Social Media Addiction in Primary School Teacher Candidates: What is the Role of Social Media Features and User Behaviours?

Year 2021, , 37 - 51, 18.06.2021

Ecem Seray Dağlı Yasin Eşme Deniz Mertkan Gezgin

https://doi.org/10.51960/jitte.901629

Abstract

The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between social media usage behaviors of primary school teacher candidates and their social media addiction levels. The study was designed using relational screening model. The study group is composed of 230 primary school teacher candidates from the education faculty of a state school in the school year of 2018-2019. With a view to establishing differences between the groups, independent sampling t-test and ANOVA test were used and Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between the variables. Data obtained through the analysis suggests that while there is a significant difference between the groups in terms of the variables of gender, duration of daily social media use and frequency of daily social media account check, no significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of social media addiction based on year grades. In addition, the outcome of the correlation analysis demonstrates a weak positive correlation between the respective social media account and the level of social media addiction and a moderate positive correlation between the number of stories posted from social media accounts per month and the level of social media addiction. The findings were discussed throughout the article and some suggestions were offered.

Keywords

social media, addiction, teacher candidates, user behaviours

References

• Afacan, O., & Ozbek, N. (2019). Investigation of Social Media Addiction of High School Students. International Journal of Educational Methodology, 5(2), 235-245.
• Aktan, E. (2018). Üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal medya bağımlılık düzeylerinin çeşitli değişkenlere göre incelenmesi. Erciyes İletişim Dergisi, 5(4), 405-421.
• Al-Menayes, J. (2015). Psychometric properties and validation of the Arabic social media addiction scale. Journal of addiction, 2015.
• Altin, M., & Kivrak, A. O. (2018). The Social Media Addiction among Turkish University Students. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 6(12), 13-20.
• Andreassen, C. S., Torsheim T., Brunborg, G. S., & Pallesen, S. (2012). Development of a Facebook addiction scale. Psychological Reports, 110(2), 501-517. doi:10.2466/02.09.18.PR0.110.2.501-517.
• Aydın, M., & Çelik, T. (2017). Investigation of Social Media Usage and Satisfaction of Social Studies Student Teachers. Eğitim Kuram ve Uygulama Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 82-97.
• Balakrishnan, J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017). Social media addiction: What is the role of content in YouTube?. Journal of behavioral addictions, 6(3), 364-377.
• Balcı, Ş., & Baloğlu, E. (2018). Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı ile Depresyon Arasındaki İlişki:" Üniversite Gençliği Üzerine Bir Saha Araştırması". Iletişim, (29).
• Balcı, Ş., Bekiroğlu, O., & Karaman, S. Y. (2019). Self-Esteem as a Predictor of Social Media Addiction: A Case Study in Konya. İletişim Kuram ve Araştırma Dergisi, (48).
• Baltaci, Ö. (2019). The Predictive Relationships between the Social Media Addiction and Social Anxiety, Loneliness, and Happiness. International Journal of Progressive Education, 15(4), 73-82.
• Bányai, F., Zsila, Á., Király, O., Maraz, A., Elekes, Z., Griffiths, M. D., ... & Demetrovics, Z. (2017). Problematic social media use: Results from a large-scale nationally representative adolescent sample. PLoS One, 12(1), e0169839.
• Bassiouni, D. H., & Hackley, C. (2014). ‘Generation Z’ children’s adaptation to digital consumer culture: A critical literature review. Journal of Customer Behaviour, 13(2), 113e133.
• Baş, K., & Diktaş, A. (2020). Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretmen Adaylarının Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı. Inonu University Journal of the Faculty of Education (INUJFE), 21(1).
• Baz, F. Ç. (2018). Social Media Addiction: Study on University Students. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 9(16), 276-295.
• Berigel, M., Kokoc, M., & Karal, H. (2012). Exploring pre-service teachers' level of social networking sites addictive tendencies. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 49/A, 215-228
• Bilgin, M. (2018). Ergenlerde sosyal medya bağımlılığı ve psikolojik bozukluklar arasındaki ilişki. The Journal of International Scientific Researches, 3(3), 237-247.
• Brandtzæg, P. B., & Heim, J. (2009, July). Why people use social networking sites. In International conference on online communities and social computing (pp. 143-152). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
• Casale, S. and Fioravanti, G. (2018). Why Narcissists are at Risk for Developing Facebook Addiction: The Need to be Admired and the need to belong. Addictive Behaviors (76), 312-318.
• Casale, S., Rugai, L., & Fioravanti, G. (2018). Exploring the role of positive metacognitions in explaining the association between the fear of missing out and social media addiction. Addictive behaviors, 85, 83-87.
• Çam, E., & İşbulan, O. (2012). A new addiction for teacher candidates: Social networks. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 11(3), 14-19.
• Çelen, Y. (2018). Öğretmen Adaylarının Sosyal Ağlara Yönelik Tutumlarının Bu Ağların Eğitim Ortamlarında Kullanılmasına Yönelik Görüşlerine Etkisi. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 26(4), 1179-1185.
• Çiftçi, H. (2018). Üniversite öğrencilerinde sosyal medya bağımlılığı. MANAS Journal of Social Studies, 7(4).
• Cömlekci, M. F., & Basol, O. (2019). Gençlerin Sosyal Medya Kullanım Amaçları ile Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı İlişkisinin İncelenmesi. Celal Bayar University Journal of Social Sciences, 17(4).
• Demir, Y., & Kumcağız, H. (2019). Investigating the Effects of Several Variables on University Students’ Social Media Addiction. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 9(52).
• Deniz, L., & Gürültü, E. (2018). Lise öğrencilerinin sosyal medya bağımlılıkları. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 26(2), 355-367.
• Dijilopedi, February 2020. 2020 Dünya İnternet, Sosyal Medya ve Mobil Kullanım İstatistikleri, Accessed from https://dijilopedi.com/2020-dunya-internet-sosyal-medya-ve-mobil-kullanim-istatistikleri/ on 05.12.2020.
• Eroğlu, O., & Yıldırım, Y. (2017). Examining the Relationship between the Purpose of Using Social Media Networks Addiction and Sleep Quality. Turkish Journal of Sports Science, 1(1), 1-10.
• Eşer, A. K., & Alkaya, S. A. (2019). Examination of Nursing Students’ Social Media Addiction and Fear of Evading Developments. University of Health Sciences Journal of Nursing, 1(1), 27-36.
• Gezgin, D. M., & Mihci, C. (2020). Smartphone Addiction in Undergraduate Athletes: Reasons and Effects of Using Instagram Intensively. International Journal of Technology in Education and Science, 4(3), 188-202.
• Gezgin, D. M., Hamutoglu, N. B., Gemikonakli, O., & Raman, I. (2017). Social networks users: fear of missing out in preservice teachers. Journal of Education and Practice, 8(17), 156-168.
• Griffiths, M. (2005). A ‘components’ model of addiction within a biopsychosocial framework. Journal of Substance Use, 10, 191–197.
• Griffiths, M. D., & Kuss, D. (2017). Adolescent social media addiction (revisited). Education and Health, 35(3), 49-52.
• Grau, S., Kleiser, S., & Bright, L. (2019). Exploring social media addiction among student Millennials. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal.
• Gul, S., & Diken, E. H. (2018). An investigation of the preservice science teachers’ social media addictions. E-Kafkas Journal of Educational Research, 5(1), 41-50.
• Hamutoglu, N. B., Topal, M., & Gezgin, D. M. (2020). Investigating Direct and Indirect Effects of Social Media Addiction, Social Media Usage and Personality Traits on FOMO. International Journal of Progressive Education, 16(2), 248-261.
• Hawi, N. S., & Samaha, M. (2017). The relations among social media addiction, self-esteem, and life satisfaction in university students. Social Science Computer Review, 35(5), 576-586.
• Hoşgör, H., Koç Tütüncü, S., Gündüz Hoşgör, D. ve Tandoğan, Ö. (2017). Examination in terms of different variables of prevalence of fear of missing out among college students. International Journal of Academic Value Studies, 3(17), 213-223.
• Hou, Y., Xiong, D., Jiang, T., Song, L., & Wang, Q. (2019). Social media addiction: Its impact, mediation, and intervention. CyberPsychology: Journal of psychosocial research on cyberspace, 13(1).
• Karadağ, A., & Akçinar, B. (2019). The Relationship between Social Media Addiction and Psychological Symptoms in University Students. Journal of Dependence, 20(3), 154-166.
• Karadoğan, A. (2019). Z Kuşağı ve Öğretmenlik Mesleği. Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5 (2), 9-41.
• Karaman, M. K., & Kurtoğlu, M. (Şubat-2009). Öğretmen adaylarının internet bağımlılığı hakkındaki görüşleri. Akademik Bilişim Konferansı, Harran Üniversitesi, Şanlıurfa, 11-13.
• Karasar, N. (2005). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi, (15. Basım), Nobel Yayın Dağıtım: Ankara.
• Kır, İ., & Sulak, Ş. (2014). Eğitim Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin İnternet Bağımlılık Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(51), 150-167.
• Kırcaburun, K. (2016). Self-Esteem, Daily Internet Use and Social Media Addiction as Predictors of Depression among Turkish Adolescents. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(24), 64-72.
• Kırık, A., Arslan, A., Çetinkaya, A., & Mehmet, G. (2015). A quantitative research on the level of social media addiction among young people in Turkey. International Journal of Sport Culture and Science, 3(3), 108-122.
• Kırnık, D., Pepeler, E., & Özbek, R. (2018). The Attitude of Teacher Candidates Concerning Social Media Usage: Malatya City Sample. MANAS Journal of Social Studies, 7(1), 25-45.
• Koc, T., & Akbiyik, A. (2020). Social Network Sites (SNS) and Their Irrepressible Popularity: Can They Really Cause an Addiction?. In Managing Social Media Practices in the Digital Economy (pp. 234-263). IGI Global.
• Köse, Ö. B., & Doğan, A. (2019). The Relationship between Social Media Addiction and Self-Esteem among Turkish University Students. Addicta Turk. J. Addict, 6, 175-190.
• Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. (2011). Online Social Networking and Addiction—A Review of the Psychological Literature. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (8), 3528-3552.
• Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017). Social networking sites and addiction: Ten lessons learned. International journal of environmental research and public health, 14(3), 311.
• Makeawebsitehub, (2020). “95+ Social Networking Sites You Need To Know About”, Accessed https://makeawebsitehub.com/social-media-sites/ on 12.11.2020.
• Monacis, L., De Palo, V., Griffiths, M. D., & Sinatra, M. (2017). Social networking addiction, attachment style, and validation of the Italian version of the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 6(2), 178-186.
• Nakaya, A. C. (2015). Internet and social media addiction. Webology, 12(2), 1-3.
• Olowu, A. O., & Seri, F. O. (2012). A study of social network addiction among youths in Nigeria. Journal of Social Science and Policy Review, 4(1), 63-71.
• Özgür, H. (2013). Analyzing the relationship between social networking addiction, interaction anxiousness and levels of loneliness of pre-service teachers. Journal of Human Sciences, 10(2), 667-690.
• Polat R. Dijital Hastalık Olarak Nomofobi. Yeni Medya Elektronik Dergisi. 2017;1(2):164–72.
• Przybylski AK, Murayama K, & DeHaan CR. (2013). Motivational, emotional, and behavioral correlates of Fear of Missing Out. Computer Human in Behaviours, 29(4):1841-1848.
• Şahin, C. (2017). The Predictive Level of Social Media Addiction for Life Satisfaction: A Study on University Students. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 16(4), 120-125.
• Sanal - Özcan, Y., & Özer, Ö. (2017). Smartphone addiction and the use of social media among university students. Mediterranean Journal of Humanities, 7(2), 367-377.
• Savci, M., Ercengiz, M., & Aysan, F. (2018). Turkish adaptation of the Social Media Disorder Scale in adolescents. Archives of Neuropsychiatry, 55(3), 248.
• Seemiller, C., & Grace, M. (2016). Generation Z goes to college. John Wiley & Sons.
• Serdar, E., Harmandar Demirel, D., & Demirel, M. (2018). Üniversite öğrencilerinin facebook kullanımı ile yalnızlık düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 11(60), 1402- 1409.
• Sevilla, C. (2 August 2012). Social network addiction and your next case. Attorney Journal. Accessed from http://attorneyjournalsd.com/blog/2012/08/02/ social-network-addiction-and-your-next-case/ on 07.12.2020.
• Sladek, S. & Grabinger, A. (2013). Gen Z: the first generation of the 21st century has arrived!, Accessed from http://xyzuniversity.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/GenZ_Final.pdf on 04.12.2020.
• Sözkesen, M. E., & Biçer, S. (2018). Instagram’da Sosyal Kıyaslama, Benlik Saygısı ve Yaşam Doyumu İlişkisi: Fırat Üniversitesi Üzerinde Bir İnceleme. Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, (29. Özel Sayısı), 302-326.
• Sun, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2020). A Review of Theories and Models Applied in Studies of Social Media Addiction and Implications for Future Research. Addictive Behaviors, 106699, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106699.
• TUIK, (2019). 2019 yılı Türkiye Nüfus Dağılımı İstatistikleri, Accessed from https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=nufus-ve-demografi-109&dil=1 on 05.12.2020.
• Tutgun Ünal, A. (2015). Social Media Addiction: A Research on University Students. (Doctoral thesis), Marmara University Sosyal Science Institute, İstanbul.
• Tutgun-Ünal, A. (2019). Social Media Addiction of Communication Faculty Students: Üsküdar University Sample. Kastamonu İletişim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2019(2).
• Tutgun-Ünal, A. (2020). Social Media Addiction of New Media and Journalism Students. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 19(2), 1-12.
• Yaman, Ç. (2016). Facebook Addiction Levels of Students in the Physical Education and Sport Department. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology, 4(2), 1-7.
• Yesilyurt, F., & Turhan, N. S. (2020). Prediction of the time spent on Instagram by social media addiction and life satisfaction. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 15(2), 208-219.
• Yıldırım S., & Kişioğlu A. (2018). Teknolojinin getirdiği yeni hastalıklar: nomofobi, netlessfobi, fomo. SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi; 25(4): 473-480.
• Yılmazsoy, B., & Kahraman, M. (2017). Addiction to Social Media and Usage of the Social Media for Educational Purposes: The Facebook Example. Journal of Instructional Technologies & Teacher Education, 6(1), 9-20.
• Ucer, N. (2016). Kullanımlar Ve Doyumlar Yaklaşımı Bağlamında Gençlerin Sosyal Media Kullanımına Yönelik Niteliksel Bir Araştırma. Global Media Journal: Turkish Edition, 6(12).
• Uzun, Ö., Yıldırım, V., & Uzun, E. (2016). Habit of Using Social Media and Correlation of Social Media Addiction, Self Esteem, Perceived Social Support in Adolescent with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 10(3).
• Uztemur, S. (2020). The Medıatıng Role of Academic Procrastınatıon Behaviours in the Relationshıp between Pre-Service Social Studies Teachers’ social Medıa Addiction and Academic Success. International Journal of Education Technology and Scientific Researches, 5(11), 63-101.
• We are social, (2018). Digital in 2018, Accessed from https://wearesocial/digital-in-2018-global-overview-86860338 on 05.12.2020.
• We are social, (2020). Digital 2020, Accessed from https://wearesocial.com/digital-2020 on 05.12.2020.
• Zorbaz O. (2013). Analysis of Problematic Internet Use of High School Students in Terms of Social Anxiety and Peer Relations. (Master thesis), Hacettepe University Social Science Institute, Ankara.