İzmit Körfezi Dip Çamurlarının Genleştirilmiş Kil Agregası Üretimi İçin Hammadde Olarak Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, İzmit Körfezi’nden elde edilen dip çamurunun herhangi bir katkı gerektirmeden genleşmiş kil agregası (GKA) üretimi için uygunluğu araştırılmıştır. Numunenin kimyasal ve mineralojik özellikleri XRF ve XRD analizleri ile belirlenmiş; albit, kuvars, muskovit, kalsit ve faujasit tipi zeolitin çamur içindeki baskın fazlar olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu fazların yüksek sıcaklıklarda geçirdiği dönüşümlerin peletlerde gaz oluşumu ve gözenek çekirdeklenmesi üzerinde etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Farklı sıcaklık (500-1200 °C) ve iki bekletme süresi (5 ve 10 dakika) altında gerçekleştirilen ısıl işlem deneyleri, dip çamurundan üretilen peletlerin 1050-1100 °C aralığında en dengeli iç yapıya ve en yüksek mekanik performansa ulaştığını göstermiştir. Bu koşullarda yaklaşık 1.5 g/cm³ birim hacim ağırlığı, %11-15 su emme oranı ve 3-4 MPa pelet dayanımı elde edilmiştir. Buna karşılık 1150 °C ve üzerindeki sıcaklıklarda gözenek çapının büyümesi, gözenek birleşmelerinin artması ve kabuk incelmesi gibi morfolojik değişimler gözlenmiş; bu durum mekanik dayanımda belirgin bir düşüşle sonuçlanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, İzmit Körfezi dip çamurunun uygun ısıl işlem koşulları altında katkısız hafif agrega üretimi için değerlendirilebilecek bir hammadde olduğunu göstermektedir.

Keywords

• Genleştirilmiş kil agregası
• Dip çamuru
• Hafif agrega
• Atık Yönetimi
• Isıl işlem

Evaluation of Dredged Sediments from the İzmit Gulf as a Raw Material for Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregates

Abstract

In this study, the suitability of dredged sediment obtained from the Gulf of İzmit for the production of lightweight expanded clay aggregates (LECA) without any additional raw materials was investigated. The chemical and mineralogical characteristics of the sediment were determined using XRF and XRD analyses, which revealed that albite, quartz, muscovite, calcite and minor amounts of faujasite, a type of zeolite, were the dominant phases. The high-temperature transformations of these phases were found to influence gas release and pore nucleation within pellets. Thermal treatment experiments conducted at various temperatures (500-1200 °C) and two dwell times (5 and 10 minutes) demonstrated that the pellets exhibited the most stable internal structure and the highest mechanical performance within the 1050-1100 °C temperature range. Under these conditions, the produced aggregates had approximately 1.5 g/cm³ particle density, 11-15% water absorption, and 3-4 MPa pellet strength. In contrast, temperatures of 1150 °C and above led to noticeable morphological changes, including enlarged and merged pores and thinning of the outer shell, resulting in significant reductions in mechanical strength. The findings indicate that the sediment dredged from the Gulf of İzmit can be utilized as a viable raw material for lightweight aggregate production when processed with appropriate thermal treatment.

Keywords

• Expanded clay aggregates
• dredged sediment
• lightweight aggregate
• waste management
• thermal treatment

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