THE EFFECT OF R & D SPENDING ON THE MIDDLE INCOME TRAP: PANEL DATA ANALYSIS FOR THE EU AND TURKEY
Abstract
he literature discusses middle-income trap as middle income group of countries can not
reach high income group. This problem arises from inability to create sufficient infrastructure during
their development process. Therefore countries attempt to increase technological infrastructure-based
R&D to reach high income group of countries. This study aims to assess the role R&D on MIT for
European Union and Turkey. In this paper effect of R&D on MIT was investigated for EU-28
(Luxembourg, Denmark, Swedish, Netherlands, Austria, Finland, Germany, Belgium, Ireland, France,
England, Italy, Spain, Cyprus, Slovenia, Greece, Portugal, Malta, Czech Republic, Estonia, Slovak
Republic, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Croatia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria) and Turkey. Relationship
among per capita income, R&D and savings were analyzed by using Westerlund Bootstrap Westerlund
Durbin-Hausman cointegration and Hacker and Hatemi-J bootstrap causality in panel data analysis.
The result of the study concludes a long term relationship among variables. A unidirectional causality
was found from per capita income to R & D. But no causality effect was found from R & D to per
capita income and between other variables as well.
Keywords
Kaynakça
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Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
Türkçe
Konular
-
Bölüm
Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar
Yayımlanma Tarihi
31 Ekim 2016
Gönderilme Tarihi
11 Ağustos 2016
Kabul Tarihi
-
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 2016 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 4