Hierapolis (Pamukkale) Saint Philip Kilisesi Mozaik Harcının Analizi ve Konservasyonu

Year 2023, Issue: 16, 477 - 487, 03.11.2023

Sına Noeı

https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1377325

Cited By: 1

Abstract

2010 yılında Hierapolis (Pamukkale) Antik Kenti’nde yapılan kazılar sonucu Saint Philip Kilisesi’nde mezar odasının arka tarafında bulunan taban mozaiği kaçak yapılan hafriyat ve meydana gelen depremler sebebiyle büyük ölçüde zarar görmüştür. Yapılan incelemeler sonucu iki panelden oluşan mozaiğin acilen kaldırılması ve koruma altına alınması kararlaştırıldı. 2010 kazı sezonunun son haftasında açığa çıkan mozaik 3 günde kaldırılıp bir sonraki kazı sezonunda konservasyon çalışmalarının yapılması amacıyla depoya yerleştirilmiştir.
Kaldırma sırasında 1 adet harç örneği alınarak; tuz testleri (klorür, sülfat, nitrat ve karbonat), yağ ve protein testi, kızdırma kaybı, asitle muamele sonrasında tane boyutu dağılımı analizi, nem miktarı SEM-EDX, XRD ve petrografik analizler (ince ve kalın (parlak) kesitler, Stereo ve Polarizan Mikroskop ile incelemeler) yapılmıştır.
2011 kazı sezonunda mozaiğin arkasındaki harç mekanik yöntemlerle temizlenerek analiz sonuçları doğrultusunda tessera tabakasının arkasına orijinal harca uygun konservasyon harcı uygulandı ve bir sene kurumaya bırakıldı. 2012 sezonunda ise mozaikler Aerolam panellerin üzerine transfer edilerek konservasyonu yapıldı. İki ayrı aerolam panel üzerine yerleştirilen mozaikler orijinal yerinde sergileme koşulları sağlanana kadar depoda koruma altına alınmıştır.

Keywords

Mozaik, konservasyon, harç analizi, Hierapolis, restorasyon, kaldırma

Mortar Analysis and Conservation of the Saint Philip Church’s Mosaic in Hierapolis (Pamukkale)

Abstract

During the last days of excavations carried out in the ancient city of Hierapolis (Pamukkale) in 2010, a floor mosaic was revealed at the back of the burial chamber in the Church of Saint Philip that was badly damaged due to illegal excavations and earthquakes. So, it was decided to lift the mosaic panels (2 panels) immediately and take it under protection. The mosaic, which was revealed in the last week of the 2010 excavation season, was lifted in 3 days and placed in the depot for conservation work in the next excavation season.
During the lifting we took a sample from bedding mortar of the mosaic and we carried out these simple and sophisticated analyses; salt tests, oil and protein tests, loss of ignition, reaction with acid (acid loss), moisture content, SEM-EDX, XRD and Petrographic analysis (thin and thick (lively) sections, Stereo and Polarizing microscope observations) and Particle size distribution analysis.
In the 2011 excavation season, the bedding mortar behind the mosaic was cleaned with physical and mechanical methods, and according to the results of the analysis, a conservation mortar suitable for the original mortar was applied to the back of the tessera layer and left to dry for one year. In the 2012 season, the mosaics were transferred to Aerolam panels. After removing the facing layer and final cleaning, conservation activities were concluded. Both panels were placed under protection in the warehouse of Pamukkale museum to later be exhibited in their original place.

Keywords

Mosaic, conservation, mortar analysis, Hierapolis, restoration, lifting

References

• Aydın - Kavşut 2021 M. Aydın – F. Kavşut, “Determination of the Type and Origin of Stone Tesseras Used in Antiochian Mosaics, Museum Hotel Example”, JMR 14, 13-28.
• Barov 1985 Z. Barov, Recent Developments in Mosaic Lifting Techniques and New Supports for Removed Floor Mosaics. (No. 3), ICCROM, Italy.
• Caggia 2016 P. M. Caggia, “The Marbles of the Church of Saint Philip in Hierapolis. Phases of Construction and Opus Sectile Flooring”, T. Ismaelli - G. Scardozzi (eds.), Ancient Quarries and Building Sites in Asia Minor, Research on Hierapolis in Phrygia and Other Cities in South-Western Anatolia: Archaeology, Archaeometry, Conservation, Bari, Edipuglia, 473-488.
• Caggia 2018 M. P. Caggia, “Mosaic and Opus Sectile Pavements in the Church of St. Philip in Hierapolis”, C. Şimşek - T. Kaçar (eds.), The Lykos Valley and Neighbourhood in Late Antiquity - Laodikeia Çalışmaları Supplementary Series 1, İstanbul, 309-323.
• Cantisani et al. 2016a E. Cantisani - S. Vettori - P. M. Caggia, “Mortar and Plasters of the Saint Phillip Church”, T. Ismaelli - G. Scardozzi (eds.), Ancient Quarries and Building Sites in Asia Minor, Research on Hierapolis in Phrygia and Other Cities in South-Western Anatolia: Archaeology, Archaeometry, Conservation, Bari, Edipuglia, 511-521.
• Cantisani et al. 2016b E. Cantisani - S. Vettori - T. Ismaelli - G. Scardozzi, “Imperial Age Mortars at Hierapolis: Raw Materials and Technologies”, T. Ismaelli – Gi. Scardozzi (eds.), Ancient Quarries and Building Sites in Asia Minor, Research on Hierapolis in Phrygia and Other Cities in South-Western Anatolia: Archaeology, Archaeometry, Conservation, Bari, Edipuglia, 589-605.
• Cura 2021 M. Cura, “Farklı Bir Mozaik Kaldırma Tekniği – Zarflama (Controcalco)”, Lycus Dergisi 3, 77-91.
• Güleç - Ersen 1998 A. Güleç - A. Ersen, “Characterization of ancient mortars: Evaluation of simple and sophistic ated methods”, Journal of Architectural Conservation 4(1), 56-67.
• Küçük - Yar 2012 C. Küçük - M. Yar, “Kahramanmaraş Mozaikleri Konservasyon Çalışmaları”, JMR 5, 89-95.
• Selvig vd. 1983 F. Selvig - C. Rockwell - S. Inman - W. Novis - G. de Guichen, Mosaics No. 2, Safeguard; Périgueux 1980, ICCROM, Italy.
• Vincent 2008 R. Vincent, “Conservation and display of three mosaics in the Greco-Roman Museum, Alexandria, Egypt”, A. Ben Abed - M. Demas - T. Roby (eds.), Lessons Learned: Reflecting on the Theory and Practice of Mosaic Conservation, Proceedings of the 9th ICCM Conference, Hammamet, Tunisia, 100-102.