M26 Anacına Aşılı Farklı Elma Çeşitlerinde Slender Spindle ve Vertical Axis Terbiye Sistemlerinin Erken Dönem Performansı

Year 2014, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, 9 - 13, 30.09.2014

Emine Küçüker Yakup Özkan

Abstract

 Çalışma 2008-2009 yılları içerisinde, Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Araştırma ve Uygulama
Bahçesi’nde bulunan M26 anacına aşılı Gala, Granny Smith ve Breaburn elma çeşitlerinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada
2007 yılı Kasım ayında dikilen danlara Slender Spindle ve Vertical Axis terbiye sistemleri uygulanmıştır.
Tel-herek kombinasyonu üzerinde geliştirilen ağaçların; vegetatif gelişimi, verim ve meyve kalite performansları 2
yıl süreyle incelenmiştir. İkinci ürün yılında (2009), en yüksek verim değerleri Vertical Axis terbiye sisteminde ve
Gala çeşidinde saptanmıştır. Aynı yılda, Granny Smith çeşidi en yüksek gövde kesit alanı oluşturmuştur. Taç hacmi,
Vertical Axis sistemi ve Gala çeşidinde daha yüksek çıkmıştır. Meyve ağırlığı ve kimyasal özellikler yalnızca
çeşitler arasında farklılık göstermiştir.

Keywords

Elma, M26, terbiye sistemi, büyüme ve verim

Early Performance of Slender Spindle and Vertical Axis Training Systems in Different Apple Cultivars Grafted on M26 Apple Rootstock

Abstract

This study was carried out with Gala, Granny Smith and Breaburn apple cultivar grafted on M26 apple rootstock in Horticultural Department of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University during 2008-2009. Slender Spindle and Vertical Axis training systems were applied on the trees were planted in 2007 October. The vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality performances of the trees constituted on wire-stake combination system were analyzed during two years. In second yield year (2009), the highest yield values were detected on Vertical Axis training system and the Gala cultivar. At the same year, Granny Smith cultivar gave the highest values in trunk cross-sectional area. Canopy volume was higher in Vertical Axis system and Gala cultivar. Fruit mass and chemical properties showed difference only between varieties.

Keywords

Apple, M26, training system, growth and yield

References

• Antognozzi. E., Proietti, P., Famiani, F. 1993. Effects of rootstocks and training systems on growth and yield of two apple cultivars. Acta Horticulturae 349: 187-190.
• Barritt, B.H, 1987. Orchard systems research with Decidious trees: a. Brief ıntroduction, HortScience 22 (4): 548-549.
• Barritt, B. H., 1989. In uence of orchard system on canopy development, light ınterception and production of third year Granny Smith apple trees, Acta Horticulturae 243:121-131
• Barritt, B. H. 1992. Intensive Orchard Management, Good Fruit Grower. Yakima, WA.
• Barritt, B.H. 1998. Orchard management systems for fuji apples. Compact Fruit Tree 31(1): 10-12.
• Barritt, B. H. 2000. The hytec (hybrid tree cone) orchard system for apples. Acta Horticulturae 513: 303-309.
• Barritt, B.H., Konishi, B., Dilley, M. 2008. Performance of four high density apple orchard systems with Fuji and Braeburn, Acta Horticulturae 7772: 389-394.
• Buler, Z., Mika. A., Treder. W., Chlebowska, D. 2001. In uence of new training systems of dwarf and semidwarf apple trees on yield, ıts quality and canopy illumination. Acta Horticulturae 557: 253-259.
• Burak, M., Ergün, M.E., 2000. Sekizinci Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planı, Bitkisel Üretim Özel İhtisas Komisyonu, Meyvecilik Alt Komisyonu Elma Raporu, DPT, Ankara
• Callesen, O. 1993. In uence of apple tree height on yield and fruit quality. Acta Horticulturae 349: 111-115.
• Hampson, C., Quamme, H.A., Brownlee, R. 2002. Canopy growth, yield and fruit quality of Royal Gala apple trees grown for eight years in ve tree training systems. HortScience. 37: 627-631.
• Otaga, R. 1990. An 11-year trial of high density planting od apple trees. Cab. Abst. 06-0848 (C579883).
• Özçağıran, R., Ünal, A., Özeker, E., İsfendiyaroğlu, M., 2004. Ilıman iklim meyve türleri (yumuşak çekirdekli meyveler). Cilt:2, Ege Üniv. Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, No: 556, Bornova/İzmir
• Özkan, Y., 2004. Bodur Elma Yetiştiriciliğinde Türkiye Nereye Gidiyor ? Hasad Aylık Gıda, Tarım ve Hayvancılık Dergisi, 20(235):53-56
• Palmer, J.W. 1989. The effects of row orientation, tree height, time of year and latitude on light interception and distribution in model apple hedgerow canopies. Journal of Horticultural Science 64: 137-145.
• Peterson, A.B., 1989. Intensive Orcharding. Good Fruit Grower, Yakima, Wash.
• Robinson, T. L., Lakso A.N., Carpenter, S.G. 1991. Canopy development, yield, and fruit quality of ‘empire’ and ‘delicious’ apple trees grown in four orchard production systems for ten years. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science116:179-187.
• Szczygie, A., Mika, A. 2003. Effects of high density planting and two training methods of dwarf apple trees grown in sub- carpathian region. Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research 11:45-51
• Wertheim, S.J., Wagenmakers, P.S., Bootsma, J.H., Groot, M.J. 2001. Orchard systems for apple and pear: conditions for success. Acta Horticulturae 557: 209-227.
• Westwood, M.N., 1995. Temperate-Zone Pomology Physiology and Culture, Third Edition. Timber Press. Portland, Oregon
• Widmer, A., Krebs, C. 2001. In uence of planting density and tree form on yield and fruit quality of “Golden Delicious” and “Royal Gala” apples. Acta Horticulturae 557: 235-241.
• Yıldırım, F. 2002. M9 anacı üzerine aşılı bazı elma çeşitlerinde tek, çift ve üç sıralı dikim sistemlerinin karşılaştırılması, Doktora tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bil. Enst. Ankara.