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Claudiopolis Örneği Işığında Bir Kedigile Binmiş Dionysos Mozaiklerine Genel Bir Bakış

Year 2024, , 163 - 200, 04.11.2024
https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1564709

Abstract

Claudiopolis (Bolu), Antik Dönem’de Bithynia Bölgesi sınırları içerisinde yer alan önemli bir kentti. 2011 yılında kent merkezinde yapılan kurtarma kazısı çalışması esnasında bir Dionysos Mozaiği açığa çıkarılmıştır. Dionysos Mozaiği kentteki bir Roma villasının zemininde yer almış olan bir taban mozaiğidir ve dikdörtgen bir biçimde düzenlenmiştir. Mozaik tabanı 590 cm x 620 cm ölçülerindedir.
Bir kedigil üzerine binmiş olan Dionysos kompozisyonu Antik Dönem’de mozaik ustalarının repertuvarlarının sık tercih edilen bir tasviri olmuştur. Bu kompozisyon Geç Klasik Dönem’den, Geç Antik Dönem’e kadar Akdeniz çevresindeki çok sayıdaki atölye tarafından benimsenerek müşterilerinin tercihlerine göre mozaikler üzerine uyarlanmıştır. Bu mozaiklerde Dionysos, bazen küçük bir çocuk bazen de genç bir erişkin olarak tasvir edilmiştir. Kompozisyonun çevresine genellikle dört mevsimi sembolize eden dört ayaklı hayvanlar, kuşlar ve bitkiler yerleştirilmiştir.
Dikdörtgen biçiminde düzenlenmiş olan Claudiopolis Mozaiği’nde merkezdeki dairesel pano içerisinde bir leopar üzerine oturmuş olan genç Dionysos tasvir edilmiştir. Yarı çıplak durumda olan Dionysos’un başına sarmaşık yapraklarından oluşan bir çelenk yerleştirilmiştir. Sağ elinde bir thyrsos taşımaktadır. Merkezi dairesel panonun dört yanındaki yarım dairesel panolara yerleştirilen dört ayaklı hayvanlar ve içbükey kare panolara yerleştirilen kuşlar, dört mevsimi sembolize etmiştir. Merkezi dairesel panonun dört köşesindeki çeyrek dairesel panolara ise kraterler yerleştirilmiştir. Panoları geometrik ve bitkisel motiflerden oluşan bir bordür çevirmiştir. Claudiopolis Mozaiği’ndeki sahnenin diğer bölgelerde yer alan versiyonları ile ortak olan özellikleri onların aynı orijinalin kopyaları olduğuna işaret etmektedir.

References

  • Adounvo 1991 G. A. Adounvo, The Mosaic of Neptune and the Seasons from La Chebba, Unpublished PhD Thesis, McMaster University.
  • Blake 1930 M. E. Blake, “The Pavements of the Roman Buildings of the Republic and Early Empire”, MAAR 8, 7-159.
  • Boatwright 2000 M. T. Boatwright, Hadrian and the Cities of the Roman Empire, Princeton.
  • Bosanquet 1898 R. C. Bosanquet, “Excavations of the British School at Melos: the Hall of the Mystae”, JHS 18, 60-80.
  • Budde 1972 L. Budde, Antike Mosaiken in Kilikien, Band II, Die Heidnischen Mosaiken, Recklinghausen.
  • Carr-Howard 2017 T. Carr-Howard, The Cultural Mosaic Under the Tesserae: Local Identity in the Iconography and Compositions of Roman Floor Mosaics. Scripps Senior Theses.
  • Casal 1990a L. A. Casal, “Horai/Horae”, LIMC V, 510-538.
  • Casal 1990b L. A. Casal, “Kairoi/Tempora Anni”, LIMC V, 891-920.
  • Cimok 2000 F. Cimok, Antioch Mosaics, İstanbul.
  • Dörner 1952 F. K. Dörner, Bericht über eine Reise in Bithynien, Wien.
  • Dunbabin 1978 K. M. D. Dunbabin, The Mosaics of Roman North Africa, Studies in Iconography and Patronage, Oxford.
  • Dunbabin 1999 K. M. D. Dunbabin, Mosaics of the Greek and Roman World, Cambridge.
  • Eckersley 1995 T. E. Eckersley, Iconography of the Vintage in the Mosaics of Roman Spain and North Africa, Unpublished PhD Thesis, McMaster University.
  • Gasparri 1986 C. Gasparri, “Dionysos”, LIMC III, 414-514.
  • Hanfmann 1951 G. M. A. Hanfmann, The Season Sarcophagus in Dumbarton Oaks, I-II, Cambridge.
  • Hellenkemper Salies 1986 G. Hellenkemper Salies, “Römische Mosaiken in Griechenland”, BJb 186, 241-285.
  • Jácome 2013 P. M. Jácome, “Bacchus and Felines in Roman Iconography: Issues of Gender and Species”, A. Bernabé - M. Herrero de Jáuregui - A. I. Jiménez San Cristóbal - R. Martín Hernández (eds.), Redefining Dionysos, Berlin, 526-540.
  • Jobst 1978 W. Jobst, “Römische Mosaiken in Ephesos”, E.Akurgal (ed.), The Proceedings of the Xth International Congress of Classical Archaeology, Vol.I-III. Ankara, 653-660.
  • Joyce 1979 H. Joyce, “Form, Function and Technique in the Pavements of Delos and Pompeii” AJA 83, 3, 253-263.
  • Kondoleon 1995 C. Kondoleon, Domestic and Divine, Roman Mosaics in the House of Dionysos, New York.
  • Ling 1983 R. Ling, “The Seasons in Romano-British Mosaic Pavements”, Britannia 14, 13-22.
  • Magie 1950 D. Magie, Roman Rule in Asia Minor, I-II, Princeton.
  • McCann 1978 A. M. McCann, Roman Sarcophagi in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
  • Merkelbach 1988 R. Merkelbach, Die Hirten des Dionysos. Stuttgart.
  • Okçu 2009 R. Okçu, “Prusia ad Olympum Mozaikleri” JMR 3, 31-51.
  • Önal 2009 M. Önal, A Corpus Zeugma Mosaics, İstanbul.
  • Öz 2011 A. K. Öz, “The Mosaics of Metropolis in Ionia”, M. Şahin (ed.), 11th International Colloquium on Ancient Mosaics, Bursa, 701-708.
  • Parrish 1995 D. Parrish, “The Mosaic of Aion and the Seasons from Haidra (Tunisia): an Interpretation of its Meaning and Importance”, AnTard 3, 167-191.
  • Raftopoulou 1998 S. Raftopoulou, “New finds from Sparta”, W. G. Cavanagh - S. E. C. Walker (edS.), Sparta in Laconia: Proceedings of the 19th British Museum Classical Colloquium held with the British School at Athens and King’s and University Colleges, London, 125-140.
  • Richter 1954 G. M. A. Richter, Catalogue of Greek Sculptures, Cambridge.
  • Robertson 1965 M. Robertson, “Greek Mosaics”, JHS 85, 72-89.
  • Salzmann 1982 D. Salzmann, Untersuchungen zu den Antiken Kieselmosaiken, Berlin.
  • Sevilla-Sadeh 2021 N. Sevilla-Sadeh, “Dionysian Eros or Erotic Dionysus ? Source and Meanings of Hybridization in the Bacchus Mosaic at the Naples Museum”, JMR 14, 289-300.
  • Sezer 2015 S. Sezin Sezer, “The Orpheus Mosaic of Prusias ad Hypium”, JMR 8, 123-140.
  • Sweetman 2013 R. J. Sweetman, The Mosaics of Roman Crete, Art, Archaeology and Social Change, Cambridge.
  • Şahin 2004 D. Şahin, Amisos Mozaiği. Ankara.
  • Tülek 1998 F. Tülek, Efsuncu Orpheus, İstanbul.
  • Vermeule 1968 C. C. Vermeule, Roman Imperial Art in Greece and Asia Minor, Cambridge.
  • Waywell 1979 S. E. Waywell, “Roman Mosaics in Greece”, AJA 83, 3, 93-321.
  • Welch 1998 Z. Welch, The Dionysiac Mosaics of Greece and the Coast of Asia Minor, Unpublished PhD Thesis, McMaster University.
  • Witts 2022 P. Witts, “Seasonal Animals in Roman Mosaics” JMR 15, 335-366.
  • Wyler 2009 S. Wyler, “Dionysos/Bacchus”, LIMC Supplementum I, 183-189; II, 90-94.

An Overview of Dionysos on a Feline Mosaics in the Light of the Claudiopolis Sample

Year 2024, , 163 - 200, 04.11.2024
https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1564709

Abstract

Claudiopolis (Bolu) was a prominent city on the border of Bithynia during the Ancient Period. The Dionysus Mosaic was unearthed during a rescue excavation in the city center in 2011. The Dionysus Mosaic is a floor mosaic located on the floor of a Roman villa in the city, and it is arranged as a rectangular shape. The size of the mosaic base is 590 cm x 620 cm.
The composition of Dionysus riding on a feline was a frequently preferred depiction in the repertoire of mosaic masters in the Ancient Period. This composition was adopted by many workshops around the Mediterranean from the Late Classical Period to the Late Antique Period and it was adapted on mosaics according to the preferences of their customers. Dionysos on these mosaics was sometimes depicted either as a little boy or as a young adult. Four-legged animals, birds, and plants symbolizing the four seasons were usually placed around the composition.
The young Dionysus sitting on a leopard in the circular panel in the center is depicted on Claudiopolis Mosaic arranged in a rectangle shape. A wreath of ivy leaves is placed on the head of the half-naked Dionysus. It holds a thyrsos in its right hand. Four-legged animals placed on the semicircular panels on the four sides of central panel and the birds placed on the concave square panels symbolize four seasons. The craters are placed on the quarter circular panels at the four corners of the central panel. A line around the mosaic consisting of geometric and floral motifs surrounds the panels. When compared with other versions found in other regions, the common characteristics of the scene in the Claudiopolis Mosaic indicate that they are the copies of the same original work.

References

  • Adounvo 1991 G. A. Adounvo, The Mosaic of Neptune and the Seasons from La Chebba, Unpublished PhD Thesis, McMaster University.
  • Blake 1930 M. E. Blake, “The Pavements of the Roman Buildings of the Republic and Early Empire”, MAAR 8, 7-159.
  • Boatwright 2000 M. T. Boatwright, Hadrian and the Cities of the Roman Empire, Princeton.
  • Bosanquet 1898 R. C. Bosanquet, “Excavations of the British School at Melos: the Hall of the Mystae”, JHS 18, 60-80.
  • Budde 1972 L. Budde, Antike Mosaiken in Kilikien, Band II, Die Heidnischen Mosaiken, Recklinghausen.
  • Carr-Howard 2017 T. Carr-Howard, The Cultural Mosaic Under the Tesserae: Local Identity in the Iconography and Compositions of Roman Floor Mosaics. Scripps Senior Theses.
  • Casal 1990a L. A. Casal, “Horai/Horae”, LIMC V, 510-538.
  • Casal 1990b L. A. Casal, “Kairoi/Tempora Anni”, LIMC V, 891-920.
  • Cimok 2000 F. Cimok, Antioch Mosaics, İstanbul.
  • Dörner 1952 F. K. Dörner, Bericht über eine Reise in Bithynien, Wien.
  • Dunbabin 1978 K. M. D. Dunbabin, The Mosaics of Roman North Africa, Studies in Iconography and Patronage, Oxford.
  • Dunbabin 1999 K. M. D. Dunbabin, Mosaics of the Greek and Roman World, Cambridge.
  • Eckersley 1995 T. E. Eckersley, Iconography of the Vintage in the Mosaics of Roman Spain and North Africa, Unpublished PhD Thesis, McMaster University.
  • Gasparri 1986 C. Gasparri, “Dionysos”, LIMC III, 414-514.
  • Hanfmann 1951 G. M. A. Hanfmann, The Season Sarcophagus in Dumbarton Oaks, I-II, Cambridge.
  • Hellenkemper Salies 1986 G. Hellenkemper Salies, “Römische Mosaiken in Griechenland”, BJb 186, 241-285.
  • Jácome 2013 P. M. Jácome, “Bacchus and Felines in Roman Iconography: Issues of Gender and Species”, A. Bernabé - M. Herrero de Jáuregui - A. I. Jiménez San Cristóbal - R. Martín Hernández (eds.), Redefining Dionysos, Berlin, 526-540.
  • Jobst 1978 W. Jobst, “Römische Mosaiken in Ephesos”, E.Akurgal (ed.), The Proceedings of the Xth International Congress of Classical Archaeology, Vol.I-III. Ankara, 653-660.
  • Joyce 1979 H. Joyce, “Form, Function and Technique in the Pavements of Delos and Pompeii” AJA 83, 3, 253-263.
  • Kondoleon 1995 C. Kondoleon, Domestic and Divine, Roman Mosaics in the House of Dionysos, New York.
  • Ling 1983 R. Ling, “The Seasons in Romano-British Mosaic Pavements”, Britannia 14, 13-22.
  • Magie 1950 D. Magie, Roman Rule in Asia Minor, I-II, Princeton.
  • McCann 1978 A. M. McCann, Roman Sarcophagi in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
  • Merkelbach 1988 R. Merkelbach, Die Hirten des Dionysos. Stuttgart.
  • Okçu 2009 R. Okçu, “Prusia ad Olympum Mozaikleri” JMR 3, 31-51.
  • Önal 2009 M. Önal, A Corpus Zeugma Mosaics, İstanbul.
  • Öz 2011 A. K. Öz, “The Mosaics of Metropolis in Ionia”, M. Şahin (ed.), 11th International Colloquium on Ancient Mosaics, Bursa, 701-708.
  • Parrish 1995 D. Parrish, “The Mosaic of Aion and the Seasons from Haidra (Tunisia): an Interpretation of its Meaning and Importance”, AnTard 3, 167-191.
  • Raftopoulou 1998 S. Raftopoulou, “New finds from Sparta”, W. G. Cavanagh - S. E. C. Walker (edS.), Sparta in Laconia: Proceedings of the 19th British Museum Classical Colloquium held with the British School at Athens and King’s and University Colleges, London, 125-140.
  • Richter 1954 G. M. A. Richter, Catalogue of Greek Sculptures, Cambridge.
  • Robertson 1965 M. Robertson, “Greek Mosaics”, JHS 85, 72-89.
  • Salzmann 1982 D. Salzmann, Untersuchungen zu den Antiken Kieselmosaiken, Berlin.
  • Sevilla-Sadeh 2021 N. Sevilla-Sadeh, “Dionysian Eros or Erotic Dionysus ? Source and Meanings of Hybridization in the Bacchus Mosaic at the Naples Museum”, JMR 14, 289-300.
  • Sezer 2015 S. Sezin Sezer, “The Orpheus Mosaic of Prusias ad Hypium”, JMR 8, 123-140.
  • Sweetman 2013 R. J. Sweetman, The Mosaics of Roman Crete, Art, Archaeology and Social Change, Cambridge.
  • Şahin 2004 D. Şahin, Amisos Mozaiği. Ankara.
  • Tülek 1998 F. Tülek, Efsuncu Orpheus, İstanbul.
  • Vermeule 1968 C. C. Vermeule, Roman Imperial Art in Greece and Asia Minor, Cambridge.
  • Waywell 1979 S. E. Waywell, “Roman Mosaics in Greece”, AJA 83, 3, 93-321.
  • Welch 1998 Z. Welch, The Dionysiac Mosaics of Greece and the Coast of Asia Minor, Unpublished PhD Thesis, McMaster University.
  • Witts 2022 P. Witts, “Seasonal Animals in Roman Mosaics” JMR 15, 335-366.
  • Wyler 2009 S. Wyler, “Dionysos/Bacchus”, LIMC Supplementum I, 183-189; II, 90-94.
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Archaeological Science
Journal Section Article
Authors

S. Sezin Sezer 0000-0002-2844-0513

Early Pub Date October 23, 2024
Publication Date November 4, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Sezer, S. S. (2024). Claudiopolis Örneği Işığında Bir Kedigile Binmiş Dionysos Mozaiklerine Genel Bir Bakış. Journal of Mosaic Research(17), 163-200. https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1564709
AMA Sezer SS. Claudiopolis Örneği Işığında Bir Kedigile Binmiş Dionysos Mozaiklerine Genel Bir Bakış. JMR. November 2024;(17):163-200. doi:10.26658/jmr.1564709
Chicago Sezer, S. Sezin. “Claudiopolis Örneği Işığında Bir Kedigile Binmiş Dionysos Mozaiklerine Genel Bir Bakış”. Journal of Mosaic Research, no. 17 (November 2024): 163-200. https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1564709.
EndNote Sezer SS (November 1, 2024) Claudiopolis Örneği Işığında Bir Kedigile Binmiş Dionysos Mozaiklerine Genel Bir Bakış. Journal of Mosaic Research 17 163–200.
IEEE S. S. Sezer, “Claudiopolis Örneği Işığında Bir Kedigile Binmiş Dionysos Mozaiklerine Genel Bir Bakış”, JMR, no. 17, pp. 163–200, November 2024, doi: 10.26658/jmr.1564709.
ISNAD Sezer, S. Sezin. “Claudiopolis Örneği Işığında Bir Kedigile Binmiş Dionysos Mozaiklerine Genel Bir Bakış”. Journal of Mosaic Research 17 (November 2024), 163-200. https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1564709.
JAMA Sezer SS. Claudiopolis Örneği Işığında Bir Kedigile Binmiş Dionysos Mozaiklerine Genel Bir Bakış. JMR. 2024;:163–200.
MLA Sezer, S. Sezin. “Claudiopolis Örneği Işığında Bir Kedigile Binmiş Dionysos Mozaiklerine Genel Bir Bakış”. Journal of Mosaic Research, no. 17, 2024, pp. 163-00, doi:10.26658/jmr.1564709.
Vancouver Sezer SS. Claudiopolis Örneği Işığında Bir Kedigile Binmiş Dionysos Mozaiklerine Genel Bir Bakış. JMR. 2024(17):163-200.

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