Investigation of the Effect of Using Unreinforced and Reinforced PLA in Production by Fused Deposition Modeling on Mechanical Properties
Abstract
In recent years, the use of 3-dimensional (3D) printers working with the principles of fused deposition modeling (FDM) has become widespread in many areas. Thanks to this technology, even complex shaped parts, especially prototypes, can be produced in a short time and precisely, so it has become a must for research and development (R & D) studies in many sectors. With the FDM process, the use of polylactic acid (PLA) filaments, which are easy to dissolve in nature (biodegradable), has become important with the effect of environmental concerns. Therefore, it is important to make various reinforcements to PLA filaments to improve some of their properties and to expand their use. In this study, non-reinforced, 20% copper reinforced and 20% carbon fiber reinforced PLA composites were produced by 3D printer. The produced samples were subjected to tensile test and three point bending test and their mechanical properties were compared. It was observed that adding copper and carbon fiber reinforcements to PLA material reduces the tensile and bending strengths.
References
- Arpan MFZIM, Hoong LJ, 2019. Effect of Printing Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Copper Metal Polylactide Acid. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2137:1.
- ASTM, 2014. D 638. Standard test method for tensile properties of plastics. American Society for Testing and Materials Standard.
- Ayatollahi MR, Nabavi-Kivi A, Bahrami B, Yahya MY, Khosravani MR, 2020. The influence of in-plane raster angle on tensile and fracture strengths of 3D-printed PLA specimens. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 237:107225.
- BS EN ISO 178,2003.Plastics determination of flexural properties. British Standard.
- Dobrescu T, Pascu NE, Jiga G, Simion I, Adır V, Enciu G, Tudose DI, 2019. Tensile Behavior of PLA and PLA Composite Materials Under Different Printing Parameters. Materiale Plastice, 56 (4):783.
- Ferreira RTL, Amatte IC, Dutra TA, Bürger D, 2017. Experimental characterization and micrography of 3D printed PLA and PLA reinforced with short carbon fibers. Composites Part B, 124:88-100.
- Gomez-Gras G, Jerez-Mesa R, Travieso-Rodriguez JA, Lluma-Fuentes J, 2018. Fatigue performance of fused filament fabrication PLA specimens. Materials and Design, 140:278-285.
- Hinchcliffe SA, Hess KM, Srubar III WV, 2016. Experimental and theoretical investigation of prestressed natural fiber-reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) composite materials. Composites Part B, 95:346-354.
- Kaya MF, Kayataş Demir N, Hüner B, Özcan RU, 2019. Effect of copper coating on the physical and electrochemical properties of conductive pla filament. Internatıonal Journal Of 3d Printing Technologies And Digital Industry, 3:2:128-136.
- Liu Z, Lei Q, Xing S, 2019. Mechanical characteristics of wood, ceramic, metal and carbon fiber-based PLA composites fabricated by FDM. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 8(5):3741-3751.
- Sağbaş B, 2018. Surface texture characterization and parameter optimization of fused deposition modelling process. Düzce University Journal of Science & Technology, 6: 1028-1037.
- Sood AK, Equbal A, Toppo V, Ohdar RK, Mahapatra SS, 2012. An investigation on sliding wear of FDM built parts. CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology, 5:48–54.
- Valerga AP, Batista M, Salguero J, Girot F, 2018. Influence of PLA filament conditions on characteristics of FDM parts. Materials, 11:1322.
- Zhang X, Chen L, Mulholland T, Osswald TA, 2019. Characterization of mechanical properties and fracture mode of PLA and copper/PLA composite part manufactured by fused deposition modeling. SN Applied Sciences, 1:616.
Eriyik Yığma Modellemesi ile Üretimde Takviyesiz ve Takviyeli PLA Kullanımının Mekanik Özelliklere Etkisinin Araştırılması
Abstract
Son yıllarda eriyik yığma modellemesi (EYM) ilkeleriyle çalışan 3 boyutlu (3B) yazıcıların kullanımı birçok alanda yaygınlaşmıştır. Bu teknoloji sayesinde başta prototipler olmak üzere karmaşık şekilli parçalar dahi kısa sürede ve hassas şekilde üretilebildiğinden çoğu sektörde araştırma geliştirme (AR-GE) çalışmalarının olmazsa olmazı haline gelmiştir. EYM işlemiyle birlikte çevresel kaygıların da etkisiyle doğada çözünümü kolay olan (biyobozunur) polilaktik asit (PLA) filamentlerin kullanımı önemli hale gelmiştir. Bundan dolayı PLA filamentlere çeşitli takviyeler yapılarak bazı özelliklerinin geliştirilmesi ve kullanımının yaygınlaştırılması önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada da takviyesiz, %20 bakır takviyeli ve %20 karbon-fiber takviyeli PLA kompozitler 3B yazıcı ile üretilmiştir. Üretilen numuneler çekme testine ve üç nokta eğilme testine tabi tutularak mekanik özellikleri kıyaslanmıştır. PLA malzemeye bakır ve karbon fiber takviyeler yapmanın çekme ve eğilme dayanımlarını düşürdüğü görülmüştür.
References
- Arpan MFZIM, Hoong LJ, 2019. Effect of Printing Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Copper Metal Polylactide Acid. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2137:1.
- ASTM, 2014. D 638. Standard test method for tensile properties of plastics. American Society for Testing and Materials Standard.
- Ayatollahi MR, Nabavi-Kivi A, Bahrami B, Yahya MY, Khosravani MR, 2020. The influence of in-plane raster angle on tensile and fracture strengths of 3D-printed PLA specimens. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 237:107225.
- BS EN ISO 178,2003.Plastics determination of flexural properties. British Standard.
- Dobrescu T, Pascu NE, Jiga G, Simion I, Adır V, Enciu G, Tudose DI, 2019. Tensile Behavior of PLA and PLA Composite Materials Under Different Printing Parameters. Materiale Plastice, 56 (4):783.
- Ferreira RTL, Amatte IC, Dutra TA, Bürger D, 2017. Experimental characterization and micrography of 3D printed PLA and PLA reinforced with short carbon fibers. Composites Part B, 124:88-100.
- Gomez-Gras G, Jerez-Mesa R, Travieso-Rodriguez JA, Lluma-Fuentes J, 2018. Fatigue performance of fused filament fabrication PLA specimens. Materials and Design, 140:278-285.
- Hinchcliffe SA, Hess KM, Srubar III WV, 2016. Experimental and theoretical investigation of prestressed natural fiber-reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) composite materials. Composites Part B, 95:346-354.
- Kaya MF, Kayataş Demir N, Hüner B, Özcan RU, 2019. Effect of copper coating on the physical and electrochemical properties of conductive pla filament. Internatıonal Journal Of 3d Printing Technologies And Digital Industry, 3:2:128-136.
- Liu Z, Lei Q, Xing S, 2019. Mechanical characteristics of wood, ceramic, metal and carbon fiber-based PLA composites fabricated by FDM. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 8(5):3741-3751.
- Sağbaş B, 2018. Surface texture characterization and parameter optimization of fused deposition modelling process. Düzce University Journal of Science & Technology, 6: 1028-1037.
- Sood AK, Equbal A, Toppo V, Ohdar RK, Mahapatra SS, 2012. An investigation on sliding wear of FDM built parts. CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology, 5:48–54.
- Valerga AP, Batista M, Salguero J, Girot F, 2018. Influence of PLA filament conditions on characteristics of FDM parts. Materials, 11:1322.
- Zhang X, Chen L, Mulholland T, Osswald TA, 2019. Characterization of mechanical properties and fracture mode of PLA and copper/PLA composite part manufactured by fused deposition modeling. SN Applied Sciences, 1:616.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Mechanical Engineering |
| Journal Section | Makina Mühendisliği / Mechanical Engineering |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 15, 2020 |
| Submission Date | September 24, 2020 |
| Acceptance Date | October 15, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2020 Volume: 10 Issue: 4 |