THE EFFECT OF R & D SPENDING ON THE MIDDLE INCOME TRAP: PANEL DATA ANALYSIS FOR THE EU AND TURKEY
Abstract
he literature discusses middle-income trap as middle income group of countries can not
reach high income group. This problem arises from inability to create sufficient infrastructure during
their development process. Therefore countries attempt to increase technological infrastructure-based
R&D to reach high income group of countries. This study aims to assess the role R&D on MIT for
European Union and Turkey. In this paper effect of R&D on MIT was investigated for EU-28
(Luxembourg, Denmark, Swedish, Netherlands, Austria, Finland, Germany, Belgium, Ireland, France,
England, Italy, Spain, Cyprus, Slovenia, Greece, Portugal, Malta, Czech Republic, Estonia, Slovak
Republic, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Croatia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria) and Turkey. Relationship
among per capita income, R&D and savings were analyzed by using Westerlund Bootstrap Westerlund
Durbin-Hausman cointegration and Hacker and Hatemi-J bootstrap causality in panel data analysis.
The result of the study concludes a long term relationship among variables. A unidirectional causality
was found from per capita income to R & D. But no causality effect was found from R & D to per
capita income and between other variables as well.
Keywords
References
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Details
Primary Language
Turkish
Subjects
-
Journal Section
Research Article
Authors
Publication Date
October 31, 2016
Submission Date
August 11, 2016
Acceptance Date
-
Published in Issue
Year 2016 Volume: 3 Number: 4