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Collaboration, Digital Tools, and AI in Academic Writing: Student Experiences, Challenges, and Perspectives

Year 2025, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 1038 - 1059, 29.10.2025
https://doi.org/10.31464/jlere.1729531

Abstract

Recent digital technologies have influenced different educational practices. This study investigates students’ experiences, challenges and perspectives on collaborative writing and digital tools. Thirty-one students in an English Language Teaching program participated in the study. The data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, chat logs, reflective writing and classroom observations. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The findings revealed that students had initially a positive attitude towards collaborative writing and digital tools, yet they faced significant challenges while handling collaboration and conflicts. Furthermore, they demonstrated a fluid approach to collaboration, shifting between positive and negative perspectives. ChatGPT provided additional support by offering suggestions and feedback during collaborative writing. Students had various expectations of digital tools, from practical benefits to concerns about ethical issues and overreliance. The study has implications for academic writing in similar contexts, which can be facilitated by collaborative practices and the use of novel digital tools.

Keywords: Academic writing, collaborative writing, digital tools, AI tools, ChatGPT

References

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  • Pham, V. P. H. (2021). The effects of collaborative writing on students’ writing fluency: An efficient framework for collaborative writing. Sage Open, 11(1), 2158244021998363. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244021998363
  • Rambe, P., & Bere, A. (2013). Using mobile instant messaging to leverage learner participation and transform pedagogy at a South African University of Technology. British Journal of Educational Technology, 44(4), 544-561. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12057
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  • Sang, Z., & Zou, W. (2023). The effect of joint production on the accuracy and complexity of second language writing. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 52(2), 425-443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-022-09882-8
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Akademik Yazmada İşbirliği, Dijital Araçlar ve Yapay Zeka: Öğrenci Deneyimleri ve Algıları

Year 2025, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 1038 - 1059, 29.10.2025
https://doi.org/10.31464/jlere.1729531

Abstract

Son dijital teknolojiler farklı eğitim uygulamalarını etkilemektedir. Bu çalışma öğrencilerin işbirliğine dayalı yazma ve dijital araçlara ilişkin deneyimlerini, yaşadıkları zorlukları ve bakış açılarını araştırmaktadır. İngilizce Öğretmenliği programındaki otuz bir öğrenci çalışmaya katılmıştır. Veriler anketler, görüşmeler, sohbet kayıtları, yansıtıcı yazma ve sınıf gözlemleri yoluyla toplanmıştır. Veriler betimleyici istatistikler ve tematik analiz kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, öğrencilerin başlangıçta işbirliğine dayalı yazmaya ve dijital araçlara karşı olumlu bir tutuma sahip olduklarını, ancak iş birliği ve çatışmalarla başa çıkarken önemli zorluklarla karşılaştıklarını ortaya koymuştur. Dahası, olumlu ve olumsuz bakış açıları arasında değişen iş birliğine karşı değişken bir yaklaşım sergilemişlerdir. ChatGPT, iş birliğine dayalı yazma sırasında öneriler ve geri bildirimler sunarak ek destek sağlamıştır. Öğrencilerin dijital araçlardan, pratik faydalar, etik sorunlar ve aşırı güven konusundaki endişeler gibi çeşitli beklentileri gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışmanın, iş birlikçi uygulamalar ve yeni dijital araçların kullanımı açısından benzer bağlamlardaki akademik yazma konularında sonuçları bulunmaktadır.

Anahtar kelimeler: Akademik yazma, iş birliğine dayalı yazma, dijital araçlar, yapay zeka araçları, ChatGPT

References

  • Alkhalaf, N. A. (2020). Saudi female EFL learners and collaborative writing: attitudes and challenges. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 10(9), 1118-1127. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1009.16
  • Alsahil, A. (2025). Exploring students’ perceptions and affordances of Google docs-supported collaborative writing. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 19(1), 64-82. https://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2024.2326030
  • Altınmakas, D., & Bayyurt, Y. (2019). An exploratory study on factors influencing undergraduate students’ academic writing practices in Turkey. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 37, 88-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2018.11.006
  • Anderson, T., and Garrison, D.R. (1998). Learning in a networked world: New roles and responsibilities. In C. Gibson (Ed.), Distance Learners in Higher Education (p. 97-112). Madison, WI.: Atwood Publishing.
  • Bird, E., Fox-Skelly, J., Jenner, N., Larbey, R., Weitkamp, E. & Winfield, A. (2020). The ethics of artificial intelligence: Issues and initiatives. European Parliamentary Research Service. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/634452/EPRS_STU%282020%29634452_EN.pdf? utm_source=chatgpt.com#page=83.11
  • Chen, W., & Yu, S. (2019). A longitudinal case study of changes in students’ attitudes, participation, and learning in collaborative writing. System, 82, 83-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2019.03.005
  • Creswell, J. W., & Clark, V. L. P. (2017). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Sage publications.
  • Dobao, A. F., & Blum, A. (2013). Collaborative writing in pairs and small groups: Learners’ attitudes and perceptions. System, 41(2), 365–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2013.02.002
  • Donato, R. (1988). Beyond group: A psycholinguistic rationale for collective activity in second language learning (Order No. 8904593). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (303711939). https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/beyond-group-psycholinguistic-rationale/docview/303711939/se-2
  • Dornyei, Z. (2007). Research methods in applied linguistics. Oxford university press.
  • Elola, I., & Oskoz, A. (2010). Collaborative writing: Fostering foreign language and writing conventions development. Language Learning and Teaching, 14(3), 51-71.
  • Garrison, D. R., Anderson, T., & Archer, W. (1999). Critical inquiry in a text-based environment: Computer conferencing in higher education. The Internet and Higher Education, 2(2-3), 87-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1096-7516(00)00016-6
  • Guo, H., Yi, W., & Liu, K. (2024). Enhancing constructivist learning: The role of generative AI in personalised learning experiences. In J. Filipe, M. Śmiałek, A. Brodsky & S. Hammoudi (Eds.), Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems (ICEIS 2024) - Vol. 1 (pp. 767-770), Scitepress. https://doi.org/10.5220/0012688700003690
  • Hogenhout, L. (2021). A framework for ethical AI at the United Nations. arXiv preprint arXiv:2104.12547. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.12547
  • Jayasinghe, S. (2024). Promoting active learning with ChatGPT: A constructivist approach in Sri Lankan higher education. Journal of Applied Learning and Teaching, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2024.7.2.26
  • Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2005). New developments in social interdependence theory. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 131(4), 285-358. https://doi.org/10.3200/MONO.131.4.285-358
  • Khatri, B. B., & Karki, P. D. (2023). Artificial intelligence (AI) in higher education: Growing academic integrity and ethical concerns. Nepalese Journal of Development and Rural Studies, 20(01), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3126/njdrs.v20i01.64134
  • Kim, T. W. (2023). Application of artificial intelligence chatbots, including ChatGPT, in education, scholarly work, programming, and content generation and its prospects: a narrative review. Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions, 20, 38. https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2023.20.38
  • Kim, M., & Adlof, L. (2024). Adapting to the future: ChatGPT as a means for supporting constructivist learning environments. TechTrends, 68(1), 37-46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-023-00899-x
  • Kinder, A., Briese, F. J., Jacobs, M., Dern, N., Glodny, N., Jacobs, S., & Leßmann, S. (2025). Effects of adaptive feedback generated by a large language model: A case study in teacher education. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 8, 100349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100349
  • Lapkin, S., Swain, M., & Smith, M. (2002). Reformulation and the learning of French pronominal verbs in a Canadian French immersion context. The Modern Language Journal, 86(4), 485-507. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-4781.00157
  • Li, Y. (2023). The effect of online collaborative writing instruction on enhancing writing performance, writing motivation, and writing self-efficacy of Chinese EFL learners. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1165221. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1165221
  • Lin, O. P., & Maarof, N. (2013). Collaborative writing in summary writing: Student perceptions and problems. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 90, 599-606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.07.131
  • Luther, T., Kimmerle, J., & Cress, U. (2024). Teaming up with an AI: Exploring human–AI collaboration in a writing scenario with ChatGPT. AI, 5(3), 1357–1376. https://doi.org/10.3390/ai5030065
  • Mahapatra, S. (2024). Impact of ChatGPT on ESL students’ academic writing skills: A mixed methods intervention study. Smart Learning Environments, 11(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-024-00295-9
  • Mohebi, L. (2024). Empowering learners with ChatGPT: insights from a systematic literature exploration. Discover Education, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-024-00120-y
  • Mutwarasibo, F. (2013). Supporting the Development of Students' Academic Writing through Collaborative Process Writing. Journal of Instructional Pedagogies, 11. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1097171.pdf
  • O’Donnell, A. M. & Hmelo-Silver, C. E. (2013). What is collaborative learning? An overview. In C. E. Hmelo-Silver, C. A. Chinn, C.l K. K. Chan, & A. M. O’Donnell (Eds.), The international handbook of collaborative learning (pp. 1-15), Routledge.
  • Pham, V. P. H. (2023). The impacts of collaborative writing on individual writing skills. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 52(4), 1221-1236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-023-09939-2
  • Pham, V. P. H. (2021). The effects of collaborative writing on students’ writing fluency: An efficient framework for collaborative writing. Sage Open, 11(1), 2158244021998363. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244021998363
  • Rambe, P., & Bere, A. (2013). Using mobile instant messaging to leverage learner participation and transform pedagogy at a South African University of Technology. British Journal of Educational Technology, 44(4), 544-561. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12057
  • Rothbauer, P. M. (2008). Triangulation. In L. M. Given (Ed.), The SAGE encyclopedia of qualitative research methods (pp. 892-894). Sage.
  • Sang, Z., & Zou, W. (2023). The effect of joint production on the accuracy and complexity of second language writing. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 52(2), 425-443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-022-09882-8
  • Stojanov, A. (2023). Learning with ChatGPT 3.5 as a more knowledgeable other: An autoethnographic study. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 20(1), 35. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-023-00404-7
  • Storch, N. (2001). An investigation into the nature of pair work in an ESL classroom and its effect on grammatical development. [Doctoral dissertation, The University of Melbourne].
  • Storch, N. (2002). Patterns of interaction in ESL pair work. Language learning, 52(1), 119-158. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9922.00179
  • Storch, N. (2013). Collaborative writing in L2 classrooms (Vol. 31). Multilingual Matters.
  • Storch, N. (2019). Collaborative writing. Language Teaching, 52(1), 40-59. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444818000320
  • Swain, M. (2000). The output hypothesis and beyond: Mediating acquisition through collaborative dialogue. In J. P. Lantolf (Ed.), Sociocultural theory and second language learning (pp. 97-114). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Swain, M. (2006) Languaging, Agency and collaboration in advanced second language proficiency. In H. Byrnes (Ed.), Advanced Language Learning: The Contribution of Halliday and Vygotsky (pp. 95-108). London: Continuum.
  • Swain, M., Lapkin, S., Knouzi, I., Suzuki, W., & Brooks, L. (2009). Languaging: University students learn the grammatical concept of voice in French. The Modern Language Journal, 93(1), 5-29. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40264126
  • Tammaro, S. G., Mosier, J. N., Goodwin, N. C., & Spitz, G. (1997). Collaborative writing is hard to support: A field study of collaborative writing. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW), 6, 19-51. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008636321493
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There are 60 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects English As A Second Language
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Mehmet Kanık 0000-0002-1737-7678

Early Pub Date October 29, 2025
Publication Date October 29, 2025
Submission Date June 30, 2025
Acceptance Date August 10, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 11 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kanık, M. (2025). Collaboration, Digital Tools, and AI in Academic Writing: Student Experiences, Challenges, and Perspectives. Dil Eğitimi Ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11(2), 1038-1059. https://doi.org/10.31464/jlere.1729531