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Apollonia’daki (Arnavutluk) Athena Domus’u: Yeniden Değerlendirme

Year 2016, Issue: 9, 23 - 38, 31.12.2016
https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.311173

Abstract

Arnavutluk’un güneybatısında yer alan Apollonia kenti İ.Ö. 588 yılında Korinthliler ve Corcyrialılar tarafından kurulmuş olup, daha sonraları Cicero tarafından “admirabilis urbs/hayranlık uyandıran” olarak tanımlanmıştır. İ.Ö. 44 yılında Augustus ve Agrippa Apollonia’da retorik/söz sanatı üzerine çalışırlarken, Caesar’ın ölümünü haber almışlar ve Roma’ya dönüp iktidarı yeniden ele almak için yerli halkın yardımını almışlardır. Kent, denizden 12 km uzaklıktadır ve Aoos Nehri’nin hemen sağ kıyısındaki konumu ile farklı kültürler için hem bir kavşak hem de bir sınır niteliği taşımaktadır: Illyrialılar, Makedonyalılar, Yunanlar ve Romalılar yüzyıllar boyunca bölgeyi iskan etmişlerdir.

Domus, İ.S. 2-3. yüzyıllara tarihlenmektedir ve Adriyatik Denizi’nin doğusunda ve batısındaki “konut modası’nın” bağlantısını yansıtmaktadır. Arkeologlar tarafından odanın içinde bulunan Athena büstü nedeniyle domus literatürde “Athena Evi” ve kazı sırasında D kısmında bulunmuş olmasından dolayı da “D Evi” olarak bilinmektedir. Bu araştırmanın ilk amacı evin mimari ve dekoratif öğelerin analiz edilmesiyle kentin beğenilerinin anlaşılmasıdır. İkinci amaç ise ev sahibinin sosyal ve ekonomik olarak kendini temsil etme ihtiyacını ve burada çalışan zanaatkarların becerilerini anlayabilmektir.

References

  • Alcock 1993 S. E. Alcock, Graecia Capta, The Landscapes of Roman Greece, Cambridge.
  • Anamali – Adhami 1974 S. Anamali – S. Adhami, Mosaïques de l’Albanie, Tiranë.
  • Blawatsky 1962 W. D. Blawatsky, Ausgrabungen in Apollonia in Illyrien (1958), Klio 40, 271-291.
  • Bllavatski – Islami 1960 V. D. Bllavatski – S. Islami, Gërmimet në Apolloni dhe Orik gjatë vitit 1958, Buletini i Universitetit Shtetëror të Tiranës Seria Shkencat Shoqërore 1, Tiranë, 51-91.
  • Bonini 2003 P. Bonini, “Erat Athenis spatiosa et capax domus…” Architettura domestica di Atene romana, ASAtene LXXXI, serie 3, Tomo I, 197-248.
  • Bonini 2006a P. Bonini, La casa nella Grecia romana. Forme e funzioni della spazio privato fra I e VI secolo, Roma.
  • Bonini 2006b P. Bonini, “Riflessi di romanità in Grecia: le abitazioni e l’arte del giardino”, RdA XXX, 93-110.
  • Bonini – Rinaldi 2003 P. Bonini – F. Rinaldi, “Gli ambienti di servizio, Amplissimae atque ornatissimae domus (Aug., civ., II, 20, 26)”, S. Bullo e F. Ghedini (eds.), L’edilizia residenziale nelle città della Tunisia romana, Roma, 189-220.
  • Bowden et al. 2011 W. Bowden – K. Francis – O. Gilkes – K. Lako, “The Domus and the Triconch Palace, Butrint 3”, R. Hodges and W. Bowden (eds.), Excavations at the Triconch Palace, Oxford, 11-55.
  • Bowden – Përzhita 2007 W. Bowden – L. Përzhita, “Diaporit - una villa romana e un monastero tardo”, Groma. Archeologia tra Piceno, Dalmazia ed Epiro 1, Bologna, 101-106.
  • Braccesi 2014 L. Braccesi, “Ionios Poros. La porta dell’occidente”, Hesperia 31, Roma.
  • Budina 1972 D. Budina, Antigonea, Iliria II, Tiranë, 269-378.
  • Ceka 1958 H. Ceka, “Mbi historikun e kërkimeve dhe gërmimeve arkeologjike në Apolloni”, Buletini i Universitetit Shtetëror të Tiranës Seria Shkencat Shoqërore 3, Tiranë, 213-242.
  • Ceka 1959 H. Ceka, “Apollonia”, Tiranë.
  • Ceka 1994 N. Ceka, Apollonia, Enciclopedia dell’Atre Antica, II suppl., vol. I, Roma, 280-281.
  • Ceka 2005 N. Ceka, Apollonia, Tiranë.
  • Ceka – Mucaj 2005 N. Ceka – S. Muçaj, Byllis. Its History and Monuments, Tiranë.
  • Çikopano 2006 U. Çikapano, “Mozaik antik e paleokristian në Apolloni”, Monumentet, Tiranë, 172-199.
  • Dautaj – Lenhardt – Quantin 2007 B. Dautaj – P. Lenhardt – F. Quantin, “L’urbanisme d’Apollonia d’Illyrie. Constats et prèmieres observations”, Apollonia d’Illyrie, 1, Atlas archéologique et histoire, a cura di V. Dimo, Ph. Lenhardt e F. Quantin, Rome, 339-349.
  • De Maria – Gorica 2012 S. de Maria – S. Gorica, “Vitruvio e la casa dei due peristili a Phoinike”, Ocnus 20, Bologna, 61-82.
  • De Maria – Gorica 2014 S. de Maria – S. Gorica, “Edilizia domestica di età ellenistica in Epiro e Illiria meridionale”, Hellenistische Häuser und ihre Funktionen, a cura di A. Haug e D. Steuernagel, Internationale Tagung (Kiel, 2013), Bonn, 177-196.
  • Dimo – Lenhardt – Quantin 2007 V. Dimo – P. Lenhardt – F. Quantin, Apollonia d’Illyrie, 1, Atlas archéologique et historique, Roma.
  • Dunbabin 1999 K. M. Dunbabin, Mosaics of the Greek and Roman World, Cambridge.
  • Ellis 1988 S. P. Ellis, “The End of the Roman House”, AJA 92, 565- 576.
  • Ghedini 1997 F. Ghedini, “Achille nel repertorio musivo tardo antico fra tradizione e innovazione”, Actes du VIIIéme Colloque International pour l’Étude de la Mosaïque Antique et Médiévale, Lausanne (Suisse): 6-11 octobre 1997, vol. II, Lausanne, 58-73.
  • Ghedini – Novello 2009 F. Ghedini – M. Novello, “L’edilizia residenziale”, Moenibus et portu celeberrima: Aquileia: storia di una città, a cura di F. Ghedini, M. Bueno, M. Novello, Roma, 111-125.
  • Guidobaldi 1985 F. Guidobaldi, “Pavimenti in opus sectile di Roma e dell’area romana: proposte per una classificazione e criteri di datazione”, StMisc 26, Roma, 171-233.
  • Guidobaldi – Gregori 1996 F. Guidobaldi – L. Gregori, “Pavimenti a commesso di mattonelle in laterizio di età romana. Indagine preliminare”, Atti del III Colloquio dell’Associazione Italiana per lo Studio e la Conservazione del Mosaico, Bordighera, 6-10 dicembre 1996, a cura di F. Guidobaldi, A. G. Guidobaldi, Bordighera, 247-260.
  • Greenslade 2013 S. Greenslade, “The Vrina Plane Settlement between the 1st-13th Centuries”, I.L. Hansen, R. Hodges, S. Leppard (eds.) Butrint 4. The Archaeology and Histories of an Ionian Town, Oxfrod, 123-164.
  • Gros 2001 P. Gros, L’architecture romaine du début du III siécle av. J.-C. à la fin du Haut-Empire, vol. 2, Maisons, palais, villas et tombeaux, Paris.
  • Hirschfeld 1995 Y. Hirschfeld, The Palestinian Dwelling in the Roman-Byzantine Period, Jerusalem.
  • Hoepfner 1999 W. Hoepfner, “Die Epochen der Griechen”, Geschichte des Wohnens, I, 5000 v. Chr.-500 n. Chr. Vorgeschichte, Frühgeschichte, Antike, a cura di W. Hoepfner, Stuttgart, 123-608.
  • Mano 2006 A. Mano, Apolonia e Ilirisë kërkime dhe studime arkeologjike, Tiranë.
  • Meyer 1999 K. E. Meyer, “Axial Peristyle Houses in the Western Empire”, JRA 12, 101-121.
  • Nevett 1999 L. Nevett, House and Society in the Ancient Greek World, Cambridge.
  • Omari 2009 E. Omari, Storia e sviluppo dei rivestimenti pavimentali nella parte sud-occidentale dei Balcani. Albania (fine IV /inizio III sec. a. C. – VI sec. d.C.), PhD Thesis (unpublished), Padova.
  • Omari 2011 E. Omari, “The history and Development of Mosaics in Albania (4th / 3rd century B.C. – 6th century A.D.)”, 11th International Colloquium on Ancient Mosaics, October 16th-20th 2009, Bursa, 675-692.
  • Praschniker 1922-1924 C. Praschniker, Muzakhia und Malakastra, Wien.
  • Prendi – Skënderaj 2004 F. Prendi – A. Skënderaj, “Një vështrim rreth banesës antike të Apollonisë”, Illiria XXIII-XXIV, 1-2, Tiranë, 215-243.
  • Prendi – Skënderaj 2007 F. Prendi – A. Skënderaj, “Les domus d’Apollonia, in Apollonia d’Illyrie”, 1, Atlas archéologique et histoire, a cura di V. Dimo, Ph. Lenhardt e F. Quantin, Rome, 290-300.
  • Pushimaj 2012 P. Pushimaj, “Një këndvështrim mbi mozaikun e Akilit dhe Pentesieas në Apoloni”, Iliria XXXVI, 1-2, Tiranë, 225-240.
  • Rouland 1979 N. Rouland, Pouvoir politique et dépendance personnelle dans l’Antiquité romaine, Bruxelles.
  • Skënderaj 2004 A. Skënderaj, “La villa d’Athéna à Apollonia d’Illyrie: chronologie et techniques de construction, L’Illyrie Méridionale et l’Épore dans Antiquité”, Actes du IVe colloque international de Grenoble (10-12 octobre 2002) a cura di P. Cabanes e J.-L. Lamboley, Paris, 311-316.
  • Thébert 1986 Y. Thébert, Vita privata e architettura domestica nell’Africa romana, P. Brown, E. Patlagean, M. Rouche,
  • Y. Thébert, P. Veyne, La vita privata dall’Impero Romano all’anno mille, Roma-Bari.
  • Wallace Hadrill 1994 A. Wallace Hadrill, Houses and Society in Pompeii and Herculaneum, Princeton.

The Athena Domus at Apollonia (Albania): A Reassessment

Year 2016, Issue: 9, 23 - 38, 31.12.2016
https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.311173

Abstract

The city of Apollonia, located to the South-west of modern Albania, was founded in 588 B.C. by Corinthian and Corcyrian people, and was later described by Cicero as an admirabilis urbs. In 44 B.C. when Augustus and Agrippa were studying rhetoric in Apollonia, they got to know of the killing of Caesar and were helped by the local people to return to Rome and take the power back. The city, located on the right bank of the river Aoos, only 12 km from the sea, was a crossroads and a filter for different cultures: Illyrians, Macedonians, the Greeks and the Romans have inhabited the territory over the centuries.

The domus, dated between 2nd and 3rd century A.D., represents the connection of the “residential fashion” present at the East and West of the Adriatic Sea. The domus is known in the literature as the “Athena house” because of the statue discovered by the archaeologists inside of it, but also as the “D house” because it was unearthed in “Sector D” of the excavation. The first goal of the research is to analyse the architectural and decorative aspects of the house to understand the tastes of this site. The second goal is to understand the needs of the customer’s social and economic selfrepresentation and the skills of the craftsmen who worked there.

References

  • Alcock 1993 S. E. Alcock, Graecia Capta, The Landscapes of Roman Greece, Cambridge.
  • Anamali – Adhami 1974 S. Anamali – S. Adhami, Mosaïques de l’Albanie, Tiranë.
  • Blawatsky 1962 W. D. Blawatsky, Ausgrabungen in Apollonia in Illyrien (1958), Klio 40, 271-291.
  • Bllavatski – Islami 1960 V. D. Bllavatski – S. Islami, Gërmimet në Apolloni dhe Orik gjatë vitit 1958, Buletini i Universitetit Shtetëror të Tiranës Seria Shkencat Shoqërore 1, Tiranë, 51-91.
  • Bonini 2003 P. Bonini, “Erat Athenis spatiosa et capax domus…” Architettura domestica di Atene romana, ASAtene LXXXI, serie 3, Tomo I, 197-248.
  • Bonini 2006a P. Bonini, La casa nella Grecia romana. Forme e funzioni della spazio privato fra I e VI secolo, Roma.
  • Bonini 2006b P. Bonini, “Riflessi di romanità in Grecia: le abitazioni e l’arte del giardino”, RdA XXX, 93-110.
  • Bonini – Rinaldi 2003 P. Bonini – F. Rinaldi, “Gli ambienti di servizio, Amplissimae atque ornatissimae domus (Aug., civ., II, 20, 26)”, S. Bullo e F. Ghedini (eds.), L’edilizia residenziale nelle città della Tunisia romana, Roma, 189-220.
  • Bowden et al. 2011 W. Bowden – K. Francis – O. Gilkes – K. Lako, “The Domus and the Triconch Palace, Butrint 3”, R. Hodges and W. Bowden (eds.), Excavations at the Triconch Palace, Oxford, 11-55.
  • Bowden – Përzhita 2007 W. Bowden – L. Përzhita, “Diaporit - una villa romana e un monastero tardo”, Groma. Archeologia tra Piceno, Dalmazia ed Epiro 1, Bologna, 101-106.
  • Braccesi 2014 L. Braccesi, “Ionios Poros. La porta dell’occidente”, Hesperia 31, Roma.
  • Budina 1972 D. Budina, Antigonea, Iliria II, Tiranë, 269-378.
  • Ceka 1958 H. Ceka, “Mbi historikun e kërkimeve dhe gërmimeve arkeologjike në Apolloni”, Buletini i Universitetit Shtetëror të Tiranës Seria Shkencat Shoqërore 3, Tiranë, 213-242.
  • Ceka 1959 H. Ceka, “Apollonia”, Tiranë.
  • Ceka 1994 N. Ceka, Apollonia, Enciclopedia dell’Atre Antica, II suppl., vol. I, Roma, 280-281.
  • Ceka 2005 N. Ceka, Apollonia, Tiranë.
  • Ceka – Mucaj 2005 N. Ceka – S. Muçaj, Byllis. Its History and Monuments, Tiranë.
  • Çikopano 2006 U. Çikapano, “Mozaik antik e paleokristian në Apolloni”, Monumentet, Tiranë, 172-199.
  • Dautaj – Lenhardt – Quantin 2007 B. Dautaj – P. Lenhardt – F. Quantin, “L’urbanisme d’Apollonia d’Illyrie. Constats et prèmieres observations”, Apollonia d’Illyrie, 1, Atlas archéologique et histoire, a cura di V. Dimo, Ph. Lenhardt e F. Quantin, Rome, 339-349.
  • De Maria – Gorica 2012 S. de Maria – S. Gorica, “Vitruvio e la casa dei due peristili a Phoinike”, Ocnus 20, Bologna, 61-82.
  • De Maria – Gorica 2014 S. de Maria – S. Gorica, “Edilizia domestica di età ellenistica in Epiro e Illiria meridionale”, Hellenistische Häuser und ihre Funktionen, a cura di A. Haug e D. Steuernagel, Internationale Tagung (Kiel, 2013), Bonn, 177-196.
  • Dimo – Lenhardt – Quantin 2007 V. Dimo – P. Lenhardt – F. Quantin, Apollonia d’Illyrie, 1, Atlas archéologique et historique, Roma.
  • Dunbabin 1999 K. M. Dunbabin, Mosaics of the Greek and Roman World, Cambridge.
  • Ellis 1988 S. P. Ellis, “The End of the Roman House”, AJA 92, 565- 576.
  • Ghedini 1997 F. Ghedini, “Achille nel repertorio musivo tardo antico fra tradizione e innovazione”, Actes du VIIIéme Colloque International pour l’Étude de la Mosaïque Antique et Médiévale, Lausanne (Suisse): 6-11 octobre 1997, vol. II, Lausanne, 58-73.
  • Ghedini – Novello 2009 F. Ghedini – M. Novello, “L’edilizia residenziale”, Moenibus et portu celeberrima: Aquileia: storia di una città, a cura di F. Ghedini, M. Bueno, M. Novello, Roma, 111-125.
  • Guidobaldi 1985 F. Guidobaldi, “Pavimenti in opus sectile di Roma e dell’area romana: proposte per una classificazione e criteri di datazione”, StMisc 26, Roma, 171-233.
  • Guidobaldi – Gregori 1996 F. Guidobaldi – L. Gregori, “Pavimenti a commesso di mattonelle in laterizio di età romana. Indagine preliminare”, Atti del III Colloquio dell’Associazione Italiana per lo Studio e la Conservazione del Mosaico, Bordighera, 6-10 dicembre 1996, a cura di F. Guidobaldi, A. G. Guidobaldi, Bordighera, 247-260.
  • Greenslade 2013 S. Greenslade, “The Vrina Plane Settlement between the 1st-13th Centuries”, I.L. Hansen, R. Hodges, S. Leppard (eds.) Butrint 4. The Archaeology and Histories of an Ionian Town, Oxfrod, 123-164.
  • Gros 2001 P. Gros, L’architecture romaine du début du III siécle av. J.-C. à la fin du Haut-Empire, vol. 2, Maisons, palais, villas et tombeaux, Paris.
  • Hirschfeld 1995 Y. Hirschfeld, The Palestinian Dwelling in the Roman-Byzantine Period, Jerusalem.
  • Hoepfner 1999 W. Hoepfner, “Die Epochen der Griechen”, Geschichte des Wohnens, I, 5000 v. Chr.-500 n. Chr. Vorgeschichte, Frühgeschichte, Antike, a cura di W. Hoepfner, Stuttgart, 123-608.
  • Mano 2006 A. Mano, Apolonia e Ilirisë kërkime dhe studime arkeologjike, Tiranë.
  • Meyer 1999 K. E. Meyer, “Axial Peristyle Houses in the Western Empire”, JRA 12, 101-121.
  • Nevett 1999 L. Nevett, House and Society in the Ancient Greek World, Cambridge.
  • Omari 2009 E. Omari, Storia e sviluppo dei rivestimenti pavimentali nella parte sud-occidentale dei Balcani. Albania (fine IV /inizio III sec. a. C. – VI sec. d.C.), PhD Thesis (unpublished), Padova.
  • Omari 2011 E. Omari, “The history and Development of Mosaics in Albania (4th / 3rd century B.C. – 6th century A.D.)”, 11th International Colloquium on Ancient Mosaics, October 16th-20th 2009, Bursa, 675-692.
  • Praschniker 1922-1924 C. Praschniker, Muzakhia und Malakastra, Wien.
  • Prendi – Skënderaj 2004 F. Prendi – A. Skënderaj, “Një vështrim rreth banesës antike të Apollonisë”, Illiria XXIII-XXIV, 1-2, Tiranë, 215-243.
  • Prendi – Skënderaj 2007 F. Prendi – A. Skënderaj, “Les domus d’Apollonia, in Apollonia d’Illyrie”, 1, Atlas archéologique et histoire, a cura di V. Dimo, Ph. Lenhardt e F. Quantin, Rome, 290-300.
  • Pushimaj 2012 P. Pushimaj, “Një këndvështrim mbi mozaikun e Akilit dhe Pentesieas në Apoloni”, Iliria XXXVI, 1-2, Tiranë, 225-240.
  • Rouland 1979 N. Rouland, Pouvoir politique et dépendance personnelle dans l’Antiquité romaine, Bruxelles.
  • Skënderaj 2004 A. Skënderaj, “La villa d’Athéna à Apollonia d’Illyrie: chronologie et techniques de construction, L’Illyrie Méridionale et l’Épore dans Antiquité”, Actes du IVe colloque international de Grenoble (10-12 octobre 2002) a cura di P. Cabanes e J.-L. Lamboley, Paris, 311-316.
  • Thébert 1986 Y. Thébert, Vita privata e architettura domestica nell’Africa romana, P. Brown, E. Patlagean, M. Rouche,
  • Y. Thébert, P. Veyne, La vita privata dall’Impero Romano all’anno mille, Roma-Bari.
  • Wallace Hadrill 1994 A. Wallace Hadrill, Houses and Society in Pompeii and Herculaneum, Princeton.
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Archaeology
Journal Section Article
Authors

Elda Omarı This is me

Paolo Bonını This is me

Publication Date December 31, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Issue: 9

Cite

APA Omarı, E., & Bonını, P. (2016). The Athena Domus at Apollonia (Albania): A Reassessment. Journal of Mosaic Research(9), 23-38. https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.311173
AMA Omarı E, Bonını P. The Athena Domus at Apollonia (Albania): A Reassessment. JMR. December 2016;(9):23-38. doi:10.26658/jmr.311173
Chicago Omarı, Elda, and Paolo Bonını. “The Athena Domus at Apollonia (Albania): A Reassessment”. Journal of Mosaic Research, no. 9 (December 2016): 23-38. https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.311173.
EndNote Omarı E, Bonını P (December 1, 2016) The Athena Domus at Apollonia (Albania): A Reassessment. Journal of Mosaic Research 9 23–38.
IEEE E. Omarı and P. Bonını, “The Athena Domus at Apollonia (Albania): A Reassessment”, JMR, no. 9, pp. 23–38, December 2016, doi: 10.26658/jmr.311173.
ISNAD Omarı, Elda - Bonını, Paolo. “The Athena Domus at Apollonia (Albania): A Reassessment”. Journal of Mosaic Research 9 (December 2016), 23-38. https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.311173.
JAMA Omarı E, Bonını P. The Athena Domus at Apollonia (Albania): A Reassessment. JMR. 2016;:23–38.
MLA Omarı, Elda and Paolo Bonını. “The Athena Domus at Apollonia (Albania): A Reassessment”. Journal of Mosaic Research, no. 9, 2016, pp. 23-38, doi:10.26658/jmr.311173.
Vancouver Omarı E, Bonını P. The Athena Domus at Apollonia (Albania): A Reassessment. JMR. 2016(9):23-38.

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