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The Mosaic Spolia in the Narthex of the Cathedral Basilica (No. 4) in Parthicopolis, Southwestern Bulgaria

Year 2025, Issue: 18, 307 - 316, 11.11.2025
https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1814192

Abstract

The Cathedral Basilica of Parthicopolis, also known as Basilica No. 4, the Episcopal one, is part of a complex in which in the period second quarter-middle of the 4th century and the end of the 5th century, a separate basilica has been built, supplied additionally by a narthex, a baptistery, an atrium, an Episcopaeion with chapel and scriptorium, a skeuophylakion (σκευοφυλάκιο), a kitchen and other premises. During the second building phase of the first building period, a two-armed ambo oriented along its long axis east-west has been installed in the southern part of the central nave. When it was dug into the mosaic carpet of the nave, the removed pieces and some of the red mortar with the tesserae were not thrown away. They were reused as spolia not for their original purpose, but to level out the rows of stones in the construction of the bench and the base of the staircase attached to it for the gallery on the second floor, which was built in the northern part of the narthex. Some of the fragments were also used for decoration – the base of the bench, which was plastered in height with mortar. This unusual use of the early Christian mosaic is observed for the first time among the monuments from the early Byzantine Period in Macedonia and Thrace (today on the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria).

References

  • Bibliography – Kaynaklar
  • Chaneva-Dechevska 1999 N. Chaneva-Dechevska, Ranno-hristianskata arhitektura v Bulgaria IV-VI v., Sofia.
  • Dimitrova-Milčeva 1991 A. Dimitrova-Milčeva, “Die Spätantike und frühbyzantinische Stadt bei Sandanski (4-6 Jh). Nach Archaeologischer Angaben”, Bulgarian Historical Review 4, 75-84.
  • Dimitrova-Milcheva 2002 A. Dimitrova-Milcheva, “Sandanski (Sveti Vrach)”, R. Ivanov (ed.), Rimski i rannovizantiiski gradove v Bulgaria, Sofia, 269-294.
  • Dimitrova-Milčeva - Petkov 2006 A. Dimitrova-Milčeva - V. Petkov, “Basilika Nr. 4 (Bischofsbasilika) in der Stadt Sandanski (Sv. Vrač). Vorbericht”, E. Maneva (ed.), Folia Archaeologica Balcanica I, In Honorem Verae Bitrakova-Grozdanova, Sкоpjе, 403-424.
  • Dosseva 2011 I. Dosseva, “Rannovizantiiskite amvoni ot teritoriata na savremenna Bulgaria: obraztsi i adaptatsia”, S. Stanev - V. Grigorov - V. Dimitrov (eds.), Izsledvania v chest na Stefan Boiadzhiev, Sofia, 139-160.
  • Dosseva 2017 I. Dosseva, “Byzantine Ambos on the Present-Day Bulgaria: Models and Adaptations”, E. Bakalova, - M. Dimitrova - M. A. Johnson (eds.), Medieval Bulgarian Art and Letters in a Byzantine Context, American Research Center in Sofia, Sofia, 50-68.
  • Farkov 2011 Y. Farkov, “Episkopska basilica v Sandanski”, Arh i Art. Forum, god. XX, br. 19 (99), 3-16.
  • Lilciќ 2003 V. Lilciќ, Makedonskiot kamen za bogovite, hristianite i za jivotot po jivotot, vol. II, Skopije.
  • Petrova 2012 S. Petrova, “On Early Christianity and Early Christian Basilicas of Parthicopolis”, Studi sull’Oriente Cristiano. Accademia Angelica’Constantiniana di lettere arti e scienze 16, 1, 93-139.
  • Petrova 2015 S. Petrova, “The Early Christian Basilikas in the Urban Planning of Parthicopolis”, Niš and Byzantium, XIII, 161-184.
  • Petrova 2017a S. Petrova, “The Baptistery of the Episcopal Basilica in Parthicopolis”, Niš and Byzantium XV, 133-152.
  • Petrova 2017b S. Petrova, “The Roman Architectonic Decoration Reused in the Early Christian Buildings of Parthicopolis”, PATRIMONIUM.MK 15, 345-384.
  • Petrova 2018 S. Petrova, “The Semicircular Piazza of Parthicopolis in the Development of the Late Antique City Planning”, Niš and Byzantium, XVI, 103-120.
  • Petrova 2020 S. Petrova, “The Chancel Screens of the Episcopal Basilica (No. 4) in Parthicopolis/Bulgaria (Preliminary observations)”, Niš and Byzantium, XVIII, 189-222.
  • Petrova in press S. Petrova, The Early Christian Architecture of Parthicopolis and the Papal Vicariate in Thessaloniki.
  • Petrova - Petkov 2015 S. Petrova - V. Petkov, ‘ΠΑΡΟΙΚΟΠΟΛΙΣ / ΠΑΡΘΙΚΟΠΟΛΙΣ (Paroicopolis/Parthicopolis - Ancient and Early Byzantine City)”, R. Ivanov (ed.), Thracian, Greek, Roman and Medieval Cities, Residences and Fortresses in Bulgaria, Sofia, 341-492.
  • Pillinger et al. 2016 R. Pillinger - A. Lirsch - V. Popova (Hg.), Corpus der spätantiken und frühchristlichen Mosaiken Bulgariens, Wien.
  • Popova 2018 V. Popova, ‘Liturgy and Mosaics: The Case Study of the Late Antique Monuments from Bulgaria”, Niš and Byzantium XVI, 135-160.
  • Stanev 2011 S. Stanev, “Liturgichno planirane: za ili protiv funktsioniraneto na atria v konstantinopolskite tsarkvi prez VII vek”, S. Stanev - V. Grigorov - V. Dimitrov (eds.), Izsledvania v chest na Stefan Boiadzhiev, Sofia, 313-345.
  • Stanev 2013 S. Stanev, “Liturgichno planirane: kade i kak vernite predstaviat svoite prinoshenia”, Problemi na izkustvoto 2, 3-9.
  • Vagalinski 2019 L. Vagalinski, “Heraklea Sintika”, Arheologicheski otkriria i razkopki prez 2018 godina, Sofia, 251-254.

Year 2025, Issue: 18, 307 - 316, 11.11.2025
https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1814192

Abstract

References

  • Bibliography – Kaynaklar
  • Chaneva-Dechevska 1999 N. Chaneva-Dechevska, Ranno-hristianskata arhitektura v Bulgaria IV-VI v., Sofia.
  • Dimitrova-Milčeva 1991 A. Dimitrova-Milčeva, “Die Spätantike und frühbyzantinische Stadt bei Sandanski (4-6 Jh). Nach Archaeologischer Angaben”, Bulgarian Historical Review 4, 75-84.
  • Dimitrova-Milcheva 2002 A. Dimitrova-Milcheva, “Sandanski (Sveti Vrach)”, R. Ivanov (ed.), Rimski i rannovizantiiski gradove v Bulgaria, Sofia, 269-294.
  • Dimitrova-Milčeva - Petkov 2006 A. Dimitrova-Milčeva - V. Petkov, “Basilika Nr. 4 (Bischofsbasilika) in der Stadt Sandanski (Sv. Vrač). Vorbericht”, E. Maneva (ed.), Folia Archaeologica Balcanica I, In Honorem Verae Bitrakova-Grozdanova, Sкоpjе, 403-424.
  • Dosseva 2011 I. Dosseva, “Rannovizantiiskite amvoni ot teritoriata na savremenna Bulgaria: obraztsi i adaptatsia”, S. Stanev - V. Grigorov - V. Dimitrov (eds.), Izsledvania v chest na Stefan Boiadzhiev, Sofia, 139-160.
  • Dosseva 2017 I. Dosseva, “Byzantine Ambos on the Present-Day Bulgaria: Models and Adaptations”, E. Bakalova, - M. Dimitrova - M. A. Johnson (eds.), Medieval Bulgarian Art and Letters in a Byzantine Context, American Research Center in Sofia, Sofia, 50-68.
  • Farkov 2011 Y. Farkov, “Episkopska basilica v Sandanski”, Arh i Art. Forum, god. XX, br. 19 (99), 3-16.
  • Lilciќ 2003 V. Lilciќ, Makedonskiot kamen za bogovite, hristianite i za jivotot po jivotot, vol. II, Skopije.
  • Petrova 2012 S. Petrova, “On Early Christianity and Early Christian Basilicas of Parthicopolis”, Studi sull’Oriente Cristiano. Accademia Angelica’Constantiniana di lettere arti e scienze 16, 1, 93-139.
  • Petrova 2015 S. Petrova, “The Early Christian Basilikas in the Urban Planning of Parthicopolis”, Niš and Byzantium, XIII, 161-184.
  • Petrova 2017a S. Petrova, “The Baptistery of the Episcopal Basilica in Parthicopolis”, Niš and Byzantium XV, 133-152.
  • Petrova 2017b S. Petrova, “The Roman Architectonic Decoration Reused in the Early Christian Buildings of Parthicopolis”, PATRIMONIUM.MK 15, 345-384.
  • Petrova 2018 S. Petrova, “The Semicircular Piazza of Parthicopolis in the Development of the Late Antique City Planning”, Niš and Byzantium, XVI, 103-120.
  • Petrova 2020 S. Petrova, “The Chancel Screens of the Episcopal Basilica (No. 4) in Parthicopolis/Bulgaria (Preliminary observations)”, Niš and Byzantium, XVIII, 189-222.
  • Petrova in press S. Petrova, The Early Christian Architecture of Parthicopolis and the Papal Vicariate in Thessaloniki.
  • Petrova - Petkov 2015 S. Petrova - V. Petkov, ‘ΠΑΡΟΙΚΟΠΟΛΙΣ / ΠΑΡΘΙΚΟΠΟΛΙΣ (Paroicopolis/Parthicopolis - Ancient and Early Byzantine City)”, R. Ivanov (ed.), Thracian, Greek, Roman and Medieval Cities, Residences and Fortresses in Bulgaria, Sofia, 341-492.
  • Pillinger et al. 2016 R. Pillinger - A. Lirsch - V. Popova (Hg.), Corpus der spätantiken und frühchristlichen Mosaiken Bulgariens, Wien.
  • Popova 2018 V. Popova, ‘Liturgy and Mosaics: The Case Study of the Late Antique Monuments from Bulgaria”, Niš and Byzantium XVI, 135-160.
  • Stanev 2011 S. Stanev, “Liturgichno planirane: za ili protiv funktsioniraneto na atria v konstantinopolskite tsarkvi prez VII vek”, S. Stanev - V. Grigorov - V. Dimitrov (eds.), Izsledvania v chest na Stefan Boiadzhiev, Sofia, 313-345.
  • Stanev 2013 S. Stanev, “Liturgichno planirane: kade i kak vernite predstaviat svoite prinoshenia”, Problemi na izkustvoto 2, 3-9.
  • Vagalinski 2019 L. Vagalinski, “Heraklea Sintika”, Arheologicheski otkriria i razkopki prez 2018 godina, Sofia, 251-254.

Year 2025, Issue: 18, 307 - 316, 11.11.2025
https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1814192

Abstract

References

  • Bibliography – Kaynaklar
  • Chaneva-Dechevska 1999 N. Chaneva-Dechevska, Ranno-hristianskata arhitektura v Bulgaria IV-VI v., Sofia.
  • Dimitrova-Milčeva 1991 A. Dimitrova-Milčeva, “Die Spätantike und frühbyzantinische Stadt bei Sandanski (4-6 Jh). Nach Archaeologischer Angaben”, Bulgarian Historical Review 4, 75-84.
  • Dimitrova-Milcheva 2002 A. Dimitrova-Milcheva, “Sandanski (Sveti Vrach)”, R. Ivanov (ed.), Rimski i rannovizantiiski gradove v Bulgaria, Sofia, 269-294.
  • Dimitrova-Milčeva - Petkov 2006 A. Dimitrova-Milčeva - V. Petkov, “Basilika Nr. 4 (Bischofsbasilika) in der Stadt Sandanski (Sv. Vrač). Vorbericht”, E. Maneva (ed.), Folia Archaeologica Balcanica I, In Honorem Verae Bitrakova-Grozdanova, Sкоpjе, 403-424.
  • Dosseva 2011 I. Dosseva, “Rannovizantiiskite amvoni ot teritoriata na savremenna Bulgaria: obraztsi i adaptatsia”, S. Stanev - V. Grigorov - V. Dimitrov (eds.), Izsledvania v chest na Stefan Boiadzhiev, Sofia, 139-160.
  • Dosseva 2017 I. Dosseva, “Byzantine Ambos on the Present-Day Bulgaria: Models and Adaptations”, E. Bakalova, - M. Dimitrova - M. A. Johnson (eds.), Medieval Bulgarian Art and Letters in a Byzantine Context, American Research Center in Sofia, Sofia, 50-68.
  • Farkov 2011 Y. Farkov, “Episkopska basilica v Sandanski”, Arh i Art. Forum, god. XX, br. 19 (99), 3-16.
  • Lilciќ 2003 V. Lilciќ, Makedonskiot kamen za bogovite, hristianite i za jivotot po jivotot, vol. II, Skopije.
  • Petrova 2012 S. Petrova, “On Early Christianity and Early Christian Basilicas of Parthicopolis”, Studi sull’Oriente Cristiano. Accademia Angelica’Constantiniana di lettere arti e scienze 16, 1, 93-139.
  • Petrova 2015 S. Petrova, “The Early Christian Basilikas in the Urban Planning of Parthicopolis”, Niš and Byzantium, XIII, 161-184.
  • Petrova 2017a S. Petrova, “The Baptistery of the Episcopal Basilica in Parthicopolis”, Niš and Byzantium XV, 133-152.
  • Petrova 2017b S. Petrova, “The Roman Architectonic Decoration Reused in the Early Christian Buildings of Parthicopolis”, PATRIMONIUM.MK 15, 345-384.
  • Petrova 2018 S. Petrova, “The Semicircular Piazza of Parthicopolis in the Development of the Late Antique City Planning”, Niš and Byzantium, XVI, 103-120.
  • Petrova 2020 S. Petrova, “The Chancel Screens of the Episcopal Basilica (No. 4) in Parthicopolis/Bulgaria (Preliminary observations)”, Niš and Byzantium, XVIII, 189-222.
  • Petrova in press S. Petrova, The Early Christian Architecture of Parthicopolis and the Papal Vicariate in Thessaloniki.
  • Petrova - Petkov 2015 S. Petrova - V. Petkov, ‘ΠΑΡΟΙΚΟΠΟΛΙΣ / ΠΑΡΘΙΚΟΠΟΛΙΣ (Paroicopolis/Parthicopolis - Ancient and Early Byzantine City)”, R. Ivanov (ed.), Thracian, Greek, Roman and Medieval Cities, Residences and Fortresses in Bulgaria, Sofia, 341-492.
  • Pillinger et al. 2016 R. Pillinger - A. Lirsch - V. Popova (Hg.), Corpus der spätantiken und frühchristlichen Mosaiken Bulgariens, Wien.
  • Popova 2018 V. Popova, ‘Liturgy and Mosaics: The Case Study of the Late Antique Monuments from Bulgaria”, Niš and Byzantium XVI, 135-160.
  • Stanev 2011 S. Stanev, “Liturgichno planirane: za ili protiv funktsioniraneto na atria v konstantinopolskite tsarkvi prez VII vek”, S. Stanev - V. Grigorov - V. Dimitrov (eds.), Izsledvania v chest na Stefan Boiadzhiev, Sofia, 313-345.
  • Stanev 2013 S. Stanev, “Liturgichno planirane: kade i kak vernite predstaviat svoite prinoshenia”, Problemi na izkustvoto 2, 3-9.
  • Vagalinski 2019 L. Vagalinski, “Heraklea Sintika”, Arheologicheski otkriria i razkopki prez 2018 godina, Sofia, 251-254.

Parthicopolis (Güneybatı Bulgaristan) Katedral Bazilikası’nın (No. 4) Nartheksindeki Mozaik Spolia Kullanımı

Year 2025, Issue: 18, 307 - 316, 11.11.2025
https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1814192

Abstract

Parthicopolis Katedrali Bazilikası - diğer adıyla 4 Numaralı Bazilika ya da Episkopal Bazilika - İS 4. yüzyılın ikinci çeyreğinden 5. yüzyılın sonlarına kadar işlev gören bir kompleksin parçasıdır. Bu kompleks; nartheks, baptisterion, atrium, episkopeion (şapel ve skriptoriumla birlikte), skeuophylakion (σκευοφυλάκιο), mutfak ve çeşitli yan mekânları içeren ayrı bir bazilikayla genişletilmiştir. İlk inşa evresinin ikinci aşamasında, ana nefin güney bölümüne uzun ekseni doğu–batı yönünde konumlanmış iki kollu bir ambon (ambo) yerleştirilmiştir. Bu uygulama sırasında, nefin mozaik döşemesinden çıkarılan parçalar ve üzerlerindeki kırmızı harç ile tesserae atılmamış; spolia (ikincil kullanım malzemesi) olarak, özgün işlevlerinden farklı biçimde yeniden değerlendirilmiştir. Bu parçalar, ikinci kat galerisine bağlanan merdiven kaidesi ile ona bitişik oturma sekisinin (bench) taş sıralarını tesviye etmek amacıyla kullanılmıştır. Bazı parçalar ise dekoratif unsurlar olarak, harçla sıvanmış sekilerin tabanında değerlendirilmiştir. Bu sıra dışı mozaik yeniden kullanımı, erken Bizans Dönemi’ne ait Makedonya ve Trakya (günümüzde Bulgaristan Cumhuriyeti sınırları içinde) anıtları arasında ilk kez tespit edilmiştir.

References

  • Bibliography – Kaynaklar
  • Chaneva-Dechevska 1999 N. Chaneva-Dechevska, Ranno-hristianskata arhitektura v Bulgaria IV-VI v., Sofia.
  • Dimitrova-Milčeva 1991 A. Dimitrova-Milčeva, “Die Spätantike und frühbyzantinische Stadt bei Sandanski (4-6 Jh). Nach Archaeologischer Angaben”, Bulgarian Historical Review 4, 75-84.
  • Dimitrova-Milcheva 2002 A. Dimitrova-Milcheva, “Sandanski (Sveti Vrach)”, R. Ivanov (ed.), Rimski i rannovizantiiski gradove v Bulgaria, Sofia, 269-294.
  • Dimitrova-Milčeva - Petkov 2006 A. Dimitrova-Milčeva - V. Petkov, “Basilika Nr. 4 (Bischofsbasilika) in der Stadt Sandanski (Sv. Vrač). Vorbericht”, E. Maneva (ed.), Folia Archaeologica Balcanica I, In Honorem Verae Bitrakova-Grozdanova, Sкоpjе, 403-424.
  • Dosseva 2011 I. Dosseva, “Rannovizantiiskite amvoni ot teritoriata na savremenna Bulgaria: obraztsi i adaptatsia”, S. Stanev - V. Grigorov - V. Dimitrov (eds.), Izsledvania v chest na Stefan Boiadzhiev, Sofia, 139-160.
  • Dosseva 2017 I. Dosseva, “Byzantine Ambos on the Present-Day Bulgaria: Models and Adaptations”, E. Bakalova, - M. Dimitrova - M. A. Johnson (eds.), Medieval Bulgarian Art and Letters in a Byzantine Context, American Research Center in Sofia, Sofia, 50-68.
  • Farkov 2011 Y. Farkov, “Episkopska basilica v Sandanski”, Arh i Art. Forum, god. XX, br. 19 (99), 3-16.
  • Lilciќ 2003 V. Lilciќ, Makedonskiot kamen za bogovite, hristianite i za jivotot po jivotot, vol. II, Skopije.
  • Petrova 2012 S. Petrova, “On Early Christianity and Early Christian Basilicas of Parthicopolis”, Studi sull’Oriente Cristiano. Accademia Angelica’Constantiniana di lettere arti e scienze 16, 1, 93-139.
  • Petrova 2015 S. Petrova, “The Early Christian Basilikas in the Urban Planning of Parthicopolis”, Niš and Byzantium, XIII, 161-184.
  • Petrova 2017a S. Petrova, “The Baptistery of the Episcopal Basilica in Parthicopolis”, Niš and Byzantium XV, 133-152.
  • Petrova 2017b S. Petrova, “The Roman Architectonic Decoration Reused in the Early Christian Buildings of Parthicopolis”, PATRIMONIUM.MK 15, 345-384.
  • Petrova 2018 S. Petrova, “The Semicircular Piazza of Parthicopolis in the Development of the Late Antique City Planning”, Niš and Byzantium, XVI, 103-120.
  • Petrova 2020 S. Petrova, “The Chancel Screens of the Episcopal Basilica (No. 4) in Parthicopolis/Bulgaria (Preliminary observations)”, Niš and Byzantium, XVIII, 189-222.
  • Petrova in press S. Petrova, The Early Christian Architecture of Parthicopolis and the Papal Vicariate in Thessaloniki.
  • Petrova - Petkov 2015 S. Petrova - V. Petkov, ‘ΠΑΡΟΙΚΟΠΟΛΙΣ / ΠΑΡΘΙΚΟΠΟΛΙΣ (Paroicopolis/Parthicopolis - Ancient and Early Byzantine City)”, R. Ivanov (ed.), Thracian, Greek, Roman and Medieval Cities, Residences and Fortresses in Bulgaria, Sofia, 341-492.
  • Pillinger et al. 2016 R. Pillinger - A. Lirsch - V. Popova (Hg.), Corpus der spätantiken und frühchristlichen Mosaiken Bulgariens, Wien.
  • Popova 2018 V. Popova, ‘Liturgy and Mosaics: The Case Study of the Late Antique Monuments from Bulgaria”, Niš and Byzantium XVI, 135-160.
  • Stanev 2011 S. Stanev, “Liturgichno planirane: za ili protiv funktsioniraneto na atria v konstantinopolskite tsarkvi prez VII vek”, S. Stanev - V. Grigorov - V. Dimitrov (eds.), Izsledvania v chest na Stefan Boiadzhiev, Sofia, 313-345.
  • Stanev 2013 S. Stanev, “Liturgichno planirane: kade i kak vernite predstaviat svoite prinoshenia”, Problemi na izkustvoto 2, 3-9.
  • Vagalinski 2019 L. Vagalinski, “Heraklea Sintika”, Arheologicheski otkriria i razkopki prez 2018 godina, Sofia, 251-254.
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Archaeological Science
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Svetla Petrova-Dineva This is me 0000-0002-7815-9754

Submission Date March 31, 2024
Acceptance Date October 9, 2025
Publication Date November 11, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Issue: 18

Cite

APA Petrova-Dineva, S. (2025). The Mosaic Spolia in the Narthex of the Cathedral Basilica (No. 4) in Parthicopolis, Southwestern Bulgaria. Journal of Mosaic Research(18), 307-316. https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1814192
AMA Petrova-Dineva S. The Mosaic Spolia in the Narthex of the Cathedral Basilica (No. 4) in Parthicopolis, Southwestern Bulgaria. JMR. November 2025;(18):307-316. doi:10.26658/jmr.1814192
Chicago Petrova-Dineva, Svetla. “The Mosaic Spolia in the Narthex of the Cathedral Basilica (No. 4) in Parthicopolis, Southwestern Bulgaria”. Journal of Mosaic Research, no. 18 (November 2025): 307-16. https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1814192.
EndNote Petrova-Dineva S (November 1, 2025) The Mosaic Spolia in the Narthex of the Cathedral Basilica (No. 4) in Parthicopolis, Southwestern Bulgaria. Journal of Mosaic Research 18 307–316.
IEEE S. Petrova-Dineva, “The Mosaic Spolia in the Narthex of the Cathedral Basilica (No. 4) in Parthicopolis, Southwestern Bulgaria”, JMR, no. 18, pp. 307–316, November2025, doi: 10.26658/jmr.1814192.
ISNAD Petrova-Dineva, Svetla. “The Mosaic Spolia in the Narthex of the Cathedral Basilica (No. 4) in Parthicopolis, Southwestern Bulgaria”. Journal of Mosaic Research 18 (November2025), 307-316. https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1814192.
JAMA Petrova-Dineva S. The Mosaic Spolia in the Narthex of the Cathedral Basilica (No. 4) in Parthicopolis, Southwestern Bulgaria. JMR. 2025;:307–316.
MLA Petrova-Dineva, Svetla. “The Mosaic Spolia in the Narthex of the Cathedral Basilica (No. 4) in Parthicopolis, Southwestern Bulgaria”. Journal of Mosaic Research, no. 18, 2025, pp. 307-16, doi:10.26658/jmr.1814192.
Vancouver Petrova-Dineva S. The Mosaic Spolia in the Narthex of the Cathedral Basilica (No. 4) in Parthicopolis, Southwestern Bulgaria. JMR. 2025(18):307-16.

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