Possible Harmfull Effects of Titanium Dioxide and Nano Titanium Dioxide Use on Aquatic Products

Abstract

Nanotechnological products have being used widely in all areas of aquaculture, food and packaging technologies. Nano titanium dioxide (nTiO2, nanoTiO2) is one of the most accepted product among them. As industrial use of nTiO2 increases; production and consumption are also constantly increasing. In time, the effects of nanoparticles into aquatic life and human beings are not known exactly, in uncontrolled environment with excessive use. NanoTiO2 is immunotoxic to fish and reduces bactericidal function of fish neutrophils. Therefore, toxicological investigations have been performed for possible effects of nTiO2. Some studies; have shown that nTiO2 can cause adverse effects on immunity; and causes cell damage, genotoxicity, and inflammation. Nano TiO2 is classified as a possible carcinogen for human by International Cancer Research Agency and National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, based on the evidence from animal experiments. Nano TiO2 is permitted to be used as an additive (E171) in food and pharmaceutical products, There is not sufficient reliable data on the effects of oral intake of nTiO2. It is argued that, while providing low level acute toxicity of nTiO2, to aquatic organisms; long-term exposure may cause some lethal effects. In some countries, affiliated to EU, the use of nTiO2 as a food additive, is prohibited. In this review article, a legal and widely using subtance TiO2 and nTiO2, is presented and investigated.

Keywords

• Nanotechnology,titanium dioxide (TiO2),seafood,Health

Titanyum Dioksit ve Nano Titanyum Dioksit Kullanımının Su Ürünlerine Olası Zararları

Abstract

Nanoteknolojik ürünler; her alanda olduğu gibi su ürünleri yetiştiriciliği, gıda ve ambalaj teknolojilerinde de yer almaktadır. Nano titanyum dioksit (nTiO2, nanoTiO2) çok kabul gören ürünlerden birisidir. Endüstriyel kullanımı arttıkça, üretimi ve tüketimi de sürekli artmaktadır. Aşırı kullanım nedeniyle; kontrolsüz olarak çevreye katılan nanopartiküllerin, zamanla sucul canlılara ve insana yapabileceği etkiler tam bilinmemektedir. NanoTiO2 balıklara immünotoksiktir ve balık nötrofillerinin bakterisit işlevini azaltır. Bu nedenle, nTiO2 olası etkileri için toksikolojik incelemeler yapılmaktadır. Bazı çalışmalar; nTiO2’in bağışıklık, hücre hasarı, genotoksisite, enflamasyon gibi olumsuz etkilere neden olabileceğini göstermiştir. Hayvan deneylerinden elde edilen kanıtlara dayanan Uluslararası Kanser Araştırmaları Ajansı ve Ulusal İş Güvenliği ve Sağlığı Enstitüsü tarafından; NanoTiO2 “insanlar için olası kanserojen” olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Gıda ve eczacılık ürünlerinde, katkı maddesi olarak (E171) kullanılmasına izin verilmiştir. Oral alımların etkileri hakkında yeterince güvenilir veri yoktur. Sudaki organizmalara düşük akut toksisite sağlarken, uzun süreli maruz kalma durumunda bazı öldürücü etkilere yol açabileceği tartışılmaktadır. Avrupa Birliğine bağlı bazı ülkelerde, gıda katkı maddesi olarak kullanılmasının yasaklanması önerilmiştir. Bu derleme çalışmasında, yasal ve geniş kullanım alanı olan titanyum dioksit (TiO2) ve nano titanyum dioksit (nTiO2) araştırılmıştır. 

Keywords

• Nanoteknoloji,titanyumdioksit (TiO2),su ürünleri,Sağlık

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