (Orchidaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 160: 369-387.
3. Box MS, Bateman RM, Glover BJ, Rudall PJ, 2008. Floral ontogenetic evidence of repeated speciation via paedomorphosis in subtribe Orchidinae (Orchidaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 157: 429-454.
4. Bradshaw E, Paula J Rudall, DS Devey, MM Thomas, BJ Glover and RM Bateman, 2010. Comparative labellum micromorphology of the sexually deceptive temperate orchid genus Ophrys: diverse epidermal cell types and multiple origins of structural colour. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 162: 504-540.
5. Davies KL and MP Turner, 2004. Morphology of floral papillae in Maxillaria Ruiz. & Pav. (Orchidaceae). Annals of Botany, 93: 75-86.
6. Delforge P, 2005. Guide des orchidees d’Europe, d’Afrique du Nord et du Proche Orient. Delachaux et Niestle, Paris.
7. Lumaga MRB, Pellegrino G, Bellusci F, Perrotta E, Perrotta I, Musacchio A, 2012. Comparative floral micromorphology in four sympatric species of Serapias (Orchidaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 169: 714-724.
8. Rossi W, Corrias B, Ardurino P, Cianchi R, Bullini L, 1992. Gene variation and gene flow in Orchis morio (Orchidaceae) from Italy. Plant Systamatic and Evolution, 179: 43-58.

9. Rudall PJ, Bateman RM, 2002. Roles of synorganization, zygomorphy and heterotopy in floral evolution: the gynostemium and labellum of orchids and other lilioid monocots. Biological Reviews, 77: 403-441.
10. Sezik E, 1984. Orkidelerimiz, Türkiye’nin Orkideleri. Sandoz Kültür Yayınları, no. 6, Istanbul.
11. Stpiczynska M, 2003. Nectar resorption in the spur of Platanthera chlorantha(Custer) Rchb. Orchidaceae: structural and microautoradiographic study. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 238: 119–126.
12. Süngü Şeker Ş, MK Akbulut, G Şenel, 2016. Labellum micromorphology of some orchid genera (Orchidaceae) distributed in the Black Sea region in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany, 40: 1-14.
13. TutinTG, Heywood VH, Burges NA, Moore DM, Valentine DH, Walters SM, Webb DA, 1968. Flora Europeae, Vol. 5, Alismataceae to Orchidaceae (Monocotyledones). Cambridge University Press, pp: 344-348, Cambridge.
14. Vignolini S, Davey MP, Bateman RM, Rudall PJ, Moyroud E, Tratt J, Malmgren S, Steiner U, Glover BJ, 2012. The mirror crack’d: both pigment and structure contribute to glossy blue appearance of the mirror orchid, Ophrys speculum. New Phytologist, 196: 1038-1047.