Stoma Komplikasyonları ve Hemşirelik Bakımı: Güncel Yaklaşımlar

Abstract

Bağırsak stomaları, gastrointestinal sistem hastalıklarının cerrahi tedavisinde kullanılan yaygın bir girişimdir. Stoma açılması bireylerin sağ kalım oranlarını artırmakta ancak stoma ile ilgili komplikasyonlar ostomi ile yaşamanın olumsuz sonuçları olarak kabul edilmektedir. Stoma komplikasyonları, parastomal herni, prolapsus, mukokutanoz ayrılma, retraksiyon, nekroz, stenoz, travma ve fistülden oluşmaktadır. Stoma komplikasyonu ile ilgili literatür, stoma cerrahisi sonrası değişen oranlarda en az bir stoma komplikasyonu geliştiğini bildirmektedir. Pek çok komplikasyonun yönetiminde anahtar, komplikasyon gelişmesini önlemektir. Stoma cerrahisinin tekniğinin iyi olması ve stoma ve yara bakım hemşiresi tarafından komplikasyonların akıllıca yönetimi, hastanın iyileşmesinde önemli faktörlerdir. Bu nedenle hemşirelerin temel düzeyde stoma bakımı ve komplikasyon yönetiminde bilgi sahibi olması önemlidir. Bu derlemenin amacı stoma komplikasyonlarının önemli noktalarını vurgulayarak hemşirelere bir bakış açısı sağlamak ve komplikasyonlara yönelik hemşirelik yaklaşımlarını güncel rehberler ve çalışma sonuçları doğrultusunda sunmaktır.

Keywords

• Stoma Komplikasyonları
• Hemşirelik Yönetimi
• Güncel Yaklaşımlar

Ostomy Complications and Nursing Care: Current Approaches

Abstract

Intestinal ostomy is a common surgical intervention to treat diseases of gastrointestinal tract. Ostomy creation increases the survival rates of individuals; however, it is regarded as one of the negative consequences of living with ostomy. Stoma complications consist of parastomal hernia, prolapse, mucocutaneous separation, retraction, necrosis, stenosis, and fistula. The literature relevant to stoma complications reports that varying rates of at least one stoma complication occur after ostomy creation. The key element in managing several stoma complications is to prevent it. Proper construction technique of ostomy surgery and management of complications by a wound and ostomy nurse are essential factors for patient’s recovery. Therefore, it is important for nurses to have basic knowledge about ostomy care and complication management. In this review, stoma complications will highlight to provide a perspective for nurses and nursing managements for these complications will be presented based on current guidelines and studies.

Keywords

• Ostomy Complications
• Nursing Management
• Current Approaches

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