Hava Modifikasyon İşlemlerinde Yapay Yağış Tekniği

Year 2013, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 31 - 40, 31.03.2013

Turgut Öztürk , Büşra Koç

Abstract

Hava modifikasyon işlemiyle yapay yağış oluşturma ve bu sistemin etkinliği meteorolojistler arasında çok tartışılan bir konudur. Doğru şartlar altında, tekniğine uygun yapılan bulut tohumlama işleminin yağışı % 5-20 arasında artırabileceği ileri sürülmektedir. Yağış zenginleştirme potansiyeli su kaynakları yönetimiyle çok yakından ilişkilidir. Bu potansiyel teknolojinin kullanımı entegre programlara ve bu programların ekonomik olarak sürdürülebilmesine bağlıdır. Bu çalışmada bulut tohumlama işleminin dünya ve Türkiye’deki tarihsel gelişim süreci üzerinde durularak yağış oluşumu ve bulut tohumlama sistemleri ile bulutlarda yağış zenginleştirme işlemleri hakkında bazı özet bilgiler verilmiştir

Keywords

Yapay yağış, bulut tohumlama, hava modifikasyonu

Artificial Rainfall Technique in Weather Modification Operations

Abstract

Formation artificial rainfall by means of weather modification operations and the efficiency of the system among meteorologists are much debated issue. It is reported that rainfall is increases 5-20 % by the cloud seeding operations made according to the technique under the right circumstances. Rainfall enhancement potential is very closely related with water resources management.Using to this potential technology depends on integrated programs and the economic sustainability of these programs. The study is focused on the historical development of cloud seeding systems in Turkey and in the World. Accordingly the brief knowledges concerning the formation of rainfall and cloud seeding systems with rainfall enhancement operations into clouds are given

Keywords

Artificial rainfall, cloud seeding, weather modification

References

• Anonim, 2012. Suni yağış. http://www.mgm.gov.tr/genel (Erişim tarihi: 04.03.2013).
• Bergeron, T., 1949. The problem of artificial control of rainfall on the globe. I. General Effects Of Ice-Nuclei In Clouds. Tellus, 1: 32-43.
• Biswas, K.R., Dennis, A.S., 1971. Formation of rain shower by salt seeding. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 10: 780-784.
• Bruintjes, R.T., 1999. A review of cloud seeding experiments to en- hance precipitation and some new prospects. Bulletin of Ame- rican Meteorology Society, 80: 805-820.
• Chernikov, A.A., 2012. Artificial rainfall. Central Aerological Ob- servatory, Roshydromet, Russia.
• Cotton, W.R., 1982. Modification of precipitation from warm clo- uds a review. Bulletin of American Meteorology Society, 63: 146-160.
• Elliott, R.D., 1986. Review of wintertime orographic cloud seeding. American Meteorology Society, 87-103.
• Holroyd, E.W., Super, A., Silverman, B., 1978. The practicability of dry ice for on-top seeding of convective clouds. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 17: 49-63.
• Klazura, G.E., Todd, C.J., 1978. A model of hygroscopic seeding in cumulus clouds. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 17: 1758- 1768.
• Manton, M.J., Warren, L., Kenyon, S.L., Peace, A.D., Bilish, S.P., Kemsley, K., 2011. A confirmatory snowfall enhancement project in the snowy mountains of Australia. Part I: Project de- sign and response variables. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 50: 1432-1447.
• Orville, H.D., 1996. A review of cloud modeling in weather mo- dification. Bulletin of American Meteorology Society, 77: 1535-1555.
• Pruppacher ,H.R., Klett, J.D., 1979. Microphysics of clouds and precipitation. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 105(446): 759-1095.
• Rosenfeld, D., Duncan A., William L.W., Ronen L., 2010. A quest for effective hygroscopic cloud seeding. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 49: 1548-1562.
• Seto, J., Tomine, K., Wakimizu, K., Nishiyama, K., 2011. Artifici- al cloud seeding using liquid carbon dioxide: comparisons of experimental data and numerical analyses. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 50(7): 1417-1431.
• Super, A.B., 1990. Winter Orographic cloud seeding status in the intermountain west. The Journal of Weather Modification 22: 106-116.
• Uduma, K., 2012. Using artificial rain to fight african droughts. http:// www.vanguardngr.com/2012 (Erişim tarihi: 04.03.2013).
• Young, K.C., 1996. Weather modification: A theoretician’s view- point. Bulletin of American Meteorology Society, 77: 2701- 2710.
• Yoshida Y., Murakami, M., Kurumizawa, Y., Kato, T., Hashimoto, A., , Yamazaki, T., Haneda, N. 2009. Evaluation of snow aug- mentation by cloud seeding for drought mitigation. Journal of Japan Society of Hydrology and Water Resources, 22(3): 209-222.