Karaman İlinde Tüketilen Balıklarda Ağır Metal Birikimi ve İnsan Sağlığı Üzerindeki Etkileri

Abstract

Ağır metaller, çevrede birikebilme yetenekleri ile su ekosistemine ve balık tüketimi yoluyla da insanlara taşınabilirler. Biyolojik olarak parçalanamadıkları için ağır metallerin insan sağlığına ciddi zarar verme potansiyeli bulunmaktadır. Karaman ilinin su ürünleri üretimi potansiyelinin yetersiz olması su ürünlerinin farklı bölgelerden gelmesine yol açmıştır. Farklı ekolojik bölgelerden gelen balık türlerinin metal seviyeleri ile ilgili Karaman ilinde daha önce bir çalışma yapılmamıştır. Karaman ilinde 2023 yılında yerel pazardan alınan halkın çok tükettiği sekiz balık türünün (gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss), barbun (Mullus barbatus), çipura (Sparus aurata), hamsi (Engraulis encrasicolus), istavrit (Trachurus mediterraneus), kupes (Boops boops), levrek (Dicentrarchus labrax) ve mercan (Pagrus pagrus)) kas metal biyobirikimleri ve tüketiminin insan sağlığı üzerindeki olası etkileri araştırılmıştır. Metal konsantrasyonları (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni ve Zn) İndüktif Eşleşmiş Plazma - Optik Emisyon Spektrometresi (ICP-OES) cihazıyla belirlenmiştir. Tespit edilen metal konsantrasyonları ulusal ve uluslararası yönetmeliklerin maksimum izin verilebilir limitleri ile kıyaslanmıştır. İnorganik arsenik (iAs) ortalama konsantrasyonun mercan (0,233 mg/kg) balığında, kadmiyum (Cd) ortalama konsantrasyonlarının ise istavrit (0,060 mg/kg), kupes (0,063 mg/kg) ve mercan (0,171 mg/kg) balıklarında yönetmeliklerin maksimum izin verilebilir limitlerini aştığı bulunmuştur. Sağlık riski değerlendirme yöntemleri (Tahmini Günlük Alım, Hedef Tehlike Oranı, Tehlike İndeksi), incelenen balık türlerinin tüketiminin güvenli olduğunu göstermiştir.

Keywords

• Karaman
• ağır metal
• balık tüketim
• sağlık risk değerlendirme
• ICP-OES.

Determination of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Some Fish Species Consumed in Karaman Province, Türkiye

Abstract

Heavy metals, with their ability to accumulate in the environment, can be transported to the aquatic ecosystem and to humans through fish consumption. Since they are not biodegradable, heavy metals have the potential to cause serious harm to human health. The insufficient aquaculture production of Karaman province has led to aquaculture products coming from different regions. No previous study has been conducted on the metal levels of fish species from different ecological regions in Karaman province. In 2023, the muscle metal bioaccumulations and the possible health effects of consumption of eight fish species (bogue (Boops boops), European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus), red mullet (Mullus barbatus), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), red porgy (Pagrus pagrus), gilt-head seabream (Sparus aurata) and Mediterranean horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus)) purchased from the local market were investigated in Karaman province. Metal concentrations (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn) were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and their levels were compared with the maximum permissible limits of national and international regulations. It was found that the mean concentrations of cadmium (Cd) in the Mediterranean horse mackerel (0.060 mg/kg), bogue (0.063 mg/kg) and red porgy (0.171 mg/kg), and the mean concentration of inorganic arsenic (iAs) in red porgy (0.233 mg/kg) exceeded the maximum permissible limits of the regulations. Health risk assessment methods (Estimated Daily Intake, Target Hazard Ratio, Hazard Index) have shown that the fish species examined are safe to consume.

Keywords

• Karaman
• heavy metal
• fish consumption
• health risk assessment
• ICP-OES

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