Research Article

A Re-examination of a Mosaic from Bulgaria Representing Medusa, the Winds, and Other Figures

Number: 18 November 11, 2025
  • David Parrish
EN TR

A Re-examination of a Mosaic from Bulgaria Representing Medusa, the Winds, and Other Figures

Abstract

This article is a sequel to an earlier article of mine in JMR 15, 2020, dealing with mosaic imagery of figural content in Room 10 of the Villa Armira, an aristocratic residence of the Roman imperial era located in southeastern Bulgaria. The present study examines the large pavement of Antonine date decorating a different space in that building, Room 6, which was identified as a triclinium by the excavator, J. Mladenova. Various features of this mosaic’s iconography, first described and interpreted by Mladenova and later reaffirmed by G. Kabakchieva, are looked at afresh, in order to clarify their significance and to place this work of art in a broad art historical context. Comparisons are made with mosaic pavements and sculptural reliefs drawn from the eastern and western parts of the empire. Topics investigated include imagery of Medusa, the winds, the seasons, and a few animals, as well as profile heads of young men and women of uncertain meaning. Possible identifications of the latter individuals include household gods, the Penates, or geographic personifications of the region where the mosaic was made. This discussion also relates the design and figural content of the mosaic to the social function of Room 6, and helps confirm the pavement’s date.

Keywords

References

  1. Bibliography – Kaynaklar
  2. Akurgal 1970 E. Akurgal, Ancient Civilizations and Ruins of Turkey, From Prehistoric Times to the End of the Roman Empire, Istanbul.
  3. Balmelle - Darmon 2017 C. Balmelle - J.-P. Darmon, La mosaïque dans les Gaules romaines, Paris.
  4. Balty 1977 J. Balty, Mosaïques antiques de Syrie, Brussels, Centre belge de Recherches archéologiques ã Apamée de Syrie.
  5. Becatti 1961 G. Becatti, Scavi di Ostia IV, Mosaici e pavimenti marmorei, Rome.
  6. Belis 2016 A. Belis, Roman Mosaics in the J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles.
  7. Brilliant 1967 R. Brilliant, The Arch of Septimius Severus in the Roman Forum, Rome.
  8. Caffarelli - Caputo 1966 E. Caffarelli - G. Capito, The Buried City, Excavations at Leptis Magna, New York/Washington.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Archaeological Science

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

David Parrish This is me
0000-0003-4076-362X
United States

Publication Date

November 11, 2025

Submission Date

November 26, 2024

Acceptance Date

October 1, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Number: 18

APA
Parrish, D. (2025). A Re-examination of a Mosaic from Bulgaria Representing Medusa, the Winds, and Other Figures. Journal of Mosaic Research, 18, 295-306. https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1814191
AMA
1.Parrish D. A Re-examination of a Mosaic from Bulgaria Representing Medusa, the Winds, and Other Figures. JMR. 2025;(18):295-306. doi:10.26658/jmr.1814191
Chicago
Parrish, David. 2025. “A Re-Examination of a Mosaic from Bulgaria Representing Medusa, the Winds, and Other Figures”. Journal of Mosaic Research, nos. 18: 295-306. https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1814191.
EndNote
Parrish D (November 1, 2025) A Re-examination of a Mosaic from Bulgaria Representing Medusa, the Winds, and Other Figures. Journal of Mosaic Research 18 295–306.
IEEE
[1]D. Parrish, “A Re-examination of a Mosaic from Bulgaria Representing Medusa, the Winds, and Other Figures”, JMR, no. 18, pp. 295–306, Nov. 2025, doi: 10.26658/jmr.1814191.
ISNAD
Parrish, David. “A Re-Examination of a Mosaic from Bulgaria Representing Medusa, the Winds, and Other Figures”. Journal of Mosaic Research. 18 (November 1, 2025): 295-306. https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1814191.
JAMA
1.Parrish D. A Re-examination of a Mosaic from Bulgaria Representing Medusa, the Winds, and Other Figures. JMR. 2025;:295–306.
MLA
Parrish, David. “A Re-Examination of a Mosaic from Bulgaria Representing Medusa, the Winds, and Other Figures”. Journal of Mosaic Research, no. 18, Nov. 2025, pp. 295-06, doi:10.26658/jmr.1814191.
Vancouver
1.David Parrish. A Re-examination of a Mosaic from Bulgaria Representing Medusa, the Winds, and Other Figures. JMR. 2025 Nov. 1;(18):295-306. doi:10.26658/jmr.1814191

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