N-Butanol Fraction of Curcuma Longa (Turmeric) Ameliorates Lead Acetate-Induced Altered Sensory Motor Activity, Oxidative Stress and Histopathological Changes in the Frontal Cortex of Wistar Rat Pups

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 109 - 116, 31.12.2024

Israel Bakenneso Isaiah Sunday Musa , Abubakar Adamu Sadeeq Ubong Ekpo

https://doi.org/10.32739/jnbs.11.1608188

Abstract

Background: Lead acetate (Pb) exposure during frontal cortex development is associated with developmental toxicity later in life, causing both morphological and functional alterations. Curcuma longa, however, has been suggested to possess neuroprotective qualities that could lessen these adverse effects. Objective: Assessed the frontal cortex following treatment with Curcuma longa. Materials and Methods: Twenty adult female Wistar rats and ten adult male Wistar rats were matched during the proestrous phase of the estrous cycle in order to mate and create five groups of six (n=6) in a 4:2 (4 females to 2 males) ratio. Gestational day 0 was marked as the confirmation of pregnancy based on if sperm is present and a vaginal plug in the vaginal smear. Four (n=4) pregnant Wistar rats were put together. Group 1 (control) rats were given 2 milliliters per kilogram of distilled water. Pb was given at a dose of 120 mg/kg to Group 2. Group 3 rats were given 120 mg/kg of lead and 100 mg/kg of vitamin C. The animals in Group 4 received 750 mg/kg of Curcuma longa and 120 mg/kg of Pb. The animals in Group 5 rats were given 1500 mg/kg of Curcuma longa and 120 mg/kg of Pb. From gestational day 7 to day 21 (14 days), the medication was administered orally. The animals were allowed to litter naturally. At postnatal day (PND) 1, some pups were euthanized using chloroform inhalation and their brains were harvested for Oxidative stress markers, histology, histochemical assessments. While some pups were kept for Cliff avoidance test at PND 4-7. Results: The study found that lead acetate (Pb) exposure during gestation significantly decreased the mean turning latency in the cliff avoidance test and increased lipid peroxidation (MDA) levels, while decreasing antioxidant enzyme levels (SOD, CAT, GSH) compared to the control group. These neurological and oxidative changes were mitigated by co-administration of Curcuma longa, with a notable improvement in the cliff avoidance test performance and restoration of the altered histological and histochemical markers. The results suggest that Curcuma longa, a natural antioxidant, has neuroprotective properties that can counteract the adverse effects of lead toxicity during gestational development. Conclusion: N-Butanol Fraction of Curcuma Longa ameliorated lead-induced neurotoxicity in rat pups.

Keywords

Curcuma Longa, lead acetate, cliff avoidance, biochemical, histology, histochemistry

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