İki Kefal Türünün (Chelon auratus, Mugil cephalus) Kimyasal Kompozisyonu: Doğal ve Akuakültüre Adapte Edilmiş Türlerin Karşılaştırılması
Year 2024,
, 52 - 66, 10.07.2024
Ekrem Cem Çankırılıgil
,
Ayça Altuntaş
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, doğal ve kültüre adapte edilmiş altınbaş kefal (Chelon auratus) ve has kefal (Mugil cephalus) türlerinin kimyasal bileşimi değerlendirilmiştir. Örnekler Trabzon kıyılarından mevsimsel olarak avlanmış ve bir yıl boyunca yetiştiricilik şartlarına adapte edilen bireylerle karşılaştırılmıştır. Her iki türde de yüksek düzeyde glutamat, aspartat, alanin, lösin ve izolösin tespit edilmiştir. Mugil cephalus, doğal ve kültür formlarında 100'ün üzerinde bir sindirilebilir elzem amino asit skoruna (DIAAS) sahip yüksek protein kaynağı olarak belirlenmiştir. Ancak, 100'ü aşan DIAAS skoru sadece kış ve ilkbaharda doğadan avlanan Chelon auratus'ta tespit edilmiştir. Her iki türde de yüksek miktarda EPA ve DHA tespit edilmiş olup Mugil cephalus türünün en yüksek lipit kalitesine sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Mevsimsel değişikliklere rağmen, kültüre adapte edilen balıkların, özellikle sonbahar ve yaz aylarında, doğadan avlanan balıklara benzer iyi bir besin profilini koruduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Project Number
TAGEM/HAYSUD/2015/A11/P-01/4
References
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- Nurnadia, A. A., Azrina, A., & Amin, I. (2011). Proximate composition and energetic value of selected marine fish and shellfish from the West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. International Food Research Journal, 18, 137–148.
- Özden, Ö., & Erkan, N. (2008). A preliminary study of amino acid and mineral profiles of important and estimable 21 seafood species. British Food Journal, 113(4), 457–469. https://doi.org/10.1108/MBE-09-2016-0047
- Quirós-Pozo, R., Concu, D., Robaina, L., Vallainc, D., Loi, B., & Roo, J. (2023). Effects of different co-feeding protocols on the early weaning of flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) larvae. Animals, 13(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13101685
- Ramos-Júdez, S., Estévez, A., González-López, W. Á., & Duncan, N. (2023). Lipid and fatty acid composition of muscle, liver, ovary, and peritoneal fat in wild flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) according to ovarian development. Theriogenology, 198, 317–326. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.12.046
- Sahena, F., Zaidul, I. S. M., Jinap, S., Saari, N., Jahurul, H. A., Abbas, K. A., & Norulaini, N. A. (2009). PUFAs in fish: Extraction, fractionation, importance in health. Comprehensive Review in Food Science and Food Safety, 8, 59–74.
- Santos-Silva, J., Bessa, R. J. B., & Santos-Silva, F. (2002). Effect of genotype, feeding system and slaughter weight on the quality of light lambs. II. Fatty acid composition of meat. Livestock Production Science, 77(2–3), 187–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(02)00059-3
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- Shaheen, N., Islam, S., Munmun, S., Mohiduzzaman, Md., & Longvah, T. (2016). Amino acid profiles and digestible indispensable amino acid scores of proteins from the prioritized key foods in Bangladesh. Food Chemistry, 23, 83-89.
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- Whitfield, A. K., & Durand, J.-D. (2023). An overview of grey mullet (Mugilidae) global occurrence and species-rich ecoregions, with indications of possible past dispersal routes within the family. Journal of Fish Biology, 103(2), 202–219. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15450
- WHO/FAO/UNU Expert Consultation (2007). Protein and amino acid requirements in human nutrition. World Health Organization technical report series (935).
- Wołoszyn, J., Haraf, G., Okruszek, A., Wereńska, M., Goluch, Z., & Teleszko, M. (2020). Fatty acid profiles and health lipid indices in the breast muscles of local Polish goose varieties. Poultry Science, 99(2), 1216–1224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.026
- Yiğit, M., & Aral, O. (1999). Comparison of the growth differences of rainbow a trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W., 1792) in freshwater and seawater (the Black Sea). Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, 23(1), 53–59.
- Yu, Y., Li, C., Liu, J., Zhu, F., Wei, S., Huang, Y., Huang, X., & Qin, Q. (2020). Palmitic acid promotes virus replication in fish cell by modulating autophagy flux and TBK1-IRF3/7 Pathway. Frontiers in Immunology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01764.
Chemical Composition of Two Grey Mullet Species (Chelon auratus, Mugil cephalus): A Comparative Study on Wild and Aquaculture-Adapted Species
Year 2024,
, 52 - 66, 10.07.2024
Ekrem Cem Çankırılıgil
,
Ayça Altuntaş
Abstract
This study assessed the chemical composition of wild and culture-adapted golden grey mullet (Chelon auratus) and flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus). Wild samples were collected seasonally from Trabzon shores and compared to those adapted to aquaculture conditions for one year. Both species had high levels of glutamate, aspartate, alanine, leucine, and isoleucine. Mugil cephalus was a high protein source for adults, with a digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) score above 100 in both wild and culture forms. However, a DIAAS score exceeding 100 was only detected in wild Chelon auratus in the winter and spring. Both species had high levels of EPA and DHA, with Mugil cephalus having the highest lipid quality. Despite seasonal variations, cultured fish maintained a good nutritional profile similar to wild fish, especially in the autumn and summer.
Ethical Statement
All animal experiments were performed according to the ARRIVE guidelines and EU directive 2010/63/EU. The study was ethically approved with the ETIK-2017/2 code by the Ethical Committee of Animal Experiments of Central Fisheries Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Republic of Türkiye.
Project Number
TAGEM/HAYSUD/2015/A11/P-01/4
Thanks
This work is part of a project entitled Determination of the Bioecology and Aquaculture Characteristics of the Mullet Species (Mugil cephalus, Liza aurata) in the Eastern Black Sea and supported by the Republic of Türkiye, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies. [Grant number: TAGEM/HAYSUD/ 2015/A11/P-01/4]. Also, the authors would like to thank Eyüp Çakmak, Şirin Firidin and Assoc. Dr. Nazlı Kasapoğlu for assistance in sampling studies.
References
- Alparslan, Y., Metin, C., Yapici, H. H., Eksi, Z., Ates, Ü., & Baygar, T. (2019). Nutritional composition and fatty acid profile of commercially important mullet species in the Koycegiz Lagoon. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, 34(4), 131–137. https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE2019598683
- Altuntaş, A., Çakmak, E., Firidin, Ş., Çankırılıgil, E. C., Kasapoğlu, N., Polat, H., Sağlam, H., Kurt, İ., Düzgüneş, Z. D., Beken, A. T., Alemdağ, M., Parlak, R., Haşimoğlu, A., Özel, O. T., Altuntaş, C., Küçük, E., & Eroğlu, O. (2020). Determination of the bioecology and aquaculture characteristics of the mullet species (Mugil cephalus, Liza aurata) in the Eastern Black Sea. Project Report. Republic of Türkiye, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies. TAGEM/HAYSUD/ 2015/A11/P-01/4
- AOAC. (2000). Official methods of analysis of the AOAC International (W. Horwitz, Ed.; 17th ed.). Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
- Ballantyne, J. S. (2011). Amino acid metabolism. Fish Physiology, 20, 77–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-088504-9.00002-7
- Bjorndal, T., & Guillen, J. (2016). Market competition between farmed and wild fish: a literature survey. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular, 1114, 22.
- Chen, J., & Liu, H. (2020). Nutritional indices for assessing fatty acids: A mini-review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(16), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21165695
- Çankırılıgil, E. C., Berik, N., & Erbay, E. A. (2020). Optimization of hydrolyzation procedure for amino acid analysis in fish meat with HPLC-DAD by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 37(2), 113–123. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.37.2.01
- Çiloğlu, E. (2023). Population dynamics and stock assessment of two mullet species (Chelon auratus Risso, 1810 and Mugil cephalus Linneaus, 1758) in the Köyceğiz lagoon-estuary (Mediterranean coast). Regional Studies in Marine Science, 58, 102791. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2022.102791
- Di Lena, G., Nevigato, T., Rampacci, M., Casini, I., Caproni, R., & Orban, E. (2016). Proximate composition and lipid profile of red mullet (Mullus barbatus) from two sites of the Tyrrhenian and Adriatic seas (Italy): A seasonal differentiation. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 45, 121–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2015.10.003
- European Commission. (2010). Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. Official Journal of the European Union, 276, 1–79.
- FAO. (2013). Dietary protein quality evaluation in human nutrition. Report of an FAQ Expert Consultation. In FAO food and nutrition paper (Vol. 92).
- FAO. (2020). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. FAOSTAT Statistical Database.
- Folch, J., Lees, M., & Sladane-Stanley, G. H. A. (1957). Simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissue. J. Biol. Chem, 226, 497–509.
- Froese, R., & Pauly, D. (2021). FishBase. Access date: 01.05.2024, www.fishbase.org
- García‐Márquez, J., Galafat, A., Alarcón, F. J., Figueroa, F. L., Martínez‐Manzanares, E., Arijo, S., & Abdala‐díaz, R. T. (2021). Cultivated and wild juvenile thick‐lipped grey mullet, Chelon labrosus: A comparison from a nutritional point of view. Animals, 11(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11072112
- Harmantepe, F. B., & Büyükhatipoğlu, Ş. (2007). Effect of two different feeds on growth of rainbow trout and feed cost. Journal of FisheriesSciences.Com, 1(4), 168–175. https://doi.org/10.3153/jfscom.2007020
- Henderson, J. W., Ricker, R. D., Bidlingmeyer, B. A., & Woodward, C. (2000). Rapid, accurate, sensitive, and reproducible HPLC analysis of amino acids.
- Horwitz, W. (2000). Official methods of analysis of AOAC international (Oma). Education Gaithersburg.
- Hossain, M. A. (2011). Fish as source of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which one is better-farmed or wild? Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology, 3(6), 455–466. https://doi.org/I1953E/1/11.10
- IUPAC International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. (1979). Standards methods for the analysis of oils, fats and derivatives (6th ed.). Pergamon Press.
- Kendler, S., Thornes, F. W., Jakobsen, A. N., & Lerfall, J. (2023). Nutritional profiling and contaminant levels of five underutilized fish species in Norway. Frontiers in Nutrition, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1118094
- Kilkenny, C., Browne, W. J., Cuthill, I. C., Emerson, M., & Altman, D. G. (2010). Improving bioscience research reporting: The ARRIVE guidelines for reporting animal research. PLoS Biology, 8(6), e1000412. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1000412
- Lee, C.-S., & Tamaru, C. S. (1988). Advances and future prospects of controlled maturation and spawning of grey mullet (Mugil cephalus L.) in captivity. Aquaculture, 74(1), 63–73. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(88)90087-7
- Moreno, H. M., Montero, M. P., Gómez-Guillén, M. C., Fernández-Martín, F., Mørkøre, T., & Borderías, J. (2012). Collagen characteristics of farmed Atlantic salmon with firm and soft fillet texture. Food Chemistry, 134(2), 678–685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.160
- Moughan, P. J., Gilani, S., Rutherfurd, S. M., & Tomé, D. (2012). True ileal amino acid digestibility coefficients for application in the calculation of digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) in human nutrition. In S. Gilani, D. Tomé, P. Moughan & B. Burlingame (eds), Report of a Sub-Committee of the 2011 FAO Consultation on “Protein Quality Evaluation in Human Nutrition” on: The assessment of amino acid digestibility in foods for humans and including a collation of published ileal amino acid digestibility data for human foods (pp 2-58). FAO Expert Consultation.
- Nguyen, M. T., Pham, N. T. A., Vo, L. T., Truong, D. V, Nguyen, H. V, Nguyen, T. D. Q., Nguyen, P. N., & Bossier, P. (2023). Integrated mariculture of co-cultured whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) in sequence with red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) in a closed biofloc-based system. Aquaculture, 566, 739200 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.739200
- Nurnadia, A. A., Azrina, A., & Amin, I. (2011). Proximate composition and energetic value of selected marine fish and shellfish from the West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. International Food Research Journal, 18, 137–148.
- Özden, Ö., & Erkan, N. (2008). A preliminary study of amino acid and mineral profiles of important and estimable 21 seafood species. British Food Journal, 113(4), 457–469. https://doi.org/10.1108/MBE-09-2016-0047
- Quirós-Pozo, R., Concu, D., Robaina, L., Vallainc, D., Loi, B., & Roo, J. (2023). Effects of different co-feeding protocols on the early weaning of flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) larvae. Animals, 13(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13101685
- Ramos-Júdez, S., Estévez, A., González-López, W. Á., & Duncan, N. (2023). Lipid and fatty acid composition of muscle, liver, ovary, and peritoneal fat in wild flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) according to ovarian development. Theriogenology, 198, 317–326. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.12.046
- Sahena, F., Zaidul, I. S. M., Jinap, S., Saari, N., Jahurul, H. A., Abbas, K. A., & Norulaini, N. A. (2009). PUFAs in fish: Extraction, fractionation, importance in health. Comprehensive Review in Food Science and Food Safety, 8, 59–74.
- Santos-Silva, J., Bessa, R. J. B., & Santos-Silva, F. (2002). Effect of genotype, feeding system and slaughter weight on the quality of light lambs. II. Fatty acid composition of meat. Livestock Production Science, 77(2–3), 187–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(02)00059-3
- Schlitzer, R. (2021). Ocean Data View. Access date: 01.05.2024, https://odv.awi.de/
- Shaheen, N., Islam, S., Munmun, S., Mohiduzzaman, Md., & Longvah, T. (2016). Amino acid profiles and digestible indispensable amino acid scores of proteins from the prioritized key foods in Bangladesh. Food Chemistry, 23, 83-89.
- Thomas, M., Pasquet, A., Aubin, J., Nahon, S., & Lecocq, T. (2021). When more is more: taking advantage of species diversity to move towards sustainable aquaculture. Biological Reviews, 96(2), 767–784. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12677
- Ulbricht, T. L. V, & Southgate, T. D. A. (1991). Coronary heart disease: seven dietary factors. The Lancet, 338, 985–992.
- van Riel, A.-J., Nederlof, M. A. J., Chary, K., Wiegertjes, G. F., & de Boer, I. J. M. (2023). Feed-food competition in global aquaculture: Current trends and prospects. Reviews in Aquaculture, 15(3), 1142–1158. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12804
- Varlık, C., Erkan, N., Özden, Ö., Mol, S., & Baygar, T. (2004). Su ürünleri işleme teknolojisi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayın No 4465 Su Ürünleri Fak. No 7.
- Vecta. (2024). Vecta.io: Online SVG editor. Access date: 01.05.2024, https://Vecta.Io/App.
- Whitfield, A. K., & Durand, J.-D. (2023). An overview of grey mullet (Mugilidae) global occurrence and species-rich ecoregions, with indications of possible past dispersal routes within the family. Journal of Fish Biology, 103(2), 202–219. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15450
- WHO/FAO/UNU Expert Consultation (2007). Protein and amino acid requirements in human nutrition. World Health Organization technical report series (935).
- Wołoszyn, J., Haraf, G., Okruszek, A., Wereńska, M., Goluch, Z., & Teleszko, M. (2020). Fatty acid profiles and health lipid indices in the breast muscles of local Polish goose varieties. Poultry Science, 99(2), 1216–1224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.026
- Yiğit, M., & Aral, O. (1999). Comparison of the growth differences of rainbow a trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W., 1792) in freshwater and seawater (the Black Sea). Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, 23(1), 53–59.
- Yu, Y., Li, C., Liu, J., Zhu, F., Wei, S., Huang, Y., Huang, X., & Qin, Q. (2020). Palmitic acid promotes virus replication in fish cell by modulating autophagy flux and TBK1-IRF3/7 Pathway. Frontiers in Immunology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01764.