Impact of Chlorine Doping on the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells
Year 2019,
Volume: 9 Issue: 4, 2070 - 2078, 01.12.2019
Fatih Mehmet Coşkun
,
Şakir Aydoğan
Abstract
In this paper the effect of Cl doping on
optical, photovoltaic and morphological properties of mixed halide perovskite
(CH3NH3PbI3-xClx) structure in a
solar cell has been reported. The perovskite layer was spin-coated by employing
sequential deposition method over a PEDOT-PSS hole transport layer. Lastly, the
device was finished by coating Al via thermal evaporation. The addition of 10%
methylammonium chloride (MACl) by weight into the methylammonium iodide (MAI)
solution as additive was improved the photovoltaic performance of the solar
cell, since the Cl doping has positive effect on the growth of perovskite
crystals in the final film. Furthermore, addition of MACl enables the formation
of smoother films and thus reduces photocurrent leakage due to pinholes or
incomplete surface coverage. The Cl doping also increases reproducibility of
planar devices for consistent device results.
Supporting Institution
TUBITAK
Project Number
TUBITAK BIDEB 2211-C
Thanks
FMC acknowledges the support by TUBITAK BIDEB 2211-C program for funding of this work.
References
- Burschka J, Pellet N, Moon SJ, Humphry-Baker R, Gao P, Nazeeruddin MK, Gratzel M, 2013. Sequential deposition as a route to high-performance perovskite-sensitized solar cells. Nature, 499: 316-319.
- Chen Q, Zhou HP, Hong ZR, Luo S, Duan HS, Wang HH, Liu YS, Li G, Yang Y, 2014. Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells via Vapor-Assisted Solution Process. Journal of American Chemical Society, 136: 622-625.
- Colella S, Mosconi E, Fedeli P, Listorti A, Gazza F, Orlandi F, Ferro P, Besagni T, Rizzo A, Calestani G, Gigli G, De Angelis F, Mosca R, 2013. MAPbl(3-x)Cl-x Mixed Halide Perovskite for Hybrid Solar Cells: The Role of Chloride as Dopant on the Transport and Structural Properties. Chemistry of Materials, 25: 4613-4618.
- Dharani S, Dewi HA, Prabhakar RR, Baikie T, Shi C, Du Y, Mathews N, Boix PP, Mhaisalkar SG, 2014. Incorporation of Cl into sequentially deposited lead halide perovskite films for highly efficient mesoporous solar cells. Nanoscale, 6: 13854-13860.
- Dualeh A, Gao P, Seok SI, Nazeeruddin MK, Graetzel M, 2014. Thermal Behavior of Methylammonium Lead-Trihalide Perovskite Photovoltaic Light Harvesters. Chemistry of Materials, 26: 6160-6164.
- Elschner A, Kirchmeyer S, Lovenich W, Merker U, Reuter K, 2011. PEDOT: Principles and Applications of an Intrinsically Conductive Polymer. CRC, pp. 50-99, New York-USA.
- Gao P, Graetzel M, Nazeeruddin MK, 2014. Organohalide Lead Perovskites for Photovoltaic Applications. Energy & Enviromental Science, 7: 2448-2463.
- Hill IG and Kahn A, 1999. Organic Semiconductor Heterointerfaces Containing Bathocuproine. Journal of Applied Physics, 86:4515−4519.
- Jeon NJ, Noh JH, Kim YC, Yang WS, Ryu S, Seol SIl, 2014. Solvent engineering for high-performance inorganic-organic hybrid perovskite solar cells. Nature Materilas, 13: 897-903.
- Liu G and Wu Y, 2012. Bathocuproine. Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, John Wiley&Sons Publication.
- Momblona C, Malinkiewicz O, Roldan-Carmona C, Soriano A, Gil-Escrig L, Bandiello E, Scheepers M, Edri E, Bolink HJ, 2014. Efficient methylammonium lead iodide perovskite solar cells with active layers from 300 to 900 nm. APL Materials, 2: 081504.
- Noel NK, Abate A, Stranks SD, Parrott ES, Burlakov VM, Goriely A, Snaith HJ, 2014. Enhanced Photoluminescence and Solar Cell Performance via Lewis Base Passivation of Organic Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskites. ACS Nano, 8: 9815-9821.
- Peumans P, Bulovic V, Forrest SR, 2000. Efficient Photon Harvesting at High Optical Intensities in Ultrathin Organic Double-Heterostructure Photovoltaic Diodes. Applied Physics Letters, 76: 2650−2652.
- Tait JG, Worfolk BJ, Maloney SA, Hauger TC, Elias AL, Buriak JM, Harris KD, 2013. Spray coated high-conductivity PEDOT:PSS transparent electrodes forstretchable and mechanically-robust organic solar cells. Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, 110: 98-106.
- Tidhar Y, Edri E, Weissman, Zohar D, Hodes G, Cahen D, Rybtchinski B, Kirmayer S, 2014. Crystallization of Methyl Ammonium Lead Halide Perovskites: Implications for Photovoltaic Applications. Journal of American Chemical Society, 136: 13249-13256.
- Xiao Z, Bi C, Shao Y, Dong Q, Wang Q, Yuan Y, Wang C, Gao Y, Huang J, 2014. Efficient, high yield perovskite photovoltaic devices grown by interdiffusion of solution-processed precursor stacking layers. Energy & Enviromental Science, 7: 2619-2623.
- Xie FX, Zhang D, Su H, Ren X, Wong KS, Gratzel M, Choy WCH, 2015. Vacuum-Assisted Thermal Annealing of CH3NH3PbI3 for Highly Stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Nano, 9: 639-646.
- Yu H, Wang F, Xie F, Li W, Chen J, Zhao N, 2014. The Role of Chlorine in the Formation Process of "CH3NH3PbI3-xCl(x)" Perovskite. Advanced Functional Materials, 24: 7102-7108.
- Zhao Y and Zhu K, 2014. CH3NH3Cl-Assisted One-Step Solution Growth of CH(3)NH(3)Pbl(3): Structure, Charge-Carrier Dynamics, and Photovoltaic Properties of Perovskite Solar Cells. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 118: 9412-9418.
- Zhao Z, Wu Q, Xia F, Chen X, Liu Y, Zhang W, Zhu J, Dai S, Yang S, 2015. Improving the Conductivity of PEDOT: PSS Hole Transport Layer in Polymer Solar Cells via Copper (II) Bromide Salt Doping. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 7: 1439-1448.
- Zhou H, Chen Q, Li G, Luo S, Song Tb, Duan HS, Hong Z, You J, Liu Y, Yang Y, 2014. Interface engineering of highly efficient perovskite solar cells. Science, 345: 542-546.
- Zuo C, Ding L, 2014. An 80.11% FF record achieved for perovskite solar cells by using the NH4Cl additive, Nanoscale, 6: 9935-9938.
Impact of Chlorine Doping on the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells
Year 2019,
Volume: 9 Issue: 4, 2070 - 2078, 01.12.2019
Fatih Mehmet Coşkun
,
Şakir Aydoğan
Abstract
In this paper the effect of Cl doping on optical, photovoltaic and morphological properties of mixed halide perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3-xClx) structure in a solar cell has been reported. The perovskite layer was spin-coated by employing sequential deposition method over a PEDOT-PSS hole transport layer. Lastly, the device was finished by coating Al via thermal evaporation. The addition of 10% methylammonium chloride (MACl) by weight into the methylammonium iodide (MAI) solution as additive was improved the photovoltaic performance of the solar cell, since the Cl doping has positive effect on the growth of perovskite crystals in the final film. Furthermore, addition of MACl enables the formation of smoother films and thus reduces photocurrent leakage due to pinholes or incomplete surface coverage. The Cl doping also increases reproducibility of planar devices for consistent device results.
Project Number
TUBITAK BIDEB 2211-C
References
- Burschka J, Pellet N, Moon SJ, Humphry-Baker R, Gao P, Nazeeruddin MK, Gratzel M, 2013. Sequential deposition as a route to high-performance perovskite-sensitized solar cells. Nature, 499: 316-319.
- Chen Q, Zhou HP, Hong ZR, Luo S, Duan HS, Wang HH, Liu YS, Li G, Yang Y, 2014. Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells via Vapor-Assisted Solution Process. Journal of American Chemical Society, 136: 622-625.
- Colella S, Mosconi E, Fedeli P, Listorti A, Gazza F, Orlandi F, Ferro P, Besagni T, Rizzo A, Calestani G, Gigli G, De Angelis F, Mosca R, 2013. MAPbl(3-x)Cl-x Mixed Halide Perovskite for Hybrid Solar Cells: The Role of Chloride as Dopant on the Transport and Structural Properties. Chemistry of Materials, 25: 4613-4618.
- Dharani S, Dewi HA, Prabhakar RR, Baikie T, Shi C, Du Y, Mathews N, Boix PP, Mhaisalkar SG, 2014. Incorporation of Cl into sequentially deposited lead halide perovskite films for highly efficient mesoporous solar cells. Nanoscale, 6: 13854-13860.
- Dualeh A, Gao P, Seok SI, Nazeeruddin MK, Graetzel M, 2014. Thermal Behavior of Methylammonium Lead-Trihalide Perovskite Photovoltaic Light Harvesters. Chemistry of Materials, 26: 6160-6164.
- Elschner A, Kirchmeyer S, Lovenich W, Merker U, Reuter K, 2011. PEDOT: Principles and Applications of an Intrinsically Conductive Polymer. CRC, pp. 50-99, New York-USA.
- Gao P, Graetzel M, Nazeeruddin MK, 2014. Organohalide Lead Perovskites for Photovoltaic Applications. Energy & Enviromental Science, 7: 2448-2463.
- Hill IG and Kahn A, 1999. Organic Semiconductor Heterointerfaces Containing Bathocuproine. Journal of Applied Physics, 86:4515−4519.
- Jeon NJ, Noh JH, Kim YC, Yang WS, Ryu S, Seol SIl, 2014. Solvent engineering for high-performance inorganic-organic hybrid perovskite solar cells. Nature Materilas, 13: 897-903.
- Liu G and Wu Y, 2012. Bathocuproine. Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, John Wiley&Sons Publication.
- Momblona C, Malinkiewicz O, Roldan-Carmona C, Soriano A, Gil-Escrig L, Bandiello E, Scheepers M, Edri E, Bolink HJ, 2014. Efficient methylammonium lead iodide perovskite solar cells with active layers from 300 to 900 nm. APL Materials, 2: 081504.
- Noel NK, Abate A, Stranks SD, Parrott ES, Burlakov VM, Goriely A, Snaith HJ, 2014. Enhanced Photoluminescence and Solar Cell Performance via Lewis Base Passivation of Organic Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskites. ACS Nano, 8: 9815-9821.
- Peumans P, Bulovic V, Forrest SR, 2000. Efficient Photon Harvesting at High Optical Intensities in Ultrathin Organic Double-Heterostructure Photovoltaic Diodes. Applied Physics Letters, 76: 2650−2652.
- Tait JG, Worfolk BJ, Maloney SA, Hauger TC, Elias AL, Buriak JM, Harris KD, 2013. Spray coated high-conductivity PEDOT:PSS transparent electrodes forstretchable and mechanically-robust organic solar cells. Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, 110: 98-106.
- Tidhar Y, Edri E, Weissman, Zohar D, Hodes G, Cahen D, Rybtchinski B, Kirmayer S, 2014. Crystallization of Methyl Ammonium Lead Halide Perovskites: Implications for Photovoltaic Applications. Journal of American Chemical Society, 136: 13249-13256.
- Xiao Z, Bi C, Shao Y, Dong Q, Wang Q, Yuan Y, Wang C, Gao Y, Huang J, 2014. Efficient, high yield perovskite photovoltaic devices grown by interdiffusion of solution-processed precursor stacking layers. Energy & Enviromental Science, 7: 2619-2623.
- Xie FX, Zhang D, Su H, Ren X, Wong KS, Gratzel M, Choy WCH, 2015. Vacuum-Assisted Thermal Annealing of CH3NH3PbI3 for Highly Stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Nano, 9: 639-646.
- Yu H, Wang F, Xie F, Li W, Chen J, Zhao N, 2014. The Role of Chlorine in the Formation Process of "CH3NH3PbI3-xCl(x)" Perovskite. Advanced Functional Materials, 24: 7102-7108.
- Zhao Y and Zhu K, 2014. CH3NH3Cl-Assisted One-Step Solution Growth of CH(3)NH(3)Pbl(3): Structure, Charge-Carrier Dynamics, and Photovoltaic Properties of Perovskite Solar Cells. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 118: 9412-9418.
- Zhao Z, Wu Q, Xia F, Chen X, Liu Y, Zhang W, Zhu J, Dai S, Yang S, 2015. Improving the Conductivity of PEDOT: PSS Hole Transport Layer in Polymer Solar Cells via Copper (II) Bromide Salt Doping. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 7: 1439-1448.
- Zhou H, Chen Q, Li G, Luo S, Song Tb, Duan HS, Hong Z, You J, Liu Y, Yang Y, 2014. Interface engineering of highly efficient perovskite solar cells. Science, 345: 542-546.
- Zuo C, Ding L, 2014. An 80.11% FF record achieved for perovskite solar cells by using the NH4Cl additive, Nanoscale, 6: 9935-9938.