Teknolojik Çözümlerden Yönetsel Dönüşüme: Havalimanı Yer Operasyonlarında Karbonsuzlaştırmanın Çok Boyutlu İncelenmesi

Abstract

Küresel havacılık sektöründe artan trafik hacmi ve iklim değişikliğiyle mücadeleye yönelik uluslararası hedefler, havalimanı operasyonlarının çevresel etkilerinin yeniden değerlendirilmesini gerekli kılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda havalimanı yer operasyonları, özellikle yer hizmetleri kapsamında kullanılan araç ve ekipmanlar nedeniyle, doğrudan kontrol edilebilir emisyon kaynakları arasında önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Buna karşın, mevcut literatürde karbonsuzlaştırma tartışmalarının büyük ölçüde uçuş operasyonlarına odaklandığı, yer operasyonlarının ise görece sınırlı biçimde ele alındığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışma, 2020–2025 yılları arasında yayımlanan akademik çalışmalar ve sektörel raporları inceleyerek, havalimanı yer operasyonlarında karbonsuzlaştırmaya yönelik araştırma eğilimlerini ve literatürdeki temel odak alanlarını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Web of Science, Scopus ve Google Akademik veri tabanlarında gerçekleştirilen tarama sonucunda elde edilen 263 yayından, konuya doğrudan odaklanan 66 çalışma ayrıntılı incelemeye dâhil edilmiştir. İncelenen çalışmalar; yer hizmetleri ekipmanlarının elektrifikasyonu, sürdürülebilir taksi uygulamaları ve dijitalleşme temaları çerçevesinde değerlendirilmiştir. Analiz bulguları, literatürde teknolojik çözümlerin çevresel etkilerine güçlü bir vurgu yapıldığını; buna karşılık bu çözümlerin ekonomik sürdürülebilirliği, altyapısal gereksinimleri ve farklı ölçeklerdeki havalimanlarına uygulanabilirliği gibi konuların yeterince derinlemesine ele alınmadığını göstermektedir. Bu çalışma, söz konusu eksiklikten hareketle, havalimanı yer operasyonlarında karbonsuzlaştırma sürecinin teknik boyutların ötesinde yönetsel ve yapısal bir dönüşüm olarak ele alınması gerektiğine dikkat çekmektedir.

Keywords

• Havalimanı yer operasyonları
• karbonsuzlaştırma
• yer hizmetleri ekipmanları (GSU)
• sürdürülebilir taksi
• operasyonel sürdürülebilirlik

Supporting Institution

Bu çalışma herhangi bir kurum, kuruluş veya fon tarafından desteklenmemiştir.

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma, insan veya hayvan denekler üzerinde herhangi bir deney, anket ya da gözlemsel veri toplama süreci içermemektedir. Çalışma tamamen açık erişimli ikincil kaynakların incelenmesine dayalıdır. Bu nedenle etik kurul izni gerekmemektedir. Araştırma sürecinde bilimsel ve akademik etik ilkelere uygun hareket edilmiştir.

From Technological Solutions to Managerial Transformation: A Multidimensional Review of Decarbonization in Airport Ground Operations

Abstract

The increasing traffic volume in global aviation and international climate commitments have intensified the need to reassess the environmental impacts of airport operations beyond flight activities. In this context, airport ground operations represent a critical area for decarbonization, as they constitute a set of emission sources that are largely under the direct control of airport operators. Despite this relevance, existing decarbonization debates in the aviation literature have predominantly focused on airborne operations, while ground operations have received comparatively limited attention. This study aims to identify prevailing research trends and thematic priorities related to the decarbonization of airport ground operations by reviewing academic studies and sectoral reports published between 2020 and 2025. A systematic search conducted across Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar resulted in 263 records, of which 66 studies directly addressing the topic were included in a qualitative content analysis. The reviewed literature was analyzed within three dominant thematic areas: electrification of ground service equipment, sustainable taxiing practices, and digitalization-based operational solutions. The findings indicate that existing studies place a strong emphasis on the environmental performance of technological solutions, particularly in terms of emission reduction potential. However, issues related to economic feasibility, infrastructural requirements, and applicability across different airport scales remain insufficiently explored. Building on these gaps, this review argues that decarbonization in airport ground operations should be conceptualized not merely as a technological shift, but as a broader managerial and structural transformation. The study contributes to the literature by highlighting the need for integrated approaches that combine technical innovation with operational and governance considerations.

Keywords

• Airport ground operations
• decarbonization
• ground service equipment (GSE)
• sustainable taxiing
• operational sustainability

Supporting Institution

This study did not receive any financial support from public, commercial, or non-profit organizations.

Ethical Statement

This study does not involve any experiments, surveys, or observational procedures with human or animal subjects. It is based solely on the review of publicly available secondary sources. Therefore, ethical approval is not required. The study was conducted in accordance with scientific and academic ethical principles.

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