INVESTİGATİON OF THE EFFECTS OF THE GUT-BRAİN AXİS ON BRAİN AND MENTAL HEALTH

Abstract

There is a bidirectional and continuous relationship and communication between the brain and the gut. The gut-brain axis communicates not only through the microbiota but also via the autonomic nervous system. Microorganisms in the gut microbiota are known to contribute to the production of certain neurotransmitters that play roles in brain function, which may, in turn, influence mental health. Through this interaction, the gut microbiota and gastrointestinal system components play significant roles in human health. A healthy functioning of the gut-brain axis is essential for supporting the immune system, regulating mood, and maintaining cognitive and immune health. Recent studies highlight a connection and causality between the gut-brain-microbiota axis and neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and autism spectrum disorder, as well as psychiatric disorders like depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. This paper reviews the impact of the gut-brain-microbiota axis on brain and mental health, emotion-thought-behavior systems, and its effects on neurological and psychiatric disorders.

Keywords

• Gut-brain axis
• microbiota
• psychiatric disorders
• neurological disorders

BEYİN-BAĞIRSAK AKSININ, BEYİN VE RUH SAĞLIĞI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Abstract

Beyin ve bağırsak arasında çift yönlü ve sürekli bir ilişki ve iletişim bulunmaktadır. Beyin-bağırsak aksı mikrobiyota aracılığıyla iletişim kurabilmenin yanında otonom sinir sistemi aracılığıyla da iletişim kurmaktadır. Bağırsak mikrobiyotasında bulunan mikroorganizmaların, beyin üzerinde rolü olan bazı nörotransmitterlerin üretimine destek olduğu bilinmektedir ve bu yolla da ruh sağlığını etkileyebileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu ilişki sayesinde bağırsak mikrobiyotası ve gastrointestinal sistem unsurları insan sağlığı üzerinde rol oynamaktadır. Beyin-bağırsak aksının sağlıklı işlev gösterebilmesi; bağışıklık sisteminin desteklenmesi, ruh halinin düzenlenmesi ve bilişsel/immün sağlığın korunmasında etkin rol almaktadır. Son yıllarda yapılan araştırmalar değerlendirildiğinde; beyin-bağırsak-mikrobiyota aksıyla parkinson, alzheimer, multipl skleroz, otizm gibi nörolojik bozukluklar ve depresyon, anksiyete, şizofreni, bipolar bozukluk gibi psikiyatrik bozukluklar arasında bir bağlantı ve nedensellik bulunmaktadır. Bu makalede beyin-bağırsak-mikrobiyota aksının beyin ve ruh sağlığı, duygu-düşünce-davranış sistemleri ve nörolojik ve psikiyatrik bozukluklar üzerine etkisi gözden geçirilmiştir.

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