Biochar and Soil Physical Properties

Abstract

Biochar is a material with high carbon content produced as a result of thermochemical transformation processes of organic material. In addition to the industrial and environmental uses of biochar, it is used as a soil conditioner in problematic soils in the agricultural sector. In this study, the effects of biochar on some soil physical properties, moisture changes in soil and plants, and soil temperature were investigated. In detailed literature reviews, it was determined that biochar application has positive effects at the some of the soil physical properties such as; soil bulk density, porosity, hydraulic conductivity, aggregate stability, shear and tensile strength, moisture content of the plant and soil. In these studies, concluded that the effects of biochar on soil properties vary depending on the production technology of biochar and some physical properties of biochar. The factors such as pyrolysis temperature, raw material type, aggregate diameter used in the production phase have changed the effect levels of biochar on the soil. In addition, it was determined that most of the studies on the subject were carried out in a laboratory or greenhouse for a maximum of 2 years. Therefore, it was concluded that field experiments should be conducted that determine the long-term effects of biochar on the soil. It is also an important subject in researching the effectiveness of the methods to be used to mix biochar with soil.

Keywords

• Biochar
• soil properties
• soil conditioner
• thermochemical conversion

Biyokömür ve Toprak Fiziksel Özellikleri

Abstract

Biyokömür, organik materyalin termokimyasal dönüşüm süreçler sonucunda üretilen yüksek karbon içeriğine sahip bir materyaldir. Biyokömürün endüstriyel ve çevresel kullanım alanlarının yanı sıra tarım sektöründe sorunlu topraklarda toprak düzenleyici olarak da kullanılmaktadır. Bu araştırmada, biyokömürün toprağın bazı toprak fiziksel özellikleri ile toprak ve bitkideki nem değişimleri ve toprak sıcaklığına olan etkileri incelenmiştir. Detaylı literatür incelemelerinde toprağa uygulanan biyokömürün; toprak hacim ağırlığı, porozitesi, hidrolik iletkenliği, agregat stabilizesi ile bitki ve toprak nem içeriği üzerinde olumlu etkilerinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yapılan çalışmalarda biyokömürün toprak özelliklerine olan etkileri, biyokömürün üretim teknolojisi ve fiziksel özelliklerine bağlı olarak değiştiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Üretim aşamasında kullanılan; piroliz sıcaklığı, hammadde türü, agregat çapı gibi faktörler biyokömürün toprağa olan etki düzeylerini değiştirmiştir. Buna ilaveten, konu ile yapılan çalışmaların büyük bir bölümü laboratuvar ya da sera ortamında genelde 2 yıllık süreyle yürütüldüğü ve tarla koşullarında uzun vadede sürdürülen araştırma sayısının da oldukça sınırlı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu nedenle biyokömürün toprak üzerindeki etkilerini uzun vadede tespitine yönelik tarla denemelerinin yürütülmesinin gerekli olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu bağlamda yapılacak tarla denemelerinde biyokömürü toprağa karıştırmak amacıyla kullanılacak yöntemlerin etkinliğinin de araştırılması oldukça önemli bir konu olarak değerlendirilmiştir.

Keywords

• biyokömür
• toprak özelliği
• toprak düzenleyici
• termokimyasal dönüşüm

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