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The Effect of Harmonics Caused by Non-Linear Loads and Power Imbalance Between Phases on Neutral Current

Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 1456 - 1467, 01.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1093966

Abstract

The operation of devices with different load types is related to the occurrence of distortions such
as high current and voltage harmonics, phase and power imbalance. Electrical equipment may not operate correctly due to higher harmonics and power and phase imbalance. Neutral current is the result of harmonics and power and phase imbalance. In three-phase systems, current may flow in the neutral conductor due to the imbalance problem caused by the loads or the wrong wiring. Non-linear loads inject harmonic currents into the grid or source. When triple harmonics are present in the network, the neutral current is not zero even if the load is perfectly balanced. This can increase the risk of fire due to overheating of the neutral conductor due to overload. In this study, power parameters were measured by performing five measurements in three phases (Phase A, Phase B and Phase C) in three different facilities. The effects of load unbalance and triple harmonic values on neutral current are compared. Although the power imbalance standard error value in the first and second measurement was close to each other, there was approximately 30% variation between the triple harmonic values, while the difference in neutral current was 13.27 A. For the test system in the current study, it was concluded that triplen harmonics have more effect on the current in the neutral conductor than unbalanced loading.

References

  • Abu Bakar M. I., 2008. Assessments for the impact of harmonic current distortion of non linear load in power system harmonics, 2008 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition: Latin America, pp. 1-6.
  • Arrillaga J. and Watson N. R., 2003. Power system harmonics., 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester, West Sussex, England.
  • Arthur R. and Shanahan R. A., 1996. Neutral Currents in Three Phase Wye Systems. Power Systems Engineering Data. Square D Company Oshkosh, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
  • Arvindan A. N. and Praveenkumar P., 2013. Simulation based investigation of harmonics in line and neutral currents of 3-phase utility feeding 2-pulse rectifiers, IET Chennai Fourth International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Intelligent Systems (SEISCON 2013), pp. 144-151.
  • Belitckiy A. A. and Voytyuk I. N., 2017. The question of compensation overload neutral wire current in low voltage electrical networks, 2017 IEEE Conference of Russian Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EIConRus), 2017, pp. 779-783.
  • Belitskiy A. A., Rastvorova I. I. and Denisova O. V., 2018. Nonlinear and unbalanced load as a basic factor of a neutral conductor current, 2018 IEEE Conference of Russian Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EIConRus), pp. 570-571.
  • Czarnecki L. S. and Haley P. M., 2015. Unbalanced power in four-wire systems and its reactive compensation. IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 53–63.
  • Dey N. and Chakraborty A. K., 2013. Neutral Current and Neutral Voltage in Three Phase Four Wire Distribution System of a Technical Institution. International Journal of Computer Applications 72(3):1-7.
  • Dugan R. C., McGranaghan M. F., Santoso S. and Beaty H. W., 2004. Electrical Power Systems Quality. Copyright McGraw-Hill, pp. 179-181.
  • Eduful, G., & Atanga, K. J., 2016. Analysis of High Neutral Currents and Harmonic Impacts on Losses and Capacities of Distribution Transformers.
  • Grady M., 2012. Understanding Power System Harmonics, Electronics and Electrical Engineering. University of Texas, Austin, Texas, U.S.A.
  • Gul O. and Bayrak M., 1999. Power quality and neutral current problems from unbalanced and non-linear loads in three-phase power systems. 15th International Conference & Exhibition on Electricity Distribution, 1-4 June, Nice, France.
  • Hofmann W, Schlabbach J. and Just W., 2012. Reactive Power Compensation A Practical Guide. A John Wiley & Sons, pp. 77, Hawthorne, CA, U.S.A.
  • IEEE Trial Use Standard for the Measurement of Electric Power Quantities Under Sinusoidal, Nonsinusoidal, Balanced and Unbalanced Conditions, IEEE Standard 1459-2000.
  • IEEE Standard Definitions for the Measurement of Electric Power Quantities Under Sinusoidal, Nonsinusoidal, Balanced and Unbalanced Conditions, IEEE Standard 1459-2010.
  • Jadeja R., Faldu A., Trivedi T.., Chauhan S. and Patel V., 2018. Compensation of Harmonics in Neutral Current Using Active Power Filter for Three Phase Four Wire System. Gazi University Journal of Science, 31(3): 846-861.
  • Karthi K., Radhakrishnan R., Baskaran J. M. and Titus L. S., 2017. Role of ZigZag transformer on neutral current reduction in three phase four wire power distribution system. 2017 International Conference on Intelligent Computing, Instrumentation and Control Technologies (ICICICT), 2017, pp. 138-141.
  • Kusko A. and Thompson M. T., 2007. Power Quality in Electrical Systems. 1st edition, New-York, McGraw Hill.
  • Mahela O. P. and Shaik A. G., 2016. Topological aspects of power quality improvement techniques: A comprehensive overview. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 58, 2016, pp. 1129–1142.
  • Patel S. and Hmurcik L., 2016. Preventable ground wire accidents and fires. 2016 IEEE 16th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC), pp. 1-4.
  • Rafi F. H. Md., Hossain M. J., Town G. and Lu J., 2019. Smart Voltage-Source Inverters With a Novel Approach to Enhance Neutral-Current Compensation, in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 66, no. 5, pp. 3518-3529, May 2019.
  • Sreenivasarao D., Agarwal P. and Das B., 2012. Neutral current compensation in three-phase, four-wire systems: A review. Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 86, pp. 170–180.
  • Uçar M ve Özdemir E, 2005. İdeal olmayan şebeke gerilimi ve dengesiz yük şartlarında 3-fazlı 4-telli paralel aktif güç filtresi denetimi. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt 20, No 3, 347-356.
  • Yong J. and Yu K., 2014. Neutral current estimation for multi-grounded concentric neutral cable system, 2014 16th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power (ICHQP), pp. 636-639.

Lineer Olmayan Yüklerin Sebep Olduğu Harmoniklerin ve Fazlar Arası Güç Dengesizliğinin Nötr Akımına Etkisi

Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 1456 - 1467, 01.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1093966

Abstract

Farklı yük çeşitlerine sahip cihazların çalışması, yüksek akım ve gerilim harmonikleri, faz ve güç
dengesizliği gibi bozulmaların meydana gelmesiyle ilgilidir. Daha yüksek harmonikler ile güç ve faz dengesizliği nedeniyle elektrik ekipmanları doğru çalışmayabilir. Nötr akım, harmonik ile güç ve faz dengesizliği sonuçlarındandır. Üç fazlı sistemlerde yüklerin neden olduğu dengesizlik sorunundan veya kablo bağlantısında yapılan yanlışlıklardan kaynaklı olarak nötr iletkende akım akışı olabilir. Lineer olmayan yükler şebekeye veya kaynağa harmonik akımlar enjekte eder. Şebekede üçlü harmonikler mevcut olduğunda, yük mükemmel bir şekilde dengelenmiş olsa bile nötr akım sıfır değildir. Bu da nötr iletkeninin aşırı yüklenmesine bağlı olarak ısınması nedeniyle yangın riskini artırabilir. Bu çalışmada üç farklı tesiste beş ölçüm, üç fazda (Faz A, Faz B ve Faz C) yapılarak güç parametreleri ölçülmüştür. Yük dengesizliği ile üçlü harmonik değerlerinin nötr akımına etkisi karşılaştırılmıştır. Birinci ve ikinci ölçümdeki güç dengesizliği standart hata değeri birbirine yakın olmasına karşın üçlü harmonik değerler arasında yaklaşık %30’luk değişkenlik var iken nötr akımda oluşan fark 13.27 A olmuştur. Çalışmadaki test edilen sistem için triplen harmoniklerin, dengesiz yüklenmeye göre nötr iletkende oluşan akım üzerinde daha fazla etkisinin olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

References

  • Abu Bakar M. I., 2008. Assessments for the impact of harmonic current distortion of non linear load in power system harmonics, 2008 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition: Latin America, pp. 1-6.
  • Arrillaga J. and Watson N. R., 2003. Power system harmonics., 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester, West Sussex, England.
  • Arthur R. and Shanahan R. A., 1996. Neutral Currents in Three Phase Wye Systems. Power Systems Engineering Data. Square D Company Oshkosh, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
  • Arvindan A. N. and Praveenkumar P., 2013. Simulation based investigation of harmonics in line and neutral currents of 3-phase utility feeding 2-pulse rectifiers, IET Chennai Fourth International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Intelligent Systems (SEISCON 2013), pp. 144-151.
  • Belitckiy A. A. and Voytyuk I. N., 2017. The question of compensation overload neutral wire current in low voltage electrical networks, 2017 IEEE Conference of Russian Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EIConRus), 2017, pp. 779-783.
  • Belitskiy A. A., Rastvorova I. I. and Denisova O. V., 2018. Nonlinear and unbalanced load as a basic factor of a neutral conductor current, 2018 IEEE Conference of Russian Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EIConRus), pp. 570-571.
  • Czarnecki L. S. and Haley P. M., 2015. Unbalanced power in four-wire systems and its reactive compensation. IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 53–63.
  • Dey N. and Chakraborty A. K., 2013. Neutral Current and Neutral Voltage in Three Phase Four Wire Distribution System of a Technical Institution. International Journal of Computer Applications 72(3):1-7.
  • Dugan R. C., McGranaghan M. F., Santoso S. and Beaty H. W., 2004. Electrical Power Systems Quality. Copyright McGraw-Hill, pp. 179-181.
  • Eduful, G., & Atanga, K. J., 2016. Analysis of High Neutral Currents and Harmonic Impacts on Losses and Capacities of Distribution Transformers.
  • Grady M., 2012. Understanding Power System Harmonics, Electronics and Electrical Engineering. University of Texas, Austin, Texas, U.S.A.
  • Gul O. and Bayrak M., 1999. Power quality and neutral current problems from unbalanced and non-linear loads in three-phase power systems. 15th International Conference & Exhibition on Electricity Distribution, 1-4 June, Nice, France.
  • Hofmann W, Schlabbach J. and Just W., 2012. Reactive Power Compensation A Practical Guide. A John Wiley & Sons, pp. 77, Hawthorne, CA, U.S.A.
  • IEEE Trial Use Standard for the Measurement of Electric Power Quantities Under Sinusoidal, Nonsinusoidal, Balanced and Unbalanced Conditions, IEEE Standard 1459-2000.
  • IEEE Standard Definitions for the Measurement of Electric Power Quantities Under Sinusoidal, Nonsinusoidal, Balanced and Unbalanced Conditions, IEEE Standard 1459-2010.
  • Jadeja R., Faldu A., Trivedi T.., Chauhan S. and Patel V., 2018. Compensation of Harmonics in Neutral Current Using Active Power Filter for Three Phase Four Wire System. Gazi University Journal of Science, 31(3): 846-861.
  • Karthi K., Radhakrishnan R., Baskaran J. M. and Titus L. S., 2017. Role of ZigZag transformer on neutral current reduction in three phase four wire power distribution system. 2017 International Conference on Intelligent Computing, Instrumentation and Control Technologies (ICICICT), 2017, pp. 138-141.
  • Kusko A. and Thompson M. T., 2007. Power Quality in Electrical Systems. 1st edition, New-York, McGraw Hill.
  • Mahela O. P. and Shaik A. G., 2016. Topological aspects of power quality improvement techniques: A comprehensive overview. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 58, 2016, pp. 1129–1142.
  • Patel S. and Hmurcik L., 2016. Preventable ground wire accidents and fires. 2016 IEEE 16th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC), pp. 1-4.
  • Rafi F. H. Md., Hossain M. J., Town G. and Lu J., 2019. Smart Voltage-Source Inverters With a Novel Approach to Enhance Neutral-Current Compensation, in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 66, no. 5, pp. 3518-3529, May 2019.
  • Sreenivasarao D., Agarwal P. and Das B., 2012. Neutral current compensation in three-phase, four-wire systems: A review. Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 86, pp. 170–180.
  • Uçar M ve Özdemir E, 2005. İdeal olmayan şebeke gerilimi ve dengesiz yük şartlarında 3-fazlı 4-telli paralel aktif güç filtresi denetimi. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt 20, No 3, 347-356.
  • Yong J. and Yu K., 2014. Neutral current estimation for multi-grounded concentric neutral cable system, 2014 16th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power (ICHQP), pp. 636-639.
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Electrical Engineering
Journal Section Elektrik Elektronik Mühendisliği / Electrical Electronic Engineering
Authors

Faruk Kürker 0000-0003-1544-9743

Early Pub Date August 26, 2022
Publication Date September 1, 2022
Submission Date March 27, 2022
Acceptance Date June 20, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 12 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Kürker, F. (2022). Lineer Olmayan Yüklerin Sebep Olduğu Harmoniklerin ve Fazlar Arası Güç Dengesizliğinin Nötr Akımına Etkisi. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 12(3), 1456-1467. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1093966
AMA Kürker F. Lineer Olmayan Yüklerin Sebep Olduğu Harmoniklerin ve Fazlar Arası Güç Dengesizliğinin Nötr Akımına Etkisi. J. Inst. Sci. and Tech. September 2022;12(3):1456-1467. doi:10.21597/jist.1093966
Chicago Kürker, Faruk. “Lineer Olmayan Yüklerin Sebep Olduğu Harmoniklerin Ve Fazlar Arası Güç Dengesizliğinin Nötr Akımına Etkisi”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 12, no. 3 (September 2022): 1456-67. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1093966.
EndNote Kürker F (September 1, 2022) Lineer Olmayan Yüklerin Sebep Olduğu Harmoniklerin ve Fazlar Arası Güç Dengesizliğinin Nötr Akımına Etkisi. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 12 3 1456–1467.
IEEE F. Kürker, “Lineer Olmayan Yüklerin Sebep Olduğu Harmoniklerin ve Fazlar Arası Güç Dengesizliğinin Nötr Akımına Etkisi”, J. Inst. Sci. and Tech., vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 1456–1467, 2022, doi: 10.21597/jist.1093966.
ISNAD Kürker, Faruk. “Lineer Olmayan Yüklerin Sebep Olduğu Harmoniklerin Ve Fazlar Arası Güç Dengesizliğinin Nötr Akımına Etkisi”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 12/3 (September 2022), 1456-1467. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1093966.
JAMA Kürker F. Lineer Olmayan Yüklerin Sebep Olduğu Harmoniklerin ve Fazlar Arası Güç Dengesizliğinin Nötr Akımına Etkisi. J. Inst. Sci. and Tech. 2022;12:1456–1467.
MLA Kürker, Faruk. “Lineer Olmayan Yüklerin Sebep Olduğu Harmoniklerin Ve Fazlar Arası Güç Dengesizliğinin Nötr Akımına Etkisi”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, vol. 12, no. 3, 2022, pp. 1456-67, doi:10.21597/jist.1093966.
Vancouver Kürker F. Lineer Olmayan Yüklerin Sebep Olduğu Harmoniklerin ve Fazlar Arası Güç Dengesizliğinin Nötr Akımına Etkisi. J. Inst. Sci. and Tech. 2022;12(3):1456-67.