Research Article
Allelopathic Effects of Flower Extract of Oleander (Nerium oleander) on the Germination of Seed and Seedling Growth of Lolium multiflorum
Abstract
An experiment on the allelopathic effects of Nerium oleander on germination and growth of Italian
ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam) was conducted at the Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Faculty of
Agriculture, Department of Field Crops Laboratory during January 2017. The experiment was laid out in completely
randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Four concentrations of oleander flower extract i.e control, 10,
20 & 40 g L-1 were used in this experiment. The experiment was performed in climatic cabinet having 20 oC
temperature. The seeds were kept for 14 days and then different attributes were studied such as germination %,
seedling length, radicle length, plumule length, seedling fresh and dry weight and seed vigor index. All the studied
parameters were significantly affected by oleander flower extract concentrations. Results showed that maximum
germination %, seedling length, radicle length, plumule length, seedling fresh and dry weight and highest seed
vigor index was recorded in control treatment. While minimum values for all the above mentioned parameters were
observed at 40 g L-1 of extract concentration. It indicated that Nerium oleander flower extract suppress growth of
Italian ryegrass and thus can be used for the control of Italian ryegrass in the crops. However, all other factors need
to be studied for sustainability.
References
- Afridi R A, Khan M A, 2015. Comparative effect of water extract of Parthenium hysterophorus, Datura alba, Phragmites australis and Oryza sativa on weeds and wheat. Sains Malaysiana 44(5): 693-699.
- Alam S M, Ala S A, Azmi A R, Khan M A, Ansari R, 2001. Allelopathy and its Role in Agriculture. Journal of Biological Sciences, 5: 308-315.
- Algandaby M M, El-Darier S M, 2016. Management of the noxious weed; Medicago polymorpha L. via allelopathy of some medicinal plants from Taif region, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.02.013.
- An M, Pratley J E, Haig T, 1998. Allelopathy: From Concept to Reality. "Agronomy, growing a greener future? (Eds) by D L Michalk and J E Pratley. Proceedings of the 9th Australian Agronomy Conference, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, N S W.
- Ashrafi Z Y, Sadeghi S, Mashhadi H R, Hasan M A, 2008. Allelopathic effect of sun flower (Helianthus annus) on germination and growth of wild barley. J. of Agric. Technol. 4, 219-229.
- Chon S U, Choi S K, Jung S D, Jang H G, 2002. Effects of alfalfa leaf extracts and phenolic allelochemical on early seedling growth and root morphology of alfalfa and barnyard grass. Crop Prot., 5: 1077-1082.
- Dakshini K M M, Foy C L, 1999. Allelopathy: One component in a multifaceted approach to ecology. In: Inderjit, C L, Foy, K M M, Dakshini (eds.): Principles and Practices in Plant Ecology, Allelochemical Interactions, CRC Press, 3-14.
- Iskenderoglu S N, 1995. Investigations on the bioherbicide effects of plant extracts and the rest on the growth of weed species. University of Cukurova. Institute of Science and Technology. Master Thesis. 121 pp.
- Karaaltin S, Idikut L, Uslu O S, Erol A, 2004. Effect of Root, Stem, Leaf and Bud Extracts of Oleander (Nerium oleander) on The Germination of Seed and Seedling Growth of Bean and Wheat. KSU Journal of Science and Engineering 7 (1) - 2004, 111-115.
- Khan M A, Afridi R A, Hashim S, Khattak A M, Ahmad Z, Wahid F, Chauhan B S, 2016. Integrated effect of allelochemicals and herbicides on weed suppression and soil microbial activity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Crop Protec., 90: 34-39.
- Kumar A N, Divyashree N R, Kiran K, Pavithra G S, Rohini B, Sangeeta A, Sindhu S, 2011. Inhibitory Effects of Nerium oleander L. and Its Compounds, Rutin and Quercetin, on Parthenium hysterophorus L. Journal of Agricultural Science Vol. 3, No. 2.
- Macias F A, Galindo J, Molinillo J, 2004. Allelopathy: Chemistry and Mode of Action of Allelochemicals. CRC Press.
- Onen H, 2003. Bioherbicidal Effects of Some Plant Essential Oils. The Journal of Turkish Weed Science Volume 6/1, 39-47.
- Rice E L, 1974. Allelopathy. Academic Press Inc. Orlando F L.
- Steel R G D, and Torrie J H, 1980. Principles and procedures of statistics. A Biometrical Approach. 2nd edition. McGraw Hill Book Co. Inc. New York, USA.
- Terzi L, Kocacaliskan I, Benliglu O, Solak K, 2003. Effect of juglone on growth of cucumber seedlings with respect to physiological and anatomical parameters, Acta Physiol. Plant. 25, 353-356.
- TKIB, 1997. Sub-commission Report on Agricultural Structure and its Changes. In: Final Report of the 1st Agriculture Workshop, Ankara, 42-50.
- Uludag A, Uremis I, Arslan M, Gozcu D, 2005. Johnsongrass control using Brassicaceae crops. 4th MGPR Symposium. 21-24, Turkey, 123.
- Uludag A, Uremis I, Arslan M, Gozcu D, 2006. Allelopathy studies in weed science in Turkey a review. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection.
- Uygur N F, Iskenderoglu N S, 1997. Allelopathic and Bioherbicide Effects of Plant Extracts on Germination of Some Weed Species. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 21, 177-180.
- Waller G R, 2004. Introduction-reality and future of allelopathy. In: F A, Macias, J C G, Galindo, H M G, Molinilla, H G, Cutler (eds.): Allelopathy: chemistry and mode of action of allelochemicals, 1-12.
- Weston L A, 2005. History and Current Trends in the Use of Allelopathy for Weed Management. Cornell University Turfgrass Times, 13: 529-534.
Zakkum (Nerium oleander) Çiçek Ekstraktının Lolium multiflorum’un Tohum Çimlenmesi ve Fide Gelişimi Üzerine Allelopatik Etkileri
Abstract
Tek yıllık çimin (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) çimlenme ve gelişimi üzerine zakkum (Nerium oleander)
çiçeklerinin allelopatik etkisini belirlemek üzere yapılan bu çalışma, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi,
Ziraat Fakültesi, Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü Laboratuvarında 2017 Ocak ayında yürütülmüştür. Deneme tesadüf parselleri
deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Çalışmada 4 farklı zakkum çiçeği ekstraktı (kontrol, 10, 20
ve 40 g/lt) kullanılmıştır. Araştırma iklimlendirme kabininde 20 oC’de gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tohumlar 14 gün süre
ile çimlendirmeye tabi tutulmuş daha sonra; çimlenme oranı, fide uzunluğu, radikula uzunluğu, plumula uzunluğu,
fide yaş ve kuru ağırlığı ve vigor indeks gibi temel belirleyici çimlenme ve fide gelişimi unsurları ölçülmüştür.
İncelenen tüm özellikler farklı konsantrasyonlardaki zakkum çiçek ekstraktlarından önemli derecede etkilenmiştir.
En yüksek çimlenme oranı, fide uzunluğu, radikula uzunluğu, plumula uzunluğu, fide yaş ve kuru ağırlığı ve en
yüksek vigor indeks değerleri kontrol uygulamasında elde edilmiştir. Yine aynı özellikler için en düşük değerler
40 g/lt konsantrasyonunda elde edilmiştir. Zakkum çiçek ekstraktının tek yıllık çimin gelişimini baskı altına aldığı
buna bağlı olarak tarım alanlarında tek yıllık çimin kontrol altına alınmasında kullanılabileceği görülmektedir.
Ayrıca sürdürülebilirlik açısından bu alanda diğer tüm faktörlerle ilgili çalışmalar da yapılmalıdır.
References
- Afridi R A, Khan M A, 2015. Comparative effect of water extract of Parthenium hysterophorus, Datura alba, Phragmites australis and Oryza sativa on weeds and wheat. Sains Malaysiana 44(5): 693-699.
- Alam S M, Ala S A, Azmi A R, Khan M A, Ansari R, 2001. Allelopathy and its Role in Agriculture. Journal of Biological Sciences, 5: 308-315.
- Algandaby M M, El-Darier S M, 2016. Management of the noxious weed; Medicago polymorpha L. via allelopathy of some medicinal plants from Taif region, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.02.013.
- An M, Pratley J E, Haig T, 1998. Allelopathy: From Concept to Reality. "Agronomy, growing a greener future? (Eds) by D L Michalk and J E Pratley. Proceedings of the 9th Australian Agronomy Conference, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, N S W.
- Ashrafi Z Y, Sadeghi S, Mashhadi H R, Hasan M A, 2008. Allelopathic effect of sun flower (Helianthus annus) on germination and growth of wild barley. J. of Agric. Technol. 4, 219-229.
- Chon S U, Choi S K, Jung S D, Jang H G, 2002. Effects of alfalfa leaf extracts and phenolic allelochemical on early seedling growth and root morphology of alfalfa and barnyard grass. Crop Prot., 5: 1077-1082.
- Dakshini K M M, Foy C L, 1999. Allelopathy: One component in a multifaceted approach to ecology. In: Inderjit, C L, Foy, K M M, Dakshini (eds.): Principles and Practices in Plant Ecology, Allelochemical Interactions, CRC Press, 3-14.
- Iskenderoglu S N, 1995. Investigations on the bioherbicide effects of plant extracts and the rest on the growth of weed species. University of Cukurova. Institute of Science and Technology. Master Thesis. 121 pp.
- Karaaltin S, Idikut L, Uslu O S, Erol A, 2004. Effect of Root, Stem, Leaf and Bud Extracts of Oleander (Nerium oleander) on The Germination of Seed and Seedling Growth of Bean and Wheat. KSU Journal of Science and Engineering 7 (1) - 2004, 111-115.
- Khan M A, Afridi R A, Hashim S, Khattak A M, Ahmad Z, Wahid F, Chauhan B S, 2016. Integrated effect of allelochemicals and herbicides on weed suppression and soil microbial activity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Crop Protec., 90: 34-39.
- Kumar A N, Divyashree N R, Kiran K, Pavithra G S, Rohini B, Sangeeta A, Sindhu S, 2011. Inhibitory Effects of Nerium oleander L. and Its Compounds, Rutin and Quercetin, on Parthenium hysterophorus L. Journal of Agricultural Science Vol. 3, No. 2.
- Macias F A, Galindo J, Molinillo J, 2004. Allelopathy: Chemistry and Mode of Action of Allelochemicals. CRC Press.
- Onen H, 2003. Bioherbicidal Effects of Some Plant Essential Oils. The Journal of Turkish Weed Science Volume 6/1, 39-47.
- Rice E L, 1974. Allelopathy. Academic Press Inc. Orlando F L.
- Steel R G D, and Torrie J H, 1980. Principles and procedures of statistics. A Biometrical Approach. 2nd edition. McGraw Hill Book Co. Inc. New York, USA.
- Terzi L, Kocacaliskan I, Benliglu O, Solak K, 2003. Effect of juglone on growth of cucumber seedlings with respect to physiological and anatomical parameters, Acta Physiol. Plant. 25, 353-356.
- TKIB, 1997. Sub-commission Report on Agricultural Structure and its Changes. In: Final Report of the 1st Agriculture Workshop, Ankara, 42-50.
- Uludag A, Uremis I, Arslan M, Gozcu D, 2005. Johnsongrass control using Brassicaceae crops. 4th MGPR Symposium. 21-24, Turkey, 123.
- Uludag A, Uremis I, Arslan M, Gozcu D, 2006. Allelopathy studies in weed science in Turkey a review. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection.
- Uygur N F, Iskenderoglu N S, 1997. Allelopathic and Bioherbicide Effects of Plant Extracts on Germination of Some Weed Species. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 21, 177-180.
- Waller G R, 2004. Introduction-reality and future of allelopathy. In: F A, Macias, J C G, Galindo, H M G, Molinilla, H G, Cutler (eds.): Allelopathy: chemistry and mode of action of allelochemicals, 1-12.
- Weston L A, 2005. History and Current Trends in the Use of Allelopathy for Weed Management. Cornell University Turfgrass Times, 13: 529-534.
There are 22 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Agricultural Engineering |
| Journal Section | Tarla Bitkileri / Field Crops |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | March 31, 2018 |
| Submission Date | October 4, 2017 |
| Acceptance Date | November 14, 2017 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2018 Volume: 8 Issue: 1 |