Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Developing a Mobile Teacher Education Application: A Delphi Method Approach

Year 2025, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 1017 - 1037, 29.10.2025
https://doi.org/10.31464/jlere.1722802

Abstract

In the digital age, the demand for accessible, flexible, and pedagogically sound teacher education has intensified, yet mobile-based solutions tailored specifically for teacher training remain limited. This study proposes a mobile application model for English language teacher education, developed through expert consensus using the Delphi method. Eleven ELT specialists participated in three iterative rounds, beginning with open-ended questions and followed by systematic evaluation of proposed features. The initial analysis yielded 65 potential features, which were refined to 28 essential components through expert agreement. These features were categorized into design-related and content-related elements, emphasizing core language skills (speaking, listening, reading, writing), adaptable content for diverse contexts, and the need for a user-friendly, technically robust interface). Findings offer a validated, pedagogically grounded foundation for developing mobile applications tailored to English language teacher training.
Key words: mobile learning, teacher education, English Language Teaching, Delphi

References

  • Al-Said, K. (2023). Influence of teacher on student motivation: Opportunities to increase motivational factors during mobile learning. Education and Information Technologies, 28, 13439–13457. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11720-.
  • Alisoy, H., & Sadiqzade, Z. (2024). Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL):Revolutionizing Language Education. Luminis Applied Science and Engineering, 1(1), 60-72. https://doi.org/10.69760/lumin.202400002
  • Anderson, T., & Kanuka, H. (2003). E-research: Methods, strategies, and issues. Allyn & Bacon.
  • Annamalai, N., Alsalhi, N. R., Eltahir, M. E., Zakarneh, B. M., Yunus, K., & Zyoud, S. H. (2025). A Qualitative Investigation of WhatsApp Interaction for English Language Grammar Learning. SAGE Open, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251315528
  • Aratusa,Z. A.; Suriaman, A.; Darmawan, D.; Marhum, M.; Rofiqoh, R.; Nurdin, N. (2022). Students’ perceptions on the use of Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL) in Learning Pronunciation. International Journal of Current Science Research and Review, 5(7), 2652-2660
  • Aygül, S. Ö. (2019). Pre-service EFL teachers’ current practices and perceptions of mobile-assisted language learning. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Ankara: Middle East Technical University.
  • Azar, A. S., & Nasiri, H. (2014). Learners’ attitudes toward the effectiveness of Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) in L2 listening comprehension. Procedia-Social Behavioral Sciences,98, 1836-1843. https//doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.03.613
  • Baran, E. (2014). A review of research on mobile learning in teacher education. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 17(4), 17–32. http://www.jstor.org/stable/jeductechsoci.17.4.17
  • Bogdan, R. C., & Biklen, S. K. (2007). Qualitative Research for Education (5th edition).London: Pearson
  • Bonasir, I. M. & Phern, C. V. S. (2024). Tesl Pre-Service Teachers' Knowledge of Mobile-Assisted Language Learning Use to Acquite English Vocabulary: A Survey. Jurnal Paradigma, 28(2).
  • Burden, K. (2015). A model of mobile knowledge-building with apps for pre-service teacher education. In Apps, Technology and Younger Learners, N. Kucirkova & G. Falloon (Eds). (pp.253-266), Taylor & Francis.
  • Burden, K. & Kearney, M. (2018). Designing an educator toolkit for the mobile learning age. International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning (IJMBL), IGI Global, 10(2), 88-99.
  • Bülbül, A.E., Özelçi, S.Y. (2025). The mediating role of mobile learning motivation in the relationship between pre-service teachers’ digital literacy and pre-service teacher identity. Education and Information and Technologies, 30, 1729–1743. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-12868-9
  • Cohen, L., Manion, L. & Morrison, K. (2007). Research Methods in Education (6th Ed). Routledge.
  • Çakmak, F. (2019). Mobile learning and mobile assisted language learning in focus. Language and Technology, 1(1), 30-48.
  • Dahri, N.A., Yahaya, N., Al-Rahmi, W.M., Almogren, A.S., Vighio, M. S. (2024). Investigating factors affecting teachers' training through mobile learning: Task technology fit perspective. Education and Information Technologies, 29, 14553–14589. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-12434-9
  • Dichev, C., & Dicheva, D. (2017). Gamifying education: What is known, what is believed, and what remains uncertain. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 14(1), 1-36. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-017-0042-5
  • Delbecq, A. L., Van de Ven, A. H. & Gustafson, D. H. (1975). Group techniques for program planning: A guide to nominal group and delphi processes. Scott, Foresman and Company.
  • Ekanayake, S. Y., & Wishart, J. (2014). Integrating mobile phones into teaching and learning: A case study of teacher training through professional development workshops. British Journal of Educational Technology, 46(1), 173-189. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12131
  • Golzar, J. , Noor, S. and Tajik, O. (2022). Convenience Sampling. International Journal of Education & Language Studies, 1(2), 72-77. doi: 10.22034/ijels.2022.162981.
  • Gumbheer, C.P., Khedo, K.K. & Bungaleea, A. (2022). Personalized and adaptive context-aware mobile learning: Review, challenges and future directions. Education and Information Technologies, 27, 7491–7517. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-10942-8.
  • Hafour M. F. (2022). The effects of MALL training on preservice and in-service EFL teachers’ perceptions and use of mobile technology. ReCALL. 34(3):274-290. doi:10.1017/S0958344022000015
  • Hamari, J., Koivisto, J., & Sarsa, H. (2014). Does gamification work? A literature review of empirical studies on gamification. Proceedings of the 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 3025-3034. https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2014.377
  • Helmer, O., (1977). Problems in futures research: Delphi and causal cross-impact analysis. Futures, 9(1), 17-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-3287(77)90049-0.
  • Hişmanoğlu, M., Ersan, Y., & Çolak, R. (2017). Mobile assisted language teaching from preparatory program EFL teachers’ perspectives. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 6(2), 223-238.
  • Ishaq, K., Rosdi, F., Zin, N. A. M., & Abid, A. (2020). Usability and design issues of Mobile Assisted Language Learning Application. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications11(6). http://dx.doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2020.0110611
  • Jahangiri, M., & A. B. Rajab. (2014). Defining facilitative anxiety in strategic terms: A delphi study. Journal of American Science 10 (1), 74–80.
  • Johnson, K. E., & Golombek, P. R. (2020). Informing and transforming language teacher education pedagogy. Language Teaching Research, 24(1), 116-127. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168818777539
  • Kearney M., Schuck S., Burden K., & Aubusson P. (2012). Viewing mobile learning from a pedagogical perspective. Research in Learning Technology, 20.https://doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v20i0.14406
  • Kearney, M., & Maher, D. (2013). Mobile learning in math teacher education: Using iPads to support pre-service teachers’ professional development. Australian Educational Computing, 27(3), 76–84.
  • Kearney, M., & Maher, D. (2019). Mobile learning in pre-service teacher education: Examining the use of professional learning networks. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 35(1). https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.4073
  • Koçdar, S., & C. H. Aydın. (2012). Transnational Open and Distance Learning: A Framework for Turkey as an Importer Country. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3 (14), 223 -232.
  • Kukulska-Hulme, A. (2021). Reflections on research questions in mobile assisted language learning. Journal of China Computer-Assisted Language Learning, 1(1), 28-46. https://doi.org/10.1515/jccall-2021-2002
  • Kukulska-Hulme, A., & Shield, L. (2008). An overview of Mobile Assisted Language Learning: From content delivery to supported collaboration and interaction. ReCALL, 20, 271-289.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0958344008000335
  • Kuru Gönen, S. İ., & Zeybek, G. (2022). Training on multimodal mobile-assisted language learning: a suggested model for pre-service EFL teachers. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 37(7), 2202–2223. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2022.2157016
  • Kumar, B. A. &Mohite, P. (2016). Usability guideline for mobile learning apps: an empirical study. International Journal of Mobile Learning and Organisation, 10 (4), 223-237.
  • Louhab, F.E., Bahnasse, A. & Talea, M. (2018). Considering mobile device constraints and context-awareness in adaptive mobile learning for flipped classroom. Education and Information Technologies, 23, 2607–2632. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-018-9733-3
  • Maliphol, S. (2023). Mobile━Assisted Language Teaching: A Systematic Review with Implications for Southeast Asia. Journal of Southeast Asian Economies, 39, 102–119. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27211218
  • Metruk, R. (2024). Mobile-assisted language learning and pronunciation instruction: A systematic literature review. Education and Information Technologies, 29, 16255–16282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-12453-0
  • Mitchell, V. W. (1991). The delphi technique: An exposition and application. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 3 (4), 333–358. doi:10.1080/09537329108524065.
  • Muchnik-Rozanov, Y., Frei-Landau, R. 6 Avidov-Ungar, O. (2022). Mobile-learning adoption in teacher education amidst COVID-19: Identifying two critical stages by exploring teachers’ emotions. Frontiers Education, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.1077989
  • Nariyati, N. P. L., Sudirman, S., & Pratiwi, N. P. A. (2020). EFL pre-service teachers’ perception toward the use of mobile-assisted language learning in teaching English. International Journal of Language Education, 4(2), 38-47. https://doi.org/10.26858/ijole.v4i2.10052
  • Nation, I. S. P. & Macalister, J. (2010). Language Curriculum Design. Routledge.
  • OECD. (2018). The future of education and skills: Education 2030. OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd.org/en/about/projects/future-of-education-and-skills-2030.html.
  • Öz, H. (2015). An investigation of pre-service English teachers’ perceptions of mobile assisted language learning. English Language Teaching, 8(2), 22-34. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v8n2p22
  • Pasarıbu, T. A., & Wulandarı, M. (2021). EFL teacher candidates’ engagement in mobile-assisted flipped classroom. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 22(3), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.961774
  • Pegrum, M., Howitt, C., & Striepe, M. (2013). Learning to take the tablet: how pre-service teachers use iPads to facilitate their learning. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 29(4).
  • Rahi, S. (2017). Research design and methods: A systematic review of research paradigms, sampling issues and instruments development. International Journal of Economics &Management Sciences, 6(2), 1-5. https://doi/10.4172/2162-6359.1000403
  • Rahimi, M., & Miri, S. S. (2014). The impact of mobile dictionary use on language learning. Procedia– Social and Behavioral Sciences, 98, 1469–1474. https//doi.org/ 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.03.567
  • Richards, J. C. (2010). Competence and Performance in Language Teaching. RELC Journal, 41(2), 101-122. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033688210372953.
  • Rowe, G. & Wright, G. (2011). The Delphi technique: Past, present, and future prospects. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 78(9), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2011.09.002.
  • Ruhalahti, S., Korhonen, A-M. & Rasi, P. (2017) Authentic, dialogical knowledge construction: a blended and mobile teacher education programme, Educational Research, 59(4), 373-390, https://doi.org// 10.1080/00131881.2017.1369858
  • Ruhalahti, S., Korhonen, A-M., &Ruokamo, H. (2016). The Dialogical Authentic Netlearning Activity (DIANA) model for collaborative knowledge construction in MOOC. The Online Journal of Distance Education and e-Learning 4 (2), 58–67. https://www.tojdel.net/journals/ tojdel/volumes/tojdel-volume04-i02.pdf
  • Saffie, N. A. M. , Shukor, N. M. & Rasmani, K. A. (2016). Fuzzy delphi method: Issues and challenges. Paper presented in International Conference on Logistics, Informatics and Service Sciences (LISS), Sydney, NSW, Australia, https://doi.org//10.1109/LISS.2016.7854490.
  • Schön, D. A. (1983). The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action. Basic Books. Sharples, M., Spikol, D. (2017). Mobile Learning. In: Duval, E., Sharples, M., Sutherland, R. (eds) Technology Enhanced Learning. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02600-8_8
  • Seppälä, P. P., & Alamäki, H. H. (2003). Mobile learning in teacher training. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 19(3), 330–335.
  • Şad, S. N., & Göktaş, Ö. (2014). Pre-service teachers' perceptions about using mobile phones and laptops in education as mobile learning tools. British Journal of Educational Technology, 45(4), 606-618. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12064
  • Suominen, A., Hajikhani, A., Ahola, A., Kurogi, Y., Urashima, K. (2022). A quantitative and qualitative approach on the evaluation of technological pathways: A comparative national-scale Delphi study, Futures, 140, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2022.102967.
  • UNESCO (2013). Policy guidelines for Mobile Learning.http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002196/219641e.pdf
  • UNESCO. (2017). A guide for ensuring inclusion and equity in education. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000248254
  • Uztosun, M. S. (2018). Professional competences to teach English at primary schools in Turkey: a Delphi study. European Journal of Teacher Education, 41(4), 549–565. https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2018.1472569.
  • Zain, D. S. M. & Bowles, F. A. (2024). What do our future EFL teachers think about using mobile devices in class? Applied Research in English Education, 2(1).

Mobil Öğretmen Eğitimi Uygulaması Geliştirme: Delphi Yöntemi Yaklaşımı

Year 2025, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 1017 - 1037, 29.10.2025
https://doi.org/10.31464/jlere.1722802

Abstract

Dijital çağda, erişilebilir, esnek ve pedagojik açıdan nitelikli öğretmen eğitimi talebi artmıştır, ancak öğretmen eğitimi için özel olarak tasarlanmış mobil tabanlı çözümler hala sınırlıdır. Bu çalışma, Delphi yöntemi kullanılarak uzmanların mutabakatıyla geliştirilen İngilizce öğretmen eğitimi için bir mobil uygulama modeli önermektedir. On bir İngilizce eğitimi uzmanı, açık uçlu sorularla başlayan ve önerilen özelliklerin sistematik değerlendirmesiyle devam eden üç turda yer almıştır. İlk analizde 65 potansiyel özellik ortaya çıkmış, bunlar uzmanların mutabakatıyla 28 temel bileşene indirgenmiştir. Bu özellikler, tasarımla ilgili ve içerikle ilgili unsurlar olarak kategorize edilmiş, temel dil becerileri (konuşma, dinleme, okuma, yazma), çeşitli bağlamlara uyarlanabilir içerik ve kullanıcı dostu, teknik olarak sağlam bir arayüz ihtiyacı vurgulanmıştır. Bulgular, İngilizce öğretmen eğitimi için özel olarak tasarlanmış mobil uygulamalar geliştirmek için geçerli, pedagojik temelli bir temel sunmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: mobil öğrenme, öğretmen eğitimi, İngilizce öğretimi, Delphi

References

  • Al-Said, K. (2023). Influence of teacher on student motivation: Opportunities to increase motivational factors during mobile learning. Education and Information Technologies, 28, 13439–13457. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11720-.
  • Alisoy, H., & Sadiqzade, Z. (2024). Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL):Revolutionizing Language Education. Luminis Applied Science and Engineering, 1(1), 60-72. https://doi.org/10.69760/lumin.202400002
  • Anderson, T., & Kanuka, H. (2003). E-research: Methods, strategies, and issues. Allyn & Bacon.
  • Annamalai, N., Alsalhi, N. R., Eltahir, M. E., Zakarneh, B. M., Yunus, K., & Zyoud, S. H. (2025). A Qualitative Investigation of WhatsApp Interaction for English Language Grammar Learning. SAGE Open, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251315528
  • Aratusa,Z. A.; Suriaman, A.; Darmawan, D.; Marhum, M.; Rofiqoh, R.; Nurdin, N. (2022). Students’ perceptions on the use of Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL) in Learning Pronunciation. International Journal of Current Science Research and Review, 5(7), 2652-2660
  • Aygül, S. Ö. (2019). Pre-service EFL teachers’ current practices and perceptions of mobile-assisted language learning. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Ankara: Middle East Technical University.
  • Azar, A. S., & Nasiri, H. (2014). Learners’ attitudes toward the effectiveness of Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) in L2 listening comprehension. Procedia-Social Behavioral Sciences,98, 1836-1843. https//doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.03.613
  • Baran, E. (2014). A review of research on mobile learning in teacher education. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 17(4), 17–32. http://www.jstor.org/stable/jeductechsoci.17.4.17
  • Bogdan, R. C., & Biklen, S. K. (2007). Qualitative Research for Education (5th edition).London: Pearson
  • Bonasir, I. M. & Phern, C. V. S. (2024). Tesl Pre-Service Teachers' Knowledge of Mobile-Assisted Language Learning Use to Acquite English Vocabulary: A Survey. Jurnal Paradigma, 28(2).
  • Burden, K. (2015). A model of mobile knowledge-building with apps for pre-service teacher education. In Apps, Technology and Younger Learners, N. Kucirkova & G. Falloon (Eds). (pp.253-266), Taylor & Francis.
  • Burden, K. & Kearney, M. (2018). Designing an educator toolkit for the mobile learning age. International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning (IJMBL), IGI Global, 10(2), 88-99.
  • Bülbül, A.E., Özelçi, S.Y. (2025). The mediating role of mobile learning motivation in the relationship between pre-service teachers’ digital literacy and pre-service teacher identity. Education and Information and Technologies, 30, 1729–1743. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-12868-9
  • Cohen, L., Manion, L. & Morrison, K. (2007). Research Methods in Education (6th Ed). Routledge.
  • Çakmak, F. (2019). Mobile learning and mobile assisted language learning in focus. Language and Technology, 1(1), 30-48.
  • Dahri, N.A., Yahaya, N., Al-Rahmi, W.M., Almogren, A.S., Vighio, M. S. (2024). Investigating factors affecting teachers' training through mobile learning: Task technology fit perspective. Education and Information Technologies, 29, 14553–14589. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-12434-9
  • Dichev, C., & Dicheva, D. (2017). Gamifying education: What is known, what is believed, and what remains uncertain. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 14(1), 1-36. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-017-0042-5
  • Delbecq, A. L., Van de Ven, A. H. & Gustafson, D. H. (1975). Group techniques for program planning: A guide to nominal group and delphi processes. Scott, Foresman and Company.
  • Ekanayake, S. Y., & Wishart, J. (2014). Integrating mobile phones into teaching and learning: A case study of teacher training through professional development workshops. British Journal of Educational Technology, 46(1), 173-189. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12131
  • Golzar, J. , Noor, S. and Tajik, O. (2022). Convenience Sampling. International Journal of Education & Language Studies, 1(2), 72-77. doi: 10.22034/ijels.2022.162981.
  • Gumbheer, C.P., Khedo, K.K. & Bungaleea, A. (2022). Personalized and adaptive context-aware mobile learning: Review, challenges and future directions. Education and Information Technologies, 27, 7491–7517. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-10942-8.
  • Hafour M. F. (2022). The effects of MALL training on preservice and in-service EFL teachers’ perceptions and use of mobile technology. ReCALL. 34(3):274-290. doi:10.1017/S0958344022000015
  • Hamari, J., Koivisto, J., & Sarsa, H. (2014). Does gamification work? A literature review of empirical studies on gamification. Proceedings of the 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 3025-3034. https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2014.377
  • Helmer, O., (1977). Problems in futures research: Delphi and causal cross-impact analysis. Futures, 9(1), 17-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-3287(77)90049-0.
  • Hişmanoğlu, M., Ersan, Y., & Çolak, R. (2017). Mobile assisted language teaching from preparatory program EFL teachers’ perspectives. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 6(2), 223-238.
  • Ishaq, K., Rosdi, F., Zin, N. A. M., & Abid, A. (2020). Usability and design issues of Mobile Assisted Language Learning Application. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications11(6). http://dx.doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2020.0110611
  • Jahangiri, M., & A. B. Rajab. (2014). Defining facilitative anxiety in strategic terms: A delphi study. Journal of American Science 10 (1), 74–80.
  • Johnson, K. E., & Golombek, P. R. (2020). Informing and transforming language teacher education pedagogy. Language Teaching Research, 24(1), 116-127. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168818777539
  • Kearney M., Schuck S., Burden K., & Aubusson P. (2012). Viewing mobile learning from a pedagogical perspective. Research in Learning Technology, 20.https://doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v20i0.14406
  • Kearney, M., & Maher, D. (2013). Mobile learning in math teacher education: Using iPads to support pre-service teachers’ professional development. Australian Educational Computing, 27(3), 76–84.
  • Kearney, M., & Maher, D. (2019). Mobile learning in pre-service teacher education: Examining the use of professional learning networks. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 35(1). https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.4073
  • Koçdar, S., & C. H. Aydın. (2012). Transnational Open and Distance Learning: A Framework for Turkey as an Importer Country. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3 (14), 223 -232.
  • Kukulska-Hulme, A. (2021). Reflections on research questions in mobile assisted language learning. Journal of China Computer-Assisted Language Learning, 1(1), 28-46. https://doi.org/10.1515/jccall-2021-2002
  • Kukulska-Hulme, A., & Shield, L. (2008). An overview of Mobile Assisted Language Learning: From content delivery to supported collaboration and interaction. ReCALL, 20, 271-289.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0958344008000335
  • Kuru Gönen, S. İ., & Zeybek, G. (2022). Training on multimodal mobile-assisted language learning: a suggested model for pre-service EFL teachers. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 37(7), 2202–2223. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2022.2157016
  • Kumar, B. A. &Mohite, P. (2016). Usability guideline for mobile learning apps: an empirical study. International Journal of Mobile Learning and Organisation, 10 (4), 223-237.
  • Louhab, F.E., Bahnasse, A. & Talea, M. (2018). Considering mobile device constraints and context-awareness in adaptive mobile learning for flipped classroom. Education and Information Technologies, 23, 2607–2632. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-018-9733-3
  • Maliphol, S. (2023). Mobile━Assisted Language Teaching: A Systematic Review with Implications for Southeast Asia. Journal of Southeast Asian Economies, 39, 102–119. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27211218
  • Metruk, R. (2024). Mobile-assisted language learning and pronunciation instruction: A systematic literature review. Education and Information Technologies, 29, 16255–16282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-12453-0
  • Mitchell, V. W. (1991). The delphi technique: An exposition and application. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 3 (4), 333–358. doi:10.1080/09537329108524065.
  • Muchnik-Rozanov, Y., Frei-Landau, R. 6 Avidov-Ungar, O. (2022). Mobile-learning adoption in teacher education amidst COVID-19: Identifying two critical stages by exploring teachers’ emotions. Frontiers Education, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.1077989
  • Nariyati, N. P. L., Sudirman, S., & Pratiwi, N. P. A. (2020). EFL pre-service teachers’ perception toward the use of mobile-assisted language learning in teaching English. International Journal of Language Education, 4(2), 38-47. https://doi.org/10.26858/ijole.v4i2.10052
  • Nation, I. S. P. & Macalister, J. (2010). Language Curriculum Design. Routledge.
  • OECD. (2018). The future of education and skills: Education 2030. OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd.org/en/about/projects/future-of-education-and-skills-2030.html.
  • Öz, H. (2015). An investigation of pre-service English teachers’ perceptions of mobile assisted language learning. English Language Teaching, 8(2), 22-34. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v8n2p22
  • Pasarıbu, T. A., & Wulandarı, M. (2021). EFL teacher candidates’ engagement in mobile-assisted flipped classroom. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 22(3), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.961774
  • Pegrum, M., Howitt, C., & Striepe, M. (2013). Learning to take the tablet: how pre-service teachers use iPads to facilitate their learning. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 29(4).
  • Rahi, S. (2017). Research design and methods: A systematic review of research paradigms, sampling issues and instruments development. International Journal of Economics &Management Sciences, 6(2), 1-5. https://doi/10.4172/2162-6359.1000403
  • Rahimi, M., & Miri, S. S. (2014). The impact of mobile dictionary use on language learning. Procedia– Social and Behavioral Sciences, 98, 1469–1474. https//doi.org/ 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.03.567
  • Richards, J. C. (2010). Competence and Performance in Language Teaching. RELC Journal, 41(2), 101-122. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033688210372953.
  • Rowe, G. & Wright, G. (2011). The Delphi technique: Past, present, and future prospects. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 78(9), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2011.09.002.
  • Ruhalahti, S., Korhonen, A-M. & Rasi, P. (2017) Authentic, dialogical knowledge construction: a blended and mobile teacher education programme, Educational Research, 59(4), 373-390, https://doi.org// 10.1080/00131881.2017.1369858
  • Ruhalahti, S., Korhonen, A-M., &Ruokamo, H. (2016). The Dialogical Authentic Netlearning Activity (DIANA) model for collaborative knowledge construction in MOOC. The Online Journal of Distance Education and e-Learning 4 (2), 58–67. https://www.tojdel.net/journals/ tojdel/volumes/tojdel-volume04-i02.pdf
  • Saffie, N. A. M. , Shukor, N. M. & Rasmani, K. A. (2016). Fuzzy delphi method: Issues and challenges. Paper presented in International Conference on Logistics, Informatics and Service Sciences (LISS), Sydney, NSW, Australia, https://doi.org//10.1109/LISS.2016.7854490.
  • Schön, D. A. (1983). The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action. Basic Books. Sharples, M., Spikol, D. (2017). Mobile Learning. In: Duval, E., Sharples, M., Sutherland, R. (eds) Technology Enhanced Learning. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02600-8_8
  • Seppälä, P. P., & Alamäki, H. H. (2003). Mobile learning in teacher training. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 19(3), 330–335.
  • Şad, S. N., & Göktaş, Ö. (2014). Pre-service teachers' perceptions about using mobile phones and laptops in education as mobile learning tools. British Journal of Educational Technology, 45(4), 606-618. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12064
  • Suominen, A., Hajikhani, A., Ahola, A., Kurogi, Y., Urashima, K. (2022). A quantitative and qualitative approach on the evaluation of technological pathways: A comparative national-scale Delphi study, Futures, 140, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2022.102967.
  • UNESCO (2013). Policy guidelines for Mobile Learning.http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002196/219641e.pdf
  • UNESCO. (2017). A guide for ensuring inclusion and equity in education. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000248254
  • Uztosun, M. S. (2018). Professional competences to teach English at primary schools in Turkey: a Delphi study. European Journal of Teacher Education, 41(4), 549–565. https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2018.1472569.
  • Zain, D. S. M. & Bowles, F. A. (2024). What do our future EFL teachers think about using mobile devices in class? Applied Research in English Education, 2(1).
There are 62 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects English As A Second Language
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Kübra Okumuş Dağdeler 0000-0002-3781-3182

Early Pub Date October 29, 2025
Publication Date October 29, 2025
Submission Date June 19, 2025
Acceptance Date August 14, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 11 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Okumuş Dağdeler, K. (2025). Developing a Mobile Teacher Education Application: A Delphi Method Approach. Dil Eğitimi Ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11(2), 1017-1037. https://doi.org/10.31464/jlere.1722802