Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation Scale: Validity and Reliability Study

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 186 - 204, 02.01.2026

Murat Topaloğlu , Musa Said Döven

https://izlik.org/JA67YG28NL

Abstract

This study aims to adapt the Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation (IEO) Scale into Turkish and evaluate its psychometric properties within a sample of international students studying in Türkiye. To this end, linguistic validity, construct validity, and internal consistency analyses were conducted. The findings confirmed that the Turkish version of the IEO Scale is both valid and reliable for use in academic research. Furthermore, the study examined the mean levels of students’ entrepreneurial orientation and investigated whether the dimensions of risk-taking, innovativeness, and proactiveness significantly differed based on variables such as gender, academic year and program type, work experience, presence of an entrepreneur in the family, and prior exposure to entrepreneurship education. In addition to empirical analyses, the study offers a comprehensive literature review on the theoretical foundations of individual entrepreneurial orientation. The research concludes with a discussion of its contributions to existing literature and provides implications for future research and practical applications in the field of entrepreneurship.

Keywords

Entrepreneurship , Entrepreneurial Orientation , Scale Validity , International Student

Bireysel Girişimcilik Yönelimi Ölçeği: Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması

https://izlik.org/JA67YG28NL

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Bolton ve Lane (2012) tarafından geliştirilen Bireysel Girişimcilik Yönelimi Ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanmasına yönelik bir araştırma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Türkiye'de öğrenim gören uluslararası öğrenciler örnekleminde, ölçeğin dil geçerliliği, yapı geçerliliği ve iç tutarlılığı analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda, Türkçede kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir bireysel girişimcilik yönelimi ölçeği uyarlanmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra, öğrencilerin bireysel girişimcilik yönelimi ortalama değerleri belirlenmiş ve risk alma, yenilikçilik ile proaktiflik boyutlarının; cinsiyet, öğrenim görülen sınıf ve program türü, iş deneyimi, ailede girişimci bulunması ve girişimcilik dersi alma durumuna göre anlamlı farklılık gösterip göstermediği incelenmiştir. Çalışmada ayrıca bireysel girişimcilik yönelimi kavramına ilişkin teorik çerçeve sunulmuş ve alanyazındaki önceki araştırmalar doğrultusunda kapsamlı bir literatür taraması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın literatüre sağladığı katkılar tartışılmış ve gelecekteki araştırmacılar ile iş dünyasındaki uygulayıcılara yönelik çeşitli önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Keywords

Girişimcilik , Girişimcilik Yönelimi , Ölçek Geçerliliği , Uluslararası Öğrenci

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