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AZ-Mg Alaşımlarının Katılaşma Çatlama Duyarlılığına Karşı Dolgu Metal ve Alaşım Elamanlarının Etkilerinin Tahmin Edilmesi

Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 412 - 422, 01.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.983445

Abstract

Katılaşma çatlağı, magnezyum (Mg) alaşımlarının kaynağı için kaygı verici bir unsurdur. Maksimum │dT/d(fS)1/2│, bir indeks olarak Pandat termodinamik yazılımı ile alüminyum ve çinkonun başlıca alaşım elementlerinin olduğu AZ-Mg ark kaynaklarının katılaşma çatlama duyarlılığını tahmin etmede kullanılmıştır. Bu indeksle AZ101 magnezyum kaynak telinin ticari olarak temin edilebilir AZ31, AZ61 ve AZ91 Mg alaşımlarının çatlak duyarlılığını azaltmaya etkisi araştırılmıştır. AZ101 Mg kaynak teli, üç alaşımın da katılaşma çatlağının duyarlılığının azaltılmasında etkili bulunmuştur. Alüminyum ve çinkonun AZ-Mg alaşımlarının katılaşma çatlağına olan etkisi çatlak indeksi ve Pandat ile Scheil katılaşma modeli esas alınarak tahmin edilmiştir. İndekse dayalı tahminler AZ-Mg alaşımlarının deneysel çatlak duyarlılığı verileri ile karşılaştırılmış ve hem tahminlerin hem de deneysel verilerin genel trendinin birbiriyle uyumlu olduğu görülmüştür. Tahminler, katılaşma çatlağı için önerilen kriter ışığında açıklanmıştır.

References

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  • Campbell J, 2011. Complete Casting Handbook: Metal Casting Processes, Techniques and Design, Butterworth-Heinemann, Waltham (MA), USA, pp. 465-495
  • Clyne TW, Davies GJ, 1981. Influence of composition on solidification cracking susceptibility in binary alloy systems. Br. Foundryman, 74: 65–73.
  • Coniglio N, Cross CE, 2020. Effect of weld travel speed on solidification cracking behavior, Part 1: Weld Metal Characteristics. Int Journal of Advanced Manuf Tech 107:5011–5023
  • Demir B, Durgutlu A, 2014. An Investigation of TIG Welding of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Sheets. Materials Testing, 56: 847-851.
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  • Kierzek A, Adamiec J, 2011. Evaluation of susceptibility to hot cracking of magnesium alloy joints in variable stiffness condition. Archives of Metallugy and Materials, 56: 759–767.
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  • Kou S, 2015b. A simple index for predicting the susceptibility to solidification cracking. Welding Journal, 94 (2015) 374-s to 388-s.
  • Kou S, 2020. Welding Metallurgy, 2nd ed., Wiley, Hoboken (NJ), USA, pp. 263-299.
  • Liu J, Kou S, 2015. Effect of diffusion on susceptibility to cracking during solidification. Acta Materialia, 100: 359-368.
  • Liu J, Kou S, 2016. Crack Susceptibility of Binary Aluminum Alloys during Solidification. Acta Materialia, 110: 84-94.
  • Liu J, Kou S, 2017. Susceptibility of ternary aluminum alloys to cracking during solidification. Acta Materialia, 125: 513-523.
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  • Liu L, Dong C, 2006. Gas tungsten-arc filler welding of AZ31 magnesium alloy. Materials Letters, 60: 2194–2197.
  • Pandat 2020– Phase Diagram Calculation software package for Multicomponent Systems, Computherm LLC, Madison, WI 53719.
  • Rappaz M, Drezet JM, Gremaud M, 1999. A new hot-tearing criterion. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 30: 449-455.
  • Savage WF, Lundin CD, 1965. The Varestraint test. Welding Journal, 44: 433s-442s.
  • Song J, Pan F, Jiang B, Atrens A, Zhang MX, Lu Y, 2016. A review on hot tearing of magnesium alloys. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, 4: 151-172.
  • Soysal T, 2021a. A criterion to find crack-resistant aluminum alloys to avoid solidification cracking. Science and Technology of Weld Joining, 26: 99-105.
  • Soysal T, 2021b. Effect of solidification models on predicting susceptibility of carbon steels to solidification cracking. Weld World, (1-12), https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-021-01132-0
  • Soysal T, Kou S, 2017. A simple test for solidification cracking susceptibility and filler metal effect. Welding Journal, 96: 389s-401s.
  • Soysal T, Kou S, 2018. A simple test for assessing solidification cracking susceptibility and checking validity of susceptibility prediction. Acta Materialia. 143: 181-197.
  • Soysal T, Kou S, 2019a. Predicting effect of filler metals on solidification cracking susceptibility of 2024 Al and 6061 Al. Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 24: 559-565.
  • Soysal T, Kou S, 2019b. Effect of filler metals on solidification cracking susceptibility of Al alloys2024 and 6061. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 266: 421-428.
  • Soysal T, Kou S, 2020. Role of liquid backfilling in reducing solidification cracking in aluminum welds. Science and Technology of Welding and Joining. 25: 415-421.
  • Sun DX, Cui DL, Shi JT, 2013. Hot Cracking and Microstructure of Welding Joint of Magnesium Alloy AZ91D. Advanced Materials Research, 753: 435–438.
  • Teker T, Yilmaz SO, Karakurt EM, 2018. Effect of different rotational speeds on mechanical and metallurgical properties of friction welded dissimilar steels. Materials Testing, 60: 135-141.
  • Xia C, Kou S, 2020. Evaluating susceptibility of Ni-base alloys to solidification cracking by transverse-motion weldability test. Science and Technology of Welding and Joining. 25: 690-697.
  • Xia C, Kou S, 2021. Calculating the Susceptibility of Carbon Steels to Solidification Cracking During Welding. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 52: 460-469.
  • Yu ZH, Yan HG, Chen SJ, Chen JH, Zeng PL, 2010. Method for welding highly crack susceptible magnesium alloy ZK60. Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 15: 354–360.
  • Zhou L, 2011. School of materials science and engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, China, Doctoral Thesis (in Chinese).

Estimating the Effects of Filler Metal and Alloying Elements for Against Solidification Cracking Susceptibility of AZ-Mg Alloys

Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 412 - 422, 01.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.983445

Abstract

Solidification cracking is a concern for welding magnesium (Mg) alloys. An index, the maximum │dT/d(fS)1/2│,was used with the thermodynamic software Pandat to make solidification cracking susceptibility predictions for AZ-Mg arc welds which have the main alloying elements of aluminum and zinc in the magnesium matrix. The effect of AZ101 magnesium filler on reducing crack susceptibility of commercially available AZ31, AZ61 and AZ91 Mg alloys was investigated with the crack susceptibility index. The filler metal AZ101 Mg alloy was found effective to reduce the susceptibility of all the three AZ-Mg alloys to solidification cracking. The influence of the amount of aluminum and zinc in the AZ-Mg alloys on the crack susceptibility was predicted using the cracking index and Pandat based on Scheil solidification model. The predictions based on the index were compared to the experimental crack susceptibility data of the AZ-Mg alloys, and it was seen that the general trend of both predictions and the reported data was consistent with each other. The predictions were explained in the light of the criterion proposed for solidification cracking.

References

  • Adamiec J, 2010. Evaluation of susceptibility of the ZRE1 alloy to hot cracking in conditions of forced strain. Archives of Foundry Engineering, 10: 345–350.
  • Campbell J, 2011. Complete Casting Handbook: Metal Casting Processes, Techniques and Design, Butterworth-Heinemann, Waltham (MA), USA, pp. 465-495
  • Clyne TW, Davies GJ, 1981. Influence of composition on solidification cracking susceptibility in binary alloy systems. Br. Foundryman, 74: 65–73.
  • Coniglio N, Cross CE, 2020. Effect of weld travel speed on solidification cracking behavior, Part 1: Weld Metal Characteristics. Int Journal of Advanced Manuf Tech 107:5011–5023
  • Demir B, Durgutlu A, 2014. An Investigation of TIG Welding of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Sheets. Materials Testing, 56: 847-851.
  • Flemings MC, 1974. Solidification processing, McGraw-Hill, New York (NY), USA.
  • Friedrich HE, Mordike BL, 2006. Magnesium Technology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
  • Huang CJ, Cheng CM, Chou CP, Chen FH, 2011. Hot Cracking in AZ31 and AZ61 Magnesium Alloy. Journal of Materials Science and Technology, 27: 633–640.
  • Kierzek A, Adamiec J, 2011. Evaluation of susceptibility to hot cracking of magnesium alloy joints in variable stiffness condition. Archives of Metallugy and Materials, 56: 759–767.
  • Kou S, 2015a. A criterion for cracking during solidification. ActaMaterialia, 88: 366-374.
  • Kou S, 2015b. A simple index for predicting the susceptibility to solidification cracking. Welding Journal, 94 (2015) 374-s to 388-s.
  • Kou S, 2020. Welding Metallurgy, 2nd ed., Wiley, Hoboken (NJ), USA, pp. 263-299.
  • Liu J, Kou S, 2015. Effect of diffusion on susceptibility to cracking during solidification. Acta Materialia, 100: 359-368.
  • Liu J, Kou S, 2016. Crack Susceptibility of Binary Aluminum Alloys during Solidification. Acta Materialia, 110: 84-94.
  • Liu J, Kou S, 2017. Susceptibility of ternary aluminum alloys to cracking during solidification. Acta Materialia, 125: 513-523.
  • Liu K, Kou S, 2020. Susceptibility of magnesium alloys to solidification cracking. Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 25: 251-257.
  • Liu L, 2010. Welding and Joining of Magnesium Alloys. Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, UK,pp. 23-93.
  • Liu L, Dong C, 2006. Gas tungsten-arc filler welding of AZ31 magnesium alloy. Materials Letters, 60: 2194–2197.
  • Pandat 2020– Phase Diagram Calculation software package for Multicomponent Systems, Computherm LLC, Madison, WI 53719.
  • Rappaz M, Drezet JM, Gremaud M, 1999. A new hot-tearing criterion. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 30: 449-455.
  • Savage WF, Lundin CD, 1965. The Varestraint test. Welding Journal, 44: 433s-442s.
  • Song J, Pan F, Jiang B, Atrens A, Zhang MX, Lu Y, 2016. A review on hot tearing of magnesium alloys. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, 4: 151-172.
  • Soysal T, 2021a. A criterion to find crack-resistant aluminum alloys to avoid solidification cracking. Science and Technology of Weld Joining, 26: 99-105.
  • Soysal T, 2021b. Effect of solidification models on predicting susceptibility of carbon steels to solidification cracking. Weld World, (1-12), https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-021-01132-0
  • Soysal T, Kou S, 2017. A simple test for solidification cracking susceptibility and filler metal effect. Welding Journal, 96: 389s-401s.
  • Soysal T, Kou S, 2018. A simple test for assessing solidification cracking susceptibility and checking validity of susceptibility prediction. Acta Materialia. 143: 181-197.
  • Soysal T, Kou S, 2019a. Predicting effect of filler metals on solidification cracking susceptibility of 2024 Al and 6061 Al. Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 24: 559-565.
  • Soysal T, Kou S, 2019b. Effect of filler metals on solidification cracking susceptibility of Al alloys2024 and 6061. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 266: 421-428.
  • Soysal T, Kou S, 2020. Role of liquid backfilling in reducing solidification cracking in aluminum welds. Science and Technology of Welding and Joining. 25: 415-421.
  • Sun DX, Cui DL, Shi JT, 2013. Hot Cracking and Microstructure of Welding Joint of Magnesium Alloy AZ91D. Advanced Materials Research, 753: 435–438.
  • Teker T, Yilmaz SO, Karakurt EM, 2018. Effect of different rotational speeds on mechanical and metallurgical properties of friction welded dissimilar steels. Materials Testing, 60: 135-141.
  • Xia C, Kou S, 2020. Evaluating susceptibility of Ni-base alloys to solidification cracking by transverse-motion weldability test. Science and Technology of Welding and Joining. 25: 690-697.
  • Xia C, Kou S, 2021. Calculating the Susceptibility of Carbon Steels to Solidification Cracking During Welding. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 52: 460-469.
  • Yu ZH, Yan HG, Chen SJ, Chen JH, Zeng PL, 2010. Method for welding highly crack susceptible magnesium alloy ZK60. Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 15: 354–360.
  • Zhou L, 2011. School of materials science and engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, China, Doctoral Thesis (in Chinese).
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Makina Mühendisliği / Mechanical Engineering
Authors

Tayfun Soysal 0000-0003-3861-2590

Publication Date March 1, 2022
Submission Date August 16, 2021
Acceptance Date October 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 12 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Soysal, T. (2022). Estimating the Effects of Filler Metal and Alloying Elements for Against Solidification Cracking Susceptibility of AZ-Mg Alloys. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 12(1), 412-422. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.983445
AMA Soysal T. Estimating the Effects of Filler Metal and Alloying Elements for Against Solidification Cracking Susceptibility of AZ-Mg Alloys. J. Inst. Sci. and Tech. March 2022;12(1):412-422. doi:10.21597/jist.983445
Chicago Soysal, Tayfun. “Estimating the Effects of Filler Metal and Alloying Elements for Against Solidification Cracking Susceptibility of AZ-Mg Alloys”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 12, no. 1 (March 2022): 412-22. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.983445.
EndNote Soysal T (March 1, 2022) Estimating the Effects of Filler Metal and Alloying Elements for Against Solidification Cracking Susceptibility of AZ-Mg Alloys. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 12 1 412–422.
IEEE T. Soysal, “Estimating the Effects of Filler Metal and Alloying Elements for Against Solidification Cracking Susceptibility of AZ-Mg Alloys”, J. Inst. Sci. and Tech., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 412–422, 2022, doi: 10.21597/jist.983445.
ISNAD Soysal, Tayfun. “Estimating the Effects of Filler Metal and Alloying Elements for Against Solidification Cracking Susceptibility of AZ-Mg Alloys”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 12/1 (March 2022), 412-422. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.983445.
JAMA Soysal T. Estimating the Effects of Filler Metal and Alloying Elements for Against Solidification Cracking Susceptibility of AZ-Mg Alloys. J. Inst. Sci. and Tech. 2022;12:412–422.
MLA Soysal, Tayfun. “Estimating the Effects of Filler Metal and Alloying Elements for Against Solidification Cracking Susceptibility of AZ-Mg Alloys”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, vol. 12, no. 1, 2022, pp. 412-2, doi:10.21597/jist.983445.
Vancouver Soysal T. Estimating the Effects of Filler Metal and Alloying Elements for Against Solidification Cracking Susceptibility of AZ-Mg Alloys. J. Inst. Sci. and Tech. 2022;12(1):412-2.