Yüksek Rakımlı Karstik Bir Mağara Deresinin (Güvercinkaya Mağarası: Çanakkale, Türkiye) Hidrokimyasal ve Bakteriyolojik Durumu ile Sucul Makroomurgasız Bulguları

Abstract

Mağaralar maden bilimi, biyoloji, hidrojeoloji ve arkeoloji dahil olmak üzere doğa bilimlerinin pek çok disiplini için bir laboratuvar niteliğindedir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'nin kuzeybatısında yer alan yüksek rakımlı bir mağara olan Güvercinkaya Mağarası'nın seçilen bölümlerinden, hidrokimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik özellikleri ile sucul makroomurgasızlarının değerlendirilmesi için iki aylık periyotlarda bir yıl örneklemeler yapılmıştır. Suyun pH, elektriksel iletkenlik, sıcaklık, oksidasyon-redüksiyon potansiyeli, çözünmüş oksijen gibi bazı parametreleri yerinde ölçülürken, elementler (toplam 70 adet) ve suyun bazı iyonları laboratuvarda analiz edilmiştir. Mikrobiyolojik analizlerde toplam bakteri, toplam koliform, fekal koliform, fekal Streptococcus ve Escherichia coli analizleri yapılmıştır. Hidrokimyasal verilerin Piper diyagramı değerlendirildiğinde, mağara deresinin esas olarak Ca-Mg-HCO3 karakterine sahip olduğunu, Schoeller diyagramının ise ana iyonik bileşenlerin, aynı modeli takip etmesinden dolayı ortak bir su kaynağını işaret ettiği görülmüştür. Mikrobiyolojik analizler sonucunda, mağarada aktif bir yaban hayatı olduğunu gösteren, dışkı kaynaklı bir kontaminasyon belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca mağara deresinde, troglobiont olmayan sucul omurgasızlardan Rhynchelmis limosella, Dugesia sp. ve Gammarus uludagi tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada tespit edilen Rhynchelmis limosella Türkiye faunası için ilk kayıttır.

Keywords

• Karstik mağara
• Yeraltı suyu
• Hidrokimya
• Bakteriyel Bulaşma
• Sucul makroomurgasızlar

Hydrochemical and Bacteriological Status of a High Altitude Karstic Cave Stream (Güvercinkaya Cave: Çanakkale, Turkey) with Aquatic Macroinvertebrates Findings

Abstract

Caves are laboratories for many disciplines that work in natural sciences including mineralogy, biology, hydrogeology, and archaeology. In this study, bi-monthly samplings were carried out from three sampling locations within and around the Güvercinkaya Cave, a high-altitude cave located in northwestern Turkey, to evaluate the hydrochemical and microbiological properties and the aquatic macroinvertebrates of the cave stream. Some parameters of the water including pH, electrical conductivity, temperature, oxidation-reduction potential, and dissolved oxygen were measured in-situ, while elemental (70 in total) and ionic composition of water were analyzed in the laboratory. Microbiological analyses of the cave stream were examined through analyses of total bacteria, total coliforms, fecal coliforms, fecal Streptococcus, and Escherichia coli. According to the Piper diagram of hydrochemical data, the cave stream had mainly Ca-Mg-HCO3 character, on the other hand, the Schoeller diagram indicated a common water source in Güvercinkaya cave due to the similar components of the main ionic components of the water. As a result of microbiological analysis, fecal contamination was determined, indicating active wildlife in the cave. Additionally, several aquatic macroinvertebrates taxa, Rhynchelmis limosella, Dugesia sp., Gammarus uludagi which have non-troglobiont character were found in the cave stream. Rhynchelmis limosella detected in this study is the first record for the Turkish fauna.

Keywords

• Karstic Cave
• Groundwater
• Hydrochemistry
• Bacterial Contamination
• Aquatic Macroinvertebrates.

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