Morphological and Anatomical Observations on Seeds of Some Iris L. Taxa from Turkey

Year 2019, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 674 - 680, 01.06.2019

Mehmet Cengiz Karaismailoğlu

https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.469670

Abstract

This study includes on the taxonomic evaluation of morphological and anatomical features of seeds belonging to Iris taxa, which are I. suaveolens, I. sintenisii, I. foetidissima and I. germanica scattered in Turkey. Morphological features like dimension, shape, colour, and surface ornamentation types of seeds have studied by light and scanning electron microscopes. The structure and thicknesses of testa and parenchyma layers in seeds have examined anatomically. The obtained results show that the color, shape, testa structure and thickness of the seeds of the examined taxa are different in some respects. Furthermore, the surface ornamentations are somewhat diverse for the studied taxa at the interspecific level. As a result, it has been determined that the examined morphological and anatomical characteristics of the seeds show variations with some exceptions, and this situation has a taxonomic importance.

Keywords

Anatomy, Morphology, SEM, Seed, Turkey

Thanks

The author thanks the professors in Istanbul University, Division of Botany for providing the facilities of some equipments.

Türkiye’den Bazı Iris L. Taksonlarının Tohumları Üzerinde Morfolojik ve Anatomik Gözlemler

Abstract

Bu çalışma Türkiye’de dağılım gösteren bazı Iris taksonlarına ait (I. suaveolens, I. sintenisii, I. foetidissima ve I. germanica) tohumların morfolojik ve anatomik özelliklerinin taksonomik değerlendirmesini içerir. Tohumların boyutu, şekli, rengi ve yüzey ornamentasyonları ışık ve taramalı elektron mikroskobu ile çalışılmıştır. Testa ve parankima tabakalarının yapı ve kalınlığı anatomik olarak incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, incelenen taksonlara ait tohumların renk, şekil, testa yapısı ve kalınlığına ait özelliklerin bazı açılardan farklı olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca, yüzey ornamentasyonları türler arası seviyede incelenilen taksonlar için kısmen farklıdır. Sonuç olarak, incelenen tohum morfolojik ve anatomik karakterlerinin bazı istisnalar ile varyasyonlar gösterdiği ve bu durumun taksonomik öneme sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Anatomi, Morfoloji, SEM, Tohum, Türkiye

References

• Artyushenko ZT, 1990. The atlas on the describing morphology of the vascular plants. Nauka Publ. house, Leningrad-Russia.
• Baser KHC, Demirci B, Orhan IE, Kartal M, Sekeroglu N, Sener B, 2011. Composition of Volatiles from Three Iris Species of Turkey. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 23 (4): 66-71.
• Barthlott W, 1981. Epidermal and seed surface characters of plants: Systematic applicability and some evolutionary aspects. Nordic Journal of Botany, 1: 345-355.
• Carta A, Moretti M, Nardi FD, Siljak-Yakovlev S, Peruzzi L, 2015. Seed morphology and genome size in two Tuscan Crocus (Iridaceae) endemics: C. etruscus and C. ilvensis. Caryologia, 68 (2): 97-100.
• Corner EJH, 1976. The seeds of Dicotyledons, Vol 1. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge-England.
• Davis PH, 1984. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 8. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
• Dönmez EO, Pınar NM, 2001. The Clypeate pollen grains of Turkish Iris L. (Iridaceae): Subgenus Scorpiris Sach. Turkish Journal of Botany, 25: 57-62.
• Caiola M, Leonardi D, Canini A, 2010. Seed structure in Crocus sativus L., C. cartwrightianus Herb., C. thomasii Ten., and C. hadriaticus Herb. at SEM. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 285: 111-120.
• Guo J, 2015. Comparative Micromorphology and Anatomy of Crested Sepals in Iris (Iridaceae). International Journal of Plant Science, 176 (7): 627-642.
• Harpke D, Peruzzi L, Kerndorff H, Karamplianis T, Constantinidis T, Ran đelović V, Ranđelović N, Juković M, Pasche E, Blattner FR, 2014. Phylogeny, geographic distribution and new taxonomic circumscription of the Crocus reticulatus species group (Iridaceae). Turkish Journal of Botany, 38: 1182-1198.
• Heywood WH, 1971. Scanning electron microscopy. Academic Press, London-England.
• Jaenicke L, Marner FJ, 1990. The irones and their origin. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 62: 1365-1368.
• Kandemir N, 2009. A morphology, anatomy and ecology of critically endangered endemic Crocus pestalozzae Boiss. (Iridaceae) in North-West Turkey. Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 38 (2): 127-132.
• Karaismailoğlu MC, 2015. Morphological and anatomical features of seeds of Turkish Romulea taxa (Iridaceae) and their taxonomic significance. Acta Botanica Croatica, 74: 31-41.
• Karamian R, Behjou AM, Ranjbar M, 2012. Anatomical findings of Onobrychis sect. Heliobrychis (Fabaceae) in Iran and their taxonomic implications. Turkish Journal of Botany, 36: 27-37.
• Kerndorff H, Pasche E, Harpke D, 2015. The Genus Crocus (Liliiflorae, Iridaceae): Life-cycle, Morphology, Phenotypic Characteristics, and Taxonomical Relevant Parameters. Stapfia, 103: 27-65.
• Kerndorff H, Pasche E, Harpke D, 2016. The Genus Crocus (Liliiflorae, Iridaceae): A Descriptive Seed Morphology. Part one: Macroscopic Traits and Phylogenetic Relevance. Stapfia, 105: 3-41.
• Mathew B, 1989. A taxonomic revision of Iris Subgenus Hermodactyloides (Iridaceae) in plant taxonomy, Phytogeography, and related subjects. Edinburg Univ. Press, Edinburg.
• Mitic B, Halbritter H, Sostaric R, Nikolic T, 2013. Pollen morphology of the genus Iris L. (Iridaceae) from Croatia and surrounding area: taxonomic and phylogenetic implications. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 299: 271-288.
• Pınar NM, Dönmez EO, 2000. Pollen morphology of Turkish Iris L. (Iridaceae) with reference to evolutionary trends at the infrageneric level. Israel Journal of Plant Sciences, 48: 129-141.
• Rudall P, 1991. Leaf anatomy and phylogeny of Ixioideae (Iridaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnaean Society, 106: 329-345.
• Stearn WT, 1985. Botanical Latin: history, grammar syntax, terminology and vocabulary. David & Charles, London-England.
• Sulaiman IM, 1995. Scanning electron microscopic studies seed coat patterns of five endangered Himalayan species of Meconopsis (Papaveraceae). Annals of Botany, 76: 323-376.
• Zhygalova S, Futorna OA, Levanets A, 2015. Micromorphological study (ultrastructure of lamina surface, seeds, ultrasculpture of pollen grains) of Gladiolus L. species (Iridaceae Juss.) of Ukrainian flora. Environmental and Socio-economic Studies, 2 (4): 21-27.