İki Ayaklı Yürüme Hareketinin Merkezi Örüntü Üreteci (CPG) İle Gerçekleştirilmesi
Year 2020,
Volume: 10 Issue: 4, 2438 - 2450, 15.12.2020
Cafer Bal
,
Gökçe Yıldırım
Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacı, insansı iki ayaklı yürüme hareketinin ve adaptif yürüme eğrisinin tasarımı için bir robot modelinin geliştirilmesidir. Bu doğrultuda, ortalama boyutlardaki bir insanın ölçüleri esas alınarak SolidWorks paket programı kullanılarak tasarlanan model simülasyon analizleri için MATLAB/SimMechanics ortamına aktarılmıştır. Kinematik analizler ve yörünge planlaması MATLAB/SimMechanics tasarımı aracılığı ile yapılmıştır. Sistemin ileri kinematik hesaplamalarında Denavit-Hartenberg yöntemi tercih edilmiştir. Ters kinematik analiz ile robot eklemlerine uygulanacak açılar hesaplanmıştır. Yürüme eğrisinin oluşturulmasında, yörünge noktaları verilerine uydurulan polinom fonksiyonları aracılığı ile Örüntünün Merkezi Üretimi (CPG) eğitilmiştir. Eğitilmiş CPG tarafından üretilen kalça ve diz eklem açıları tasarlanan robota uygulanarak yürüme eylemi gerçekleştirilmiştir.
References
- Acar M, 2007. İki ayaklı yürüme hareketinin modellenmesi ve kontrolü, İ.T.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi (Basılmış).
- Adak ÖK, 2013. Quadruped Locomotion Reference Synthesıs With Central Pattern Generators Tuned by Evolutionary Algorithms, Sabancı Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi (Basılmış).
- Altınorak S, 2006. İki ayak robot modellemesi denetleyici tasarımı ve dinamik benzetimi, İ.T.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi (Basılmış).
- Aykaç B, 2011. Dc motorla tahrik edilen iki uzuvlu manipülatörün adım atma hareketinin kontrolü, Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi (Basılmış).
- Azimi E, Ghobadi M, Esfahani E, Keshmiri M, Tehrani A, 2005. Three Dimensional Smooth Trajectory Planing Using Realistic Simulation, Robot Soccer World Cup. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 381-393.
- Chestnutt J, Michel P, Kuffner J, Kanade T, 2007. Locomotion Among Dynamic Obstacles for the Honda ASIMO, Proceedings of the IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems San Diego, CA, USA, Oct 29 - Nov 2, pp.2572-2573.
- Erbatur K, Seven U, Taşkıran E, Koca Ö, Kızıltaş G, Unel M, Sabanovic A, Onat A, 2008. SURALP-L - The Leg Module of a New Humanoid Robot Platform, 8th IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots December 1~3, Daejeon, Korea, pp.168-173.
- Ewald A, Buschmann T, 2013. Online Trajectory Replanning for Biped Robots Based on Foot Step Position Modification, The 2013 World Congress on Advances in Nano, Biomechanics, Robotics, and Energy Research, Korea, pp.155-163.
- Gerçek A, 2012. İki Ayaklı Yürüyen Robot Tasarımı Ve Prototip İmalatı, İ.T.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi (Basılmış).
- Hase K, Yamazaki N, 1999. Computational Evolution of Human Bipedal Walking by a Neuro-Musculo-Skeletal Model, Artificial Life and Robotics 3: 133–138.
- Jong HP, Yong KR, 1998. ZMP Trajectory Gen¬eration for Reduced Trunk Motions of Biped Robots. In Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International Confer¬ence on Intelligent Robots and Systems, pp.90-95.
- Kanatlı U. ve Yetkin, H, Songür M, Öztürk A, Bölükbaşı S, 2006. Yürüme analizinin ortopedik uygulamaları, TOTBİD Dergisi, 5: 53-59.
- Khan LA, Naeem J, Khan U, Hussaın SZ, 2008. PID Control of a Biped Robot, 8th WSEAS Int. Conf. on Robotıcs, Control and Manufacturıng Technology (ROCOM '08), Hangzhou, China, April 6-8, pp.156-160.
- Miyakoshi S, Taga G, Kuniyoshi Y, Nagakubo A, 1998. Three Dimensional Bipedal Stepping Motion Using Neural Oscillators- Towards Humanoid Motion in the Real World, Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE/RSJ Intl. Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems Victoria, B.C., Canada October 1998, pp.84-89.
- Nakanishi J, Morimoto J, Endo G, Cheng G, Schaal S, Kawato M, 2004. Learning from demonstration and adaptation of biped locomotion. Robotics and Autonomous Systems 47: 79–91.
- Raibert M, Tzafestas C, Tzafestas S, 1993. Comparative Simulation Study of Three Control Techniques Applied to a Biped Robot, AI Lab., MIT, 545 Tech. Square Cambrige, Mass 02139, USA, IRCU, National Tech. Univ. of Athens Zografou, 15773 Athens, GREECE, July 14, pp.494-502.
- Righetti L, Ijspeert AJ, 2006. Programmable central pattern generators: an application to biped locomotion control, In Robotics and Automation. ICRA 2006. Proceedings IEEE International Conference on, pp.1585-1590.
- Sugihara T, Nakamura Y, Inoue H, 2002. Realtime Humanoid Motion Generation through ZMP Manipulation based on Inverted Pendulum Control, Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics & Automation Washington, DC, May, pp.1404-1409.
- Şeker A, Talmaç MA, Sarıkaya İ. 2014. Yürüme biyomekaniği. TOTBİD Dergisi 2014, s.314-324.
- Taga G, Yamaguchi Y, Shimizu H, 1991. Self-Organized Control of Bipedal Locomotion by Neural Oscillators in Unpredictable Environment, Biological Cybernetics 65: 147-159.
- Tsuchiya K, Aoi S, Tsucita K, 2003. Locomotion Control of a Biped Locomotion Robot using Nonlinear Oscillators, Proceedings of the IEEE/RSJ Intl. Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems Las Vegas, Nevada. October, pp.1745-1750.
- http://www.erpemeteg.org/erpemeteg/Kurs_Materyalleri/Kitap/ERPE-METEG_Bolum_2.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 05.05.2017)
Implementation of Biped Locomation Movement with Central Pattern Generator (CPG)
Year 2020,
Volume: 10 Issue: 4, 2438 - 2450, 15.12.2020
Cafer Bal
,
Gökçe Yıldırım
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to develop a robot model for the design of humanoid bipedal walking movement and adaptive walking curve. Accordingly, the model designed using the SolidWorks package program based on the measurements of an average sized person was transferred to the MATLAB / SimMechanics environment for simulation analysis. Kinematic analysis and trajectory planning were done by MATLAB / SimMechanics design. Denavit-Hartenberg method was preferred for the advanced kinematic calculations of the system. Angles to be applied to robot joints were calculated by inverse kinematic analysis. In the formation of the walking curve, the Central Pattern Generator (CPG) was trained through the polynomial functions adapted to the trajectory points data. Walking action was performed by applying the hip and knee joint angles produced by trained CPG to the designed robot.
References
- Acar M, 2007. İki ayaklı yürüme hareketinin modellenmesi ve kontrolü, İ.T.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi (Basılmış).
- Adak ÖK, 2013. Quadruped Locomotion Reference Synthesıs With Central Pattern Generators Tuned by Evolutionary Algorithms, Sabancı Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi (Basılmış).
- Altınorak S, 2006. İki ayak robot modellemesi denetleyici tasarımı ve dinamik benzetimi, İ.T.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi (Basılmış).
- Aykaç B, 2011. Dc motorla tahrik edilen iki uzuvlu manipülatörün adım atma hareketinin kontrolü, Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi (Basılmış).
- Azimi E, Ghobadi M, Esfahani E, Keshmiri M, Tehrani A, 2005. Three Dimensional Smooth Trajectory Planing Using Realistic Simulation, Robot Soccer World Cup. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 381-393.
- Chestnutt J, Michel P, Kuffner J, Kanade T, 2007. Locomotion Among Dynamic Obstacles for the Honda ASIMO, Proceedings of the IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems San Diego, CA, USA, Oct 29 - Nov 2, pp.2572-2573.
- Erbatur K, Seven U, Taşkıran E, Koca Ö, Kızıltaş G, Unel M, Sabanovic A, Onat A, 2008. SURALP-L - The Leg Module of a New Humanoid Robot Platform, 8th IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots December 1~3, Daejeon, Korea, pp.168-173.
- Ewald A, Buschmann T, 2013. Online Trajectory Replanning for Biped Robots Based on Foot Step Position Modification, The 2013 World Congress on Advances in Nano, Biomechanics, Robotics, and Energy Research, Korea, pp.155-163.
- Gerçek A, 2012. İki Ayaklı Yürüyen Robot Tasarımı Ve Prototip İmalatı, İ.T.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi (Basılmış).
- Hase K, Yamazaki N, 1999. Computational Evolution of Human Bipedal Walking by a Neuro-Musculo-Skeletal Model, Artificial Life and Robotics 3: 133–138.
- Jong HP, Yong KR, 1998. ZMP Trajectory Gen¬eration for Reduced Trunk Motions of Biped Robots. In Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International Confer¬ence on Intelligent Robots and Systems, pp.90-95.
- Kanatlı U. ve Yetkin, H, Songür M, Öztürk A, Bölükbaşı S, 2006. Yürüme analizinin ortopedik uygulamaları, TOTBİD Dergisi, 5: 53-59.
- Khan LA, Naeem J, Khan U, Hussaın SZ, 2008. PID Control of a Biped Robot, 8th WSEAS Int. Conf. on Robotıcs, Control and Manufacturıng Technology (ROCOM '08), Hangzhou, China, April 6-8, pp.156-160.
- Miyakoshi S, Taga G, Kuniyoshi Y, Nagakubo A, 1998. Three Dimensional Bipedal Stepping Motion Using Neural Oscillators- Towards Humanoid Motion in the Real World, Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE/RSJ Intl. Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems Victoria, B.C., Canada October 1998, pp.84-89.
- Nakanishi J, Morimoto J, Endo G, Cheng G, Schaal S, Kawato M, 2004. Learning from demonstration and adaptation of biped locomotion. Robotics and Autonomous Systems 47: 79–91.
- Raibert M, Tzafestas C, Tzafestas S, 1993. Comparative Simulation Study of Three Control Techniques Applied to a Biped Robot, AI Lab., MIT, 545 Tech. Square Cambrige, Mass 02139, USA, IRCU, National Tech. Univ. of Athens Zografou, 15773 Athens, GREECE, July 14, pp.494-502.
- Righetti L, Ijspeert AJ, 2006. Programmable central pattern generators: an application to biped locomotion control, In Robotics and Automation. ICRA 2006. Proceedings IEEE International Conference on, pp.1585-1590.
- Sugihara T, Nakamura Y, Inoue H, 2002. Realtime Humanoid Motion Generation through ZMP Manipulation based on Inverted Pendulum Control, Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics & Automation Washington, DC, May, pp.1404-1409.
- Şeker A, Talmaç MA, Sarıkaya İ. 2014. Yürüme biyomekaniği. TOTBİD Dergisi 2014, s.314-324.
- Taga G, Yamaguchi Y, Shimizu H, 1991. Self-Organized Control of Bipedal Locomotion by Neural Oscillators in Unpredictable Environment, Biological Cybernetics 65: 147-159.
- Tsuchiya K, Aoi S, Tsucita K, 2003. Locomotion Control of a Biped Locomotion Robot using Nonlinear Oscillators, Proceedings of the IEEE/RSJ Intl. Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems Las Vegas, Nevada. October, pp.1745-1750.
- http://www.erpemeteg.org/erpemeteg/Kurs_Materyalleri/Kitap/ERPE-METEG_Bolum_2.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 05.05.2017)