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Sakarya Nehri’nde Lutra lutra Türünün Dağılımı: Yeni Lokalitelerin Belirlenmesi ve Habitat Koruma Stratejileri

Year 2025, Volume: 15 Issue: 3, 809 - 816, 01.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1657728

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Türkiye'nin memeli faunasının önemli bir bileşeni olan Avrasya su samurunun (Lutra lutra), Sakarya Nehri'nin oluşturduğu Bilecik ili sulak alan ekosistemlerindeki dağılımını araştırmayı ve bölgedeki biyolojik çeşitliliği etkileyen faktörleri belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Avrasya su samuru, IUCN tarafından risk altındaki türler arasında sınıflandırılmakta ve "Tehdide Yakın" (NT) olarak listelenmekte olup, habitat kaybı ve kirlilik gibi çeşitli tehditlerle karşı karşıyadır. Bu çalışmada, Bilecik ili sulak alanlarında, daha önce belirlenmiş uygun habitatlar göz önünde bulundurularak arazi çalışmaları yürütülmüştür. Dört mevsim boyunca gözlemler yapılmış ve Avrasya su samurunun tespiti için kullanılan, dışkı ve izler gibi dolaylı izleme yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca, araştırma sürecinde drone ve kameralar gibi teknolojik araçlardan yararlanılmıştır. Balıkçılar, avcılar ve çiftçiler dahil olmak üzere yerel halkın bilgileri toplanarak çalışmalar belirtilen bölgelerde yoğunlaşmıştır. Arazi çalışmaları sonucunda, su samuru yaşamı için dört potansiyel bölge belirlenmiş, ancak yalnızca iki lokasyonda tespit yapılabilmiştir. Bu araştırma, bölgedeki biyolojik çeşitliliğin önemini vurgulamakta ve Avrasya su samuru türünün korunmasına yönelik stratejilerin geliştirilmesine katkıda bulunabilir niteliktedir.

Project Number

1919B011903942

References

  • Atik, A. D., Öztekin, M., & Erkoç, F. (2010). Biyoçeşitlilik ve Türkiye'deki Endemik Bitkilere Örnekler. Gazi University Journal of Gazi Educational Faculty (GUJGEF), 30(1).
  • Bedford, S. J. (2009). The effects of riparian habitat quality and biological water quality on the European Otter (Lutra lutra) in Devon. Bioscience Horizons, 2(2), 125-133.
  • Bhattacharya, M., Watham, T., & Gopi, G. V. (2019). Photographic Records of Eurasian Otter (Lutra lutra Linnaeus, 1758) from Nyamjang Chu River, Arunachal Pradesh, India. IUCN Otter Spec. Group Bull, 36(2), 103-109.
  • Dettori, E. E. (2021). The Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) as an environmental bioindicator in relation to exotic invasive species: Giant reed (Arundo donax), Red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) and American mink (Neovison vison). Proyecto de investigación.
  • Dibbern, M., Elmeros, M., Dietz, R., Søndergaard, J., Michelsen, A., & Sonne, C. (2021). Mercury exposure and risk assessment for Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) in Denmark. Chemosphere, 272, 129608.
  • Duplaix, N., & Savage, M. (2022). The global otter conservation strategy. eScholarship, University of California.
  • Eker, B., Ünal, Y., & Koca, A. (2024). Köprülü Kanyon Milli Parkında su samuru-insan çatışması. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 25(4), 534-539.
  • Galanaki, A., Kominos, T., Zogaris, S., Gasteratos, I., & Lymberakis, P. (2019). Presence of the Eurasian otter Lutra lutra on the islands of Greece: a review. Folia Zoologica, 68(4), 246-252.
  • Güven, N. (2000). Türkiye Su samuru (Lutra lutra) projesi. Tabiat ve İnsan Dergisi, Ankara, 34(1), 32-36.
  • Heggberget, T. M., & Christensen, H. (1994). Reproductive timing in Eurasian otters on the coast of Norway. Ecography, 17(4), 339-348.
  • Karakaş, M. M., & Albayrak, İ. (2014). Bioecology of the Otter Lutra lutra in Kızılırmak River in Kırıkkale Province. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry, 42(3), 313-321.
  • Kruuk, H. (2006) Otters: ecology, behaviour and conservation. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
  • Lanszki, J., Bauer-Haáz, É. A., Széles, G. L., & Heltai, M. (2014). Diet and feeding habits of the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra): experiences from post mortem analysis. Mammal Study, 40(1), 1-11.
  • Leoncini, F., Semenzato, P., Di Febbraro, M., Loy, A., & Ferrari, C. (2023). Come back to stay: landscape connectivity analysis for the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) in the western Alps. Biodiversity and Conservation, 32(2), 653-669.
  • Loy, A., Kranz, A., Oleynikov, A., Roos, A., Savage, M., & Duplaix, N. (2022). Lutra lutra (amended version of 2021 assessment). The IUCN red list of threatened species, 2022.
  • Mousavi, S. P., Ramzanipour, M. M., & Vajargah, M. F. (2023). An Overview on Lutra lutra. Journal ISSN, 2766, 2276.
  • Ozkazanc, N. K., Ozay, E., Ozel, H. B., Cetin, M., & Sevik, H. (2019). The habitat, ecological life conditions, and usage characteristics of the otter (Lutra lutra L. 1758) in the Balikdami Wildlife Development Area. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 191, 1-8.
  • Özen, A., & Gündüz, M. (2015). A new record in distribution region of Otter (Lutra lutra) in Turkey. Gazi University Journal of Science, 28(3), 353-358.
  • Pamukoğlu, N. (2002). Kayseri Kızılırmak Su Samuru (Lutra lutra L. 1758) Populasyonunun Bazı Ekolojik Özellikleri. Su Samurunun Türkiye’deki Durumu II. Sempozyum, 21-22.
  • Roos, A., Loy, A., de Silva, P., Hajkova, P., & Zemanová, B. (2015). Lutra lutra. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: e. T12419A21935287.
  • Sergio, F., Caro, T., Brown, D., Clucas, B., Hunter, J., Ketchum, J., ... & Hiraldo, F. (2008). Top predators as conservation tools: ecological rationale, assumptions, and efficacy. Annual review of ecology, evolution, and systematics, 39(1), 1-19.
  • Sivasothi, N., & Nor, B. H. M. (1994). A review of otters (Carnivora: Mustelidae: Lutrinae) in Malaysia and Singapore (pp. 151-170). Springer Netherlands.
  • Toyran, K. (2010). Kırıkkale Kızılırmak su samuru, Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) yayılış alanlarının belirlenmesi. Doktora Tezi, Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Toyran, K., & Albayrak, I. (2019). Distribution and ecology of Lutra lutra (lınnaeus, 1758) ın Kızılırmak river (turkey). JAPS: Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 29(3).
  • Toyran, K., & Albayrak, İ. (2016). Avrasya Su samuru, Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758)’nın Türkiye’deki yayılış kayıtları. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 20(3), 575-578.
  • Turan, İ., Keten, A., Yorulmaz, T., Doğan, C., & Baştar, F. (2015). Abant Gölü’ündeki Su Samurunun (Lutra lutra) habitat tercihi. Ormancılık Araştırma Dergisi, 1(2 A), 51-56.
  • Ulutürk, S., & Yürümez, G. (2017). Türkiye’den yeni Lutra lutra Linnaeus, 1758 kayıtları. Commagene Journal of Biology, 1(1), 21-24.
  • Wang, Q. Y., Zheng, K. D., Han, X. S., He, F., Zhao, X., Fan, P. F., & Zhang, L. (2021). Site-specific and seasonal variation in habitat use of Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) in western China: implications for conservation. Zoological research, 42(6), 825.
  • Wang, Q. Y., Zheng, K. D., Han, X. S., He, F., Zhao, X., Fan, P. F., & Zhang, L. (2021). Site-specific and seasonal variation in habitat use of Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) in western China: implications for conservation. Zoological research, 42(6), 825.

Distribution of Eurasian Otter, Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) on the Sakarya River: Identification of New Localities and Habitat Conservation Strategies

Year 2025, Volume: 15 Issue: 3, 809 - 816, 01.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1657728

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the distribution of the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra), an important component of Türkiye's mammalian fauna, in the wetland ecosystems of Bilecik province, formed by the Sakarya River, and to identify the factors affecting biodiversity in the region. The Eurasian otter is classified as a species at risk by the IUCN and is listed as "Near Threatened" (NT), facing various threats such as habitat loss and pollution. In this study, fieldwork was conducted in the wetland areas of Bilecik province, taking into account previously identified suitable habitats. Observations were carried out over four seasons, and indirect monitoring methods such as spraint and footprint tracks were used to detect the presence of the Eurasian otter. Additionally, technological tools such as drones and cameras were utilized during the research process. Information from local people, including fishermen, hunters, and farmers, was collected, and the study focused intensively on the specified regions. As a result of the fieldwork, four potential regions for otter habitation were identified, but detection was only made in two locations. The research findings will significantly contribute to the development of effective management strategies for the conservation of otter populations in the region.

Ethical Statement

Bu araştırmada Etik Kurul Onayı gerekmemektedir.

Supporting Institution

2209-A Tübitak

Project Number

1919B011903942

Thanks

This study was supported by the TÜBİTAK 2209-A Project (1919B011903942). We would like to thank Prof. Dr. Refik Arıkan from the History Department at Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University for his contributions during the fieldwork.

References

  • Atik, A. D., Öztekin, M., & Erkoç, F. (2010). Biyoçeşitlilik ve Türkiye'deki Endemik Bitkilere Örnekler. Gazi University Journal of Gazi Educational Faculty (GUJGEF), 30(1).
  • Bedford, S. J. (2009). The effects of riparian habitat quality and biological water quality on the European Otter (Lutra lutra) in Devon. Bioscience Horizons, 2(2), 125-133.
  • Bhattacharya, M., Watham, T., & Gopi, G. V. (2019). Photographic Records of Eurasian Otter (Lutra lutra Linnaeus, 1758) from Nyamjang Chu River, Arunachal Pradesh, India. IUCN Otter Spec. Group Bull, 36(2), 103-109.
  • Dettori, E. E. (2021). The Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) as an environmental bioindicator in relation to exotic invasive species: Giant reed (Arundo donax), Red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) and American mink (Neovison vison). Proyecto de investigación.
  • Dibbern, M., Elmeros, M., Dietz, R., Søndergaard, J., Michelsen, A., & Sonne, C. (2021). Mercury exposure and risk assessment for Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) in Denmark. Chemosphere, 272, 129608.
  • Duplaix, N., & Savage, M. (2022). The global otter conservation strategy. eScholarship, University of California.
  • Eker, B., Ünal, Y., & Koca, A. (2024). Köprülü Kanyon Milli Parkında su samuru-insan çatışması. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 25(4), 534-539.
  • Galanaki, A., Kominos, T., Zogaris, S., Gasteratos, I., & Lymberakis, P. (2019). Presence of the Eurasian otter Lutra lutra on the islands of Greece: a review. Folia Zoologica, 68(4), 246-252.
  • Güven, N. (2000). Türkiye Su samuru (Lutra lutra) projesi. Tabiat ve İnsan Dergisi, Ankara, 34(1), 32-36.
  • Heggberget, T. M., & Christensen, H. (1994). Reproductive timing in Eurasian otters on the coast of Norway. Ecography, 17(4), 339-348.
  • Karakaş, M. M., & Albayrak, İ. (2014). Bioecology of the Otter Lutra lutra in Kızılırmak River in Kırıkkale Province. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry, 42(3), 313-321.
  • Kruuk, H. (2006) Otters: ecology, behaviour and conservation. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
  • Lanszki, J., Bauer-Haáz, É. A., Széles, G. L., & Heltai, M. (2014). Diet and feeding habits of the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra): experiences from post mortem analysis. Mammal Study, 40(1), 1-11.
  • Leoncini, F., Semenzato, P., Di Febbraro, M., Loy, A., & Ferrari, C. (2023). Come back to stay: landscape connectivity analysis for the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) in the western Alps. Biodiversity and Conservation, 32(2), 653-669.
  • Loy, A., Kranz, A., Oleynikov, A., Roos, A., Savage, M., & Duplaix, N. (2022). Lutra lutra (amended version of 2021 assessment). The IUCN red list of threatened species, 2022.
  • Mousavi, S. P., Ramzanipour, M. M., & Vajargah, M. F. (2023). An Overview on Lutra lutra. Journal ISSN, 2766, 2276.
  • Ozkazanc, N. K., Ozay, E., Ozel, H. B., Cetin, M., & Sevik, H. (2019). The habitat, ecological life conditions, and usage characteristics of the otter (Lutra lutra L. 1758) in the Balikdami Wildlife Development Area. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 191, 1-8.
  • Özen, A., & Gündüz, M. (2015). A new record in distribution region of Otter (Lutra lutra) in Turkey. Gazi University Journal of Science, 28(3), 353-358.
  • Pamukoğlu, N. (2002). Kayseri Kızılırmak Su Samuru (Lutra lutra L. 1758) Populasyonunun Bazı Ekolojik Özellikleri. Su Samurunun Türkiye’deki Durumu II. Sempozyum, 21-22.
  • Roos, A., Loy, A., de Silva, P., Hajkova, P., & Zemanová, B. (2015). Lutra lutra. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: e. T12419A21935287.
  • Sergio, F., Caro, T., Brown, D., Clucas, B., Hunter, J., Ketchum, J., ... & Hiraldo, F. (2008). Top predators as conservation tools: ecological rationale, assumptions, and efficacy. Annual review of ecology, evolution, and systematics, 39(1), 1-19.
  • Sivasothi, N., & Nor, B. H. M. (1994). A review of otters (Carnivora: Mustelidae: Lutrinae) in Malaysia and Singapore (pp. 151-170). Springer Netherlands.
  • Toyran, K. (2010). Kırıkkale Kızılırmak su samuru, Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) yayılış alanlarının belirlenmesi. Doktora Tezi, Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Toyran, K., & Albayrak, I. (2019). Distribution and ecology of Lutra lutra (lınnaeus, 1758) ın Kızılırmak river (turkey). JAPS: Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 29(3).
  • Toyran, K., & Albayrak, İ. (2016). Avrasya Su samuru, Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758)’nın Türkiye’deki yayılış kayıtları. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 20(3), 575-578.
  • Turan, İ., Keten, A., Yorulmaz, T., Doğan, C., & Baştar, F. (2015). Abant Gölü’ündeki Su Samurunun (Lutra lutra) habitat tercihi. Ormancılık Araştırma Dergisi, 1(2 A), 51-56.
  • Ulutürk, S., & Yürümez, G. (2017). Türkiye’den yeni Lutra lutra Linnaeus, 1758 kayıtları. Commagene Journal of Biology, 1(1), 21-24.
  • Wang, Q. Y., Zheng, K. D., Han, X. S., He, F., Zhao, X., Fan, P. F., & Zhang, L. (2021). Site-specific and seasonal variation in habitat use of Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) in western China: implications for conservation. Zoological research, 42(6), 825.
  • Wang, Q. Y., Zheng, K. D., Han, X. S., He, F., Zhao, X., Fan, P. F., & Zhang, L. (2021). Site-specific and seasonal variation in habitat use of Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) in western China: implications for conservation. Zoological research, 42(6), 825.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Population Ecology, Freshwater Ecology, Zoology (Other)
Journal Section Biyoloji / Biology
Authors

Tuba Yağcı Gurbanov 0000-0003-1705-5107

Mustafa Berat Meşe 0009-0009-8672-992X

Project Number 1919B011903942
Early Pub Date August 31, 2025
Publication Date September 1, 2025
Submission Date March 15, 2025
Acceptance Date April 16, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 15 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Yağcı Gurbanov, T., & Meşe, M. B. (2025). Distribution of Eurasian Otter, Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) on the Sakarya River: Identification of New Localities and Habitat Conservation Strategies. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 15(3), 809-816. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1657728
AMA Yağcı Gurbanov T, Meşe MB. Distribution of Eurasian Otter, Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) on the Sakarya River: Identification of New Localities and Habitat Conservation Strategies. J. Inst. Sci. and Tech. September 2025;15(3):809-816. doi:10.21597/jist.1657728
Chicago Yağcı Gurbanov, Tuba, and Mustafa Berat Meşe. “Distribution of Eurasian Otter, Lutra Lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) on the Sakarya River: Identification of New Localities and Habitat Conservation Strategies”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 15, no. 3 (September 2025): 809-16. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1657728.
EndNote Yağcı Gurbanov T, Meşe MB (September 1, 2025) Distribution of Eurasian Otter, Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) on the Sakarya River: Identification of New Localities and Habitat Conservation Strategies. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 15 3 809–816.
IEEE T. Yağcı Gurbanov and M. B. Meşe, “Distribution of Eurasian Otter, Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) on the Sakarya River: Identification of New Localities and Habitat Conservation Strategies”, J. Inst. Sci. and Tech., vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 809–816, 2025, doi: 10.21597/jist.1657728.
ISNAD Yağcı Gurbanov, Tuba - Meşe, Mustafa Berat. “Distribution of Eurasian Otter, Lutra Lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) on the Sakarya River: Identification of New Localities and Habitat Conservation Strategies”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 15/3 (September2025), 809-816. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1657728.
JAMA Yağcı Gurbanov T, Meşe MB. Distribution of Eurasian Otter, Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) on the Sakarya River: Identification of New Localities and Habitat Conservation Strategies. J. Inst. Sci. and Tech. 2025;15:809–816.
MLA Yağcı Gurbanov, Tuba and Mustafa Berat Meşe. “Distribution of Eurasian Otter, Lutra Lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) on the Sakarya River: Identification of New Localities and Habitat Conservation Strategies”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, vol. 15, no. 3, 2025, pp. 809-16, doi:10.21597/jist.1657728.
Vancouver Yağcı Gurbanov T, Meşe MB. Distribution of Eurasian Otter, Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) on the Sakarya River: Identification of New Localities and Habitat Conservation Strategies. J. Inst. Sci. and Tech. 2025;15(3):809-16.