The Mosaic Floors of the House of Kyrios Leontis in Nysa Scythopolis (Beth Shean)

Abstract

The House of Kyrios Leontis in Nysa Scythopolis (Beth-Shean) was partially excavated by two expeditions and at different times, and the mosaic floors have been published only in preliminary publications. Two halls were discovered in the complex. The first hall is decorated with a mosaic pavement of three panels: the Homeric story of Odysseus and the Sirens; beribboned parrots surrounding a dedication inscription; the Nile god, Nilometer, the city of Alexandria, and a Nilotic landscape. The second hall served as a prayer room or a small synagogue. A pair of animals decorated the two entrances, and the hall itself is decorated with populated vine scrolls with animals. Jewish ritual objects appear in the central medallion: the seven-branched candlestick, citron, censer, and ram’s horn. The mosaic floors are inlaid with dedication inscriptions in Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek, with the names of the donors and prayers for the holy congregation. The iconography, incorporating mythological subjects, the god of the Nile and Nilotic landscape, Jewish ritual objects, common animal chase scenes, and the use of the three languages that were customary in Byzantine Palestine, expresses the character of the city of Nysa Scythopolis as a cultural city inhabited by a mixed, well-educated population.

Keywords

• Nysa Scythopolis
• Odysseus and the Sirens
• Nilotic landscape
• Synagogue
• Seven-branched candlestick

Nysa Scythopolis’teki (Beth Shean) Kyrios Leontis Evi’nin Mozaik Zeminleri

Abstract

Nysa Scythopolis’teki (Beth-Shean) Kyrios Leontis Evi, iki seferde ve farklı zamanlarda kısmen kazılmış ve mozaik zeminlerden sadece ilk yayınlarda bahsedilmiştir. Yapı kompleksinde iki salon keşfedilmiştir. İlk salon üç panelden oluşan bir mozaik döşeme ile dekore edilmiştir: Odysseus ve Sirenler’in Homeros hikâyesi; bir ithaf yazıtını çevreleyen şeritli papağanlar; Nil tanrısı, Nilometer, İskenderiye (Alexandria) şehri ve Nilotik bir manzara. İkinci salon bir dua odası veya küçük bir sinagog olarak hizmet veriyordu. İki girişi bir çift hayvan süslemektedir ve salonun kendisi hayvanlarla dolu asma dallarıyla süslenmiştir. Yahudi ritüel nesneleri merkezi madalyonda görünür: Yedi kollu şamdan, ağaç kavunu, buhurdan ve koç boynuzu. Mozaik zeminler, adayan kişilerin isimleri ve kutsal cemaat için dualar ile İbranice, Aramice ve Yunanca ithaf yazıtlarıyla işlenmiştir. Mitolojik konuları, Nil tanrısı ve Nilotik manzarayı, Yahudi ritüel nesnelerini, ortak hayvan kovalamaca sahnelerini ve Bizans Filistini’nde geleneksel olan üç dilin kullanımını içeren bu ikonografi, Nysa Scythopolis şehrinin karakterini karma ve iyi eğitimli bir nüfusun yaşadığı kültürel bir şehir olarak yansıtmaktadır.

Keywords

• Nysa Scythopolis
• Odysseus ve Sirenler
• Nilotik manzara
• Sinagog
• Yedi kollu şamdan

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