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Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Anaerobic Bloodstream Infections: A 10 Years Study

Year 2018, Volume: 08 Issue: 04, 135 - 139, 15.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.493845

Abstract

Objective: The majority of patients with anaerobic bloodstream
infections (BSIs) do not receive appropriate empirical antimicrobial treatment
as this infection remains unsuspected on clinical basis. This study determines
the incidence rate, the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of
anaerobes causing BSIs in East Sussex Healthcare Trust, England.



Methods: It
is a retrospective study from July 2007 to July 2017. Demographic and
laboratory data were collected on all microbiologically proven anaerobic BSIs.



Results:
During the study period, 106,905 blood cultures were processed in the
laboratory. A total of 324 anaerobic organisms were isolated from 312 blood
cultures on 310 patients (167 males), representing a positivity rate of 0.30%
of total blood cultures and 2.41% of total positive blood cultures (13,425).
Approximately 76% (238 episodes) of anaerobic bacteremia occurred in >60
years old (236) patients. The admitting services were: emergency department
(ED) (42%), medical (25%), surgical (16%) critical care unit (7%), and
hematology (5%). The most frequent isolates were Bacteroides spp. (42%),
Clostridium spp. (24%), and
Propionibacterium spp. (9%).  Polymicrobial bloodstream infections were
recorded in 45 episodes. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, metronidazole, clindamycin
remained most effective antibiotics against anaerobes with a sensitivity rate
of 93%, 92%, and 81% respectively. Penicillin was least sensitive (43%) against
anaerobes.



Conclusions: This study highlights a low rate of anaerobic
bacteremia during 10 years with Bacteroides
spp. as the predominant organism.
This study also confirms that the empirical antibiotic therapy used in our
hospital remains appropriate as more than 92% isolates were sensitive to
amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and metronidazole. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 8(4): 135-139

References

  • 1. Finegold SM. Overview of clinically important anaerobes. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 20 (Suppl. 2):S205e7. 2. Goldstein EJ. Anaerobic bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis 1996; 23:S97-S101. 3. Dorsher CW, Rosenblatt JE, Wilson WR, Ilstrup DM. Anaerobic bacteremia: decreasing rate over a 15-year period. Rev Infect Dis 1991; 13(4):633-636. 4. Lassmann B, Gustafson DR, Wood CM, Rosenblatt JE. Reemergence of anaerobic bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 44: 895-900. 5. Robert R, DeRaignac A, Le Moal G, Ragot S, Grollier G. Prognostic factors and impact of antibiotherapy in 117 cases of anaerobic bacteraemia. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 27:671-678. 6. Blairon L, De Gheldre Y, Delaere B, Sonet A, Bosly A, Glupczynski Y. A 62-month retrospective epidemiological survey of anaerobic bacteraemia in a university hospital. Clin Microbiol Infect 2006; 12(6):527-32. 7. Kim J, Lee Y, Park Y, et al. Anaerobic bacteremia: impact of inappropriate therapy on mortality. Infect Chemother 2016; 48:91-98. 8. Goldstein E, Citron D, Resistance trends in antimicrobial susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria, Part i. Clin Microbiol Newsl 2011; 33:1-8. 9. Liu C, Huang Y, Liao C, Yen L, Lin H, Hsueh P. Increasing trends in antimicrobial resistance among clinically important anaerobes and Bacteroides fragilis isolates causing nosocomial infections: emerging resistance to carbapenems. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008; 52:3161-3168. 10. The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). http://www.eucast.org/ 11. Ortiz E, Sande MA. Routine use of anaerobic blood cultures: are they still indicated? Am J Med 2000; 108 (6):445-447. 12. Weinstein MP, Towns ML, Quartey SM, et al. The clinical significance of positive blood cultures in the 1990s: a prospective comprehensive evaluation of the microbiology, epidemiology, and outcome of bacteremia and fungemia in adults. Clin Infect Dis 1997; 24(4):584-602. 13. Zahar JR, Farhat H, Chachaty E, Meshaka P, Antoun S, Nitenberg G. Incidence and clinical significance of anaerobic bacteraemia in cancer patients: a 6-year retrospective study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2005; 11(9): 724-729. 14. Karunakaran R, Raja NS, Quek KF, Hoe VC, Navaratnam P. Evaluation of the routine use of the anaerobic bottle when using the BACTEC blood culture system. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2007; 40(5): 445-449. 15. Tan T, Ng L, Kwan L, Rao S, Eng L. Clinical characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibilities of anaerobic bacteremia in an acute care hospital. Anaerobes 2017; 43: 69-74. 16. Benjamin B, Kan M, Schwartz D, Siegman-Igra Y. The possible significance of Clostridium spp. in blood cultures. Clin Microbiol Infect 2006; 12:1006-1012. 17. Redondo MC, Arbo MD, Grindlinger J, Snydman DR. Attributable mortality of bacteremia associated with the Bacteroides fragilis group. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 20:1492-1496. 18. Kommedal O, Nystad TW, Bølstad B, Digranes A. Antibiotic susceptibility of blood culture isolates of anaerobic bacteria at a Norwegian university hospital. APMIS 2007; 115(8):956-961. 19. Jeverica S, Kolenc U, Mueller-Premru M, Papst L. Evaluation of the routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing results of clinically significant anaerobic bacteria in a Slovenian tertiary-care hospital in 2015. Anaerob 2017; 47:64-69.
Year 2018, Volume: 08 Issue: 04, 135 - 139, 15.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.493845

Abstract

References

  • 1. Finegold SM. Overview of clinically important anaerobes. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 20 (Suppl. 2):S205e7. 2. Goldstein EJ. Anaerobic bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis 1996; 23:S97-S101. 3. Dorsher CW, Rosenblatt JE, Wilson WR, Ilstrup DM. Anaerobic bacteremia: decreasing rate over a 15-year period. Rev Infect Dis 1991; 13(4):633-636. 4. Lassmann B, Gustafson DR, Wood CM, Rosenblatt JE. Reemergence of anaerobic bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 44: 895-900. 5. Robert R, DeRaignac A, Le Moal G, Ragot S, Grollier G. Prognostic factors and impact of antibiotherapy in 117 cases of anaerobic bacteraemia. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 27:671-678. 6. Blairon L, De Gheldre Y, Delaere B, Sonet A, Bosly A, Glupczynski Y. A 62-month retrospective epidemiological survey of anaerobic bacteraemia in a university hospital. Clin Microbiol Infect 2006; 12(6):527-32. 7. Kim J, Lee Y, Park Y, et al. Anaerobic bacteremia: impact of inappropriate therapy on mortality. Infect Chemother 2016; 48:91-98. 8. Goldstein E, Citron D, Resistance trends in antimicrobial susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria, Part i. Clin Microbiol Newsl 2011; 33:1-8. 9. Liu C, Huang Y, Liao C, Yen L, Lin H, Hsueh P. Increasing trends in antimicrobial resistance among clinically important anaerobes and Bacteroides fragilis isolates causing nosocomial infections: emerging resistance to carbapenems. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008; 52:3161-3168. 10. The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). http://www.eucast.org/ 11. Ortiz E, Sande MA. Routine use of anaerobic blood cultures: are they still indicated? Am J Med 2000; 108 (6):445-447. 12. Weinstein MP, Towns ML, Quartey SM, et al. The clinical significance of positive blood cultures in the 1990s: a prospective comprehensive evaluation of the microbiology, epidemiology, and outcome of bacteremia and fungemia in adults. Clin Infect Dis 1997; 24(4):584-602. 13. Zahar JR, Farhat H, Chachaty E, Meshaka P, Antoun S, Nitenberg G. Incidence and clinical significance of anaerobic bacteraemia in cancer patients: a 6-year retrospective study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2005; 11(9): 724-729. 14. Karunakaran R, Raja NS, Quek KF, Hoe VC, Navaratnam P. Evaluation of the routine use of the anaerobic bottle when using the BACTEC blood culture system. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2007; 40(5): 445-449. 15. Tan T, Ng L, Kwan L, Rao S, Eng L. Clinical characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibilities of anaerobic bacteremia in an acute care hospital. Anaerobes 2017; 43: 69-74. 16. Benjamin B, Kan M, Schwartz D, Siegman-Igra Y. The possible significance of Clostridium spp. in blood cultures. Clin Microbiol Infect 2006; 12:1006-1012. 17. Redondo MC, Arbo MD, Grindlinger J, Snydman DR. Attributable mortality of bacteremia associated with the Bacteroides fragilis group. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 20:1492-1496. 18. Kommedal O, Nystad TW, Bølstad B, Digranes A. Antibiotic susceptibility of blood culture isolates of anaerobic bacteria at a Norwegian university hospital. APMIS 2007; 115(8):956-961. 19. Jeverica S, Kolenc U, Mueller-Premru M, Papst L. Evaluation of the routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing results of clinically significant anaerobic bacteria in a Slovenian tertiary-care hospital in 2015. Anaerob 2017; 47:64-69.
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Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section ART
Authors

Nadeem Sajjad Raja This is me

Publication Date December 15, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 08 Issue: 04

Cite

APA Raja, N. S. (2018). Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Anaerobic Bloodstream Infections: A 10 Years Study. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 08(04), 135-139. https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.493845
AMA Raja NS. Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Anaerobic Bloodstream Infections: A 10 Years Study. J Microbil Infect Dis. December 2018;08(04):135-139. doi:10.5799/jmid.493845
Chicago Raja, Nadeem Sajjad. “Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Anaerobic Bloodstream Infections: A 10 Years Study”. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 08, no. 04 (December 2018): 135-39. https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.493845.
EndNote Raja NS (December 1, 2018) Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Anaerobic Bloodstream Infections: A 10 Years Study. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 08 04 135–139.
IEEE N. S. Raja, “Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Anaerobic Bloodstream Infections: A 10 Years Study”, J Microbil Infect Dis, vol. 08, no. 04, pp. 135–139, 2018, doi: 10.5799/jmid.493845.
ISNAD Raja, Nadeem Sajjad. “Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Anaerobic Bloodstream Infections: A 10 Years Study”. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 08/04 (December 2018), 135-139. https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.493845.
JAMA Raja NS. Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Anaerobic Bloodstream Infections: A 10 Years Study. J Microbil Infect Dis. 2018;08:135–139.
MLA Raja, Nadeem Sajjad. “Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Anaerobic Bloodstream Infections: A 10 Years Study”. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, vol. 08, no. 04, 2018, pp. 135-9, doi:10.5799/jmid.493845.
Vancouver Raja NS. Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Anaerobic Bloodstream Infections: A 10 Years Study. J Microbil Infect Dis. 2018;08(04):135-9.