Determination of Physicochemical and Mineral Composition of Mulberry Fruits (Morus alba L.) at Different Harvest Dates

Year 2012, Volume: 2 Issue: 3, 17 - 22, 30.09.2012

Hüseyin Karlıdağ , Mücahit Pehluvan Metin Turan Sadiye Peral Eyduran

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine some physicochemical and mineral compositions of mulberry

fruit at different harvest dates during a harvest season. The study was carried out on 25-year-old mulberry trees

belonging to Morus alba L. cultivated in an orchard in Upper Coruh valley of Turkey in 2005 and 2006. Fruit size,

total soluble solid (TSS), fruit dry yield (FDY), color (L, a, b) of fruits varied between 2.32-3.18 g, 24.07-31.33%,

27.10-31.33%, 36.41-51.74, 4.42-8.20, 23.66-28.42, respectively. As the mineral compositions of mulberry fruit,

3.10-3.36 g 100g-1 N, 0.298-0.417 g 100g-1 P, 1.82-2.12 g 100g-1 K, 2.63-2.93 g 100g-1 Ca, 0.593-0.723 g 100g-1 Mg,

0.180-0.325 g 100g-1 S, 63.7-71.2 mg kg -1 Na, 114.3-126.3 mg kg -1 Fe, 69.8-76.8 mg kg -1 Mn, 29.0-36.2 mg kg -1

Zn, and 11.2-17.2 mg kg -1 Cu were determined. As a result, TSS, FDY, K, Ca, Mg, S and Zn minerals of the fruit

were determined to increase towards the end of the harvest season.

Keywords

Morus alba L., mineral content, harvest dates

Farklı Hasat Dönemlerinde Dut Meyvelerinin Fizikokimyasal ve Mineral Madde İçeriklerinin Belirlenmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada bir hasat sezonu boyunca farklı tarihlerde hasat edilen dut meyvelerinin bazı fizikokimyasal

ve mineral içerikleri belirlenmiştir. Çalışma yukarı Çoruh vadisinde 2005-2006 yıllarında 25 yaşlı dut ağaçlarında

yürütülmüştür. Meyve ağırlığı, SÇKM, kuru randıman, renk (L,a,b) ölçüm değerleri sırasıyla 2.32-3.18 g, %24.07-

31.33 g, %27.10-31.33, 36.41-51.74, 4.42-8.20, 23.66-28.42 arasında değişim göstermiştir. Dut meyvelerinin

mineral madde içerikleri ise 3.10-3.36 g 100g-1 N, 0.298-0.417 g 100g-1 P, 1.82-2.12 g 100g-1 K, 2.63-2.93 g 100g-1

Ca, 0.593-0.723 g 100g-1 Mg, 0.180-0.325 g 100g-1 S, 63.7-71.2 mg kg -1 Na, 114.3-126.3 mg kg -1 Fe, 69.8-76.8 mg

kg -1 Mn, 29.0-36.2 mg kg -1 Zn, 11.2-17.2 mg kg -1 Cu arasında belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, hasat sezonunun

sonuna doğru meyvelerin SÇKM, kuru randıman değerleri ile K, Ca, Mg, S ve Zn gibi mineral içeriklerinin arttığı

tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Morus alba L., mineral madde içeriği, hasat dönemi

References

• Anonymous, 2009. Turkish Statistical Institute (TSI). Agricultural production statistical data bases. http://turkstat.gov.tr (Date of access: 08.05.2009).
• Arabshahi-Delouee, S., Urooj, A., 2007. Antioxidant properties of various solvent extracts of mulberry (Morus indica L.) leaves. Food Chemistry, 102(4): 1233–1240.
• Baytop, T., 1996. Treatment with plants in Turkey. Pharmacy Fac- ulty, Istanbul Univ. Pub. No:3255, Istanbul.
• Bremner, J.M., 1996. Nitrogen-total. Methods of soil analysis part 3: Chemical methods (Editors: J. M. Bartels, J.M. Bigham), pp. 1085–1121, The Soil Science Society of America and the American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin.
• Burgut, A., Turemis N.F., 2006. Selection of mulberries for suit- able table and industrial in Adana. Second National Soft Fruits Symposium, 14-16 September, Tokat, pp. 181-184.
• Cengiz, O., Aslantas, R., 2007. Changing of yield and quality of strawberry growing in condition of Erzurum province during season and determination of relation between these properties and climate data. Ataturk University, Graduate School of Nat- ural and Applied Sciences, Department of Horticulture, MS Thesis, 52 p.
• Doymaz, I., 2004. Pretreatment effect on sun drying of mulberry fruits (Morus alba L.). Journal of Food Enginering, 65(2): 205–209.
• Ercisli, S., 2004. A short review of the fruit germplasm resources of Turkey. Genetic Resources Crop Evolution, Vol. 51: 419-435.
• Ercisli, S., Orhan, E., 2007. Chemical composition of white (Morus alba), red (Morus rubra) and black (Morus nigra) mulberry fruits. Food Chemistry, 103(4): 1380-1384.
• Erdogan, U., Cakmakcı, R., 2006. Determination of some pheno- logical and pomological characteristics of mulberry grown in high Coruh Vally. Second National Soft Fruits Symposium. 14-16 September 2006, Tokat, pp. 199-204.
• Ersoy, B., Demirsoy, H., 2006. Study on effects of different shading treatments on seasonal variation of some nutrients in ‘Cama- rosa’ strawberry. Ondokuz Mayis University Journal of Fac- ulty of Agriculture, 21(1): 82-88.
• Gungor, N., Sengul, M., 2008. Antioxidant activity, total pheno- lic content and selected physicochemical properties of white mulberry (Morus alba L.) fruits. International Journal of Food Properties, 11: 44-52.
• Hikino, H., Mozuno, T., Oshima, Y., Konno, C.,1985. Validity of the oriental medicines. 80. antidiabetics drugs. 4. isolationand hypoglycemic activity of moran A, a flycopretein of Morus alba root barks. Planta Medca, 2: 159–160.
• Islam, A., Turan, A., Sisman, T., Kurt, H., Aygün, A., 2006. Mul- berry selection in Sebinkarahisar. Second National Soft Fruits Symposium14-16 September 2006, Tokat, pp. 185-188.
• Kim, S.,Y, Gao, J.J., Lee, W.C., Ryu, K.S., Lee, K.R., Kim, Y.C., 1999. Antioxidative flavonoids from the leaves of Morus alba. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 22: 81–85.
• Korel, F., Balaban, M.O., 2006. Composition, color and mechanical characteristics of pretreated candied chestnuts. International Journal of Food Properties, 9(3): 559-572.
• Kusano, G., Orihara, S., Tsukamoto, D., Shibano, M., Coskun, M., Guvenc, A., Erdurak, C.S., 2002. Five new nortropanenalka- loids and six new amino acids from the fruit of Morus alba linne growing in Turkey. Chemical Pharmaceutical Bulletin 50(2): 185–192.
• Lee, E.J., Chae, O.H., Lee, M.S., Lee, H.K., Huh, H., 1998. Puro- focation of anti-allergic compound from mori cortex radicis extract. Yakhak Hoechi 42: 395–402.
• Lenz, F., 2000. Effects of fruit load on nutrient uptake and distribu- tion in citrus trees. Acta Horticulture, 531: 115-120.
• Maskan, M., Gogus, F., 1998. Sorption isoterm and drying charac- teristics of mulberry (Morus alba). Journal of Food Enginer- ing, 37(4): 437-449.
• Mertens, D., 2005a. AOAC, Plants preparation of laboratuary sam- ple. Official Methods of Analysis, 18th edn. Horwitz W, Lat- imer GW (Eds). Chapter 3, pp1-2, AOAC-International Suite 500, 481. North Frederick Avenue, Gaitherburg, Maryland 20877-2417, USA.
• Mertens, D., 2005b. AOAC Official Method 975.03. Metal in Plants and Pet Foods. Official Methods of Analysis, 18th edn. Hor- witz W, Latimer GW (Eds). Chapter 3, pp 3-4, AOAC-Inter- national Suite 500, 481. North Frederick Avenue, Gaitherburg, Maryland 20877-2417, USA.
• Nomura, T., Fukai, T., Uno, J., Arai, T., 1978. Mullberrefuran A, a new isoprenoid 2-arylbenzofuran from the root bark of culti- vated mulberry tree (Morus alba L). Heterocycles 9: 1593– 1601.
• Orhan, E., Ercilssli, S., Yildirim, N., Agar, G., 2007. Genetic varia- tion among mulberry genotypes (Morus alba) as revealed by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 265: 251-258.
• Polat, A.A., 2004. Determination of mulberry fruit characteristics grown in the Antakya district of Hatay province. Bahçe, 33(1- 2): 67-73.
• Sanchez, M.D., 2000. World distribution and utilization of mull- berry, potential for animal feeding. http://www.fao.org/ag/aga/ AGAP/FRG/Mulberry/Papers/PDF/Intro.pdf (Date of access: 11.02.2011 ).
• Takasuki, M., Ishigawa, S., Massamune, T., 1982. Studies on phy- toalexins of the Moraceae. 12.Abafurans A and B, geranyl 2-phenylbenzofurans from mulberry, Chemistry Letters, 8: 1221–1222.
• Takasuki, M., Nagao, S., Massamune, T., Shirata, A., Takahashi, K., 1979. Studies on phytoalexins of the Moraceae. Part 4. Structurea of miracins E, F, G, and H, new phytoalexins from diseased mulberry. Tetrahedron Letters, 48: 4675–4678.
• Wall, M.M., 2006. Ascorbic acid and mineral composition of longan (Dimocarpus longan), lychee (Litchi chinensis) and rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) cultivars grown in Hawaii. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 19(6-7): 655-663.
• Wünsche, J.N., Palmer, J.W., Greer, D.H., 2000. Effects of crop load on fruiting and gas-exchange characteristics of Braeburn/M. 26 apple trees at full canopy. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science, 125(1): 99-93.