Research Article
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Testing The Environmental Phillips Curve Hypothesis From A Gender Perspective: Empirical Evidence From MINT Countries

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 273 - 284, 30.06.2024

Sevilay Konya

Abstract

The relationships between the environment and the economy have become very popular in economic literature recently. The environmental Phillips curve adopts an approach that examines the relationship between environmental pollution and unemployment and argues that the effect of unemployment on environmental pollution is negative. For this reason, the study investigates the validity of the environmental Phillips curve in MINT countries (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, Türkiye) for the period 1991-2020, specifically for women, men and total unemployment. When the results for the entire panel are evaluated, it is concluded that the Environmental Phillips curve hypothesis in total, female and male unemployment is not valid in MINT countries. However, it has been specified that the environmental Phillips curve hypothesis is valid in Indonesia and Turkey. Based on this result, policymakers should encourage clean industries for employers and increase job opportunities in these sectors through employment policies.

Keywords

Environmental Phillips Curve MINT CO2 emissions unemployment

References

  • Andrijevic, M., Crespo Cuaresma, J., Lissner, T. et al. (2020). Overcoming gender inequality for climate resilient development. Nat Commun 11, 6261. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19856-w
  • Anser, M.K. et al. (2021). Exploring a New Perspective of Sustainable Development Drive through Environmental Phillips Curve in the Case of the BRICST Countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(35), 48112-48122.
  • Bhowmik, R., Syed, Q. R., Apergis, N., Alola, A.A. & Gai, Z. (2022). Applying a dynamic ARDL approach to the Environmental Phillips Curve (EPC) hypothesis amid monetary, fiscal, and trade policy uncertainty in the USA. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(10), 14914-14928. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-021-16716-y
  • Breusch, T.S. & Pagan, A.R. (1980). The Lagrange multiplier test and its applications to model specification in econometrics. Review of Econometric Studies, 47 (1), 239-253.
  • Daştan, M. & Eygü, H. (2023). An empirical investigation of the link between economic growth, unemployment, and ecological footprint in Turkey: Bridging the EKC and EPC hypotheses. Environ Dev Sustain. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-04106-y
  • Djedaiet, A.(2023). Does environmental quality react asymmetrically to unemployment and inflation rates? African OPEC countries’ perspective. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 102418–102427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29621-3
  • Djoudi, H., Locatelli, B., Vaast, C. et al. (2016). Beyond dichotomies: Gender and intersecting inequalities in climate change studies. Ambio 45 (Suppl 3), 248–262. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-016-0825-2
  • Dogan,E., Majeed, M. T. & Luni, T. (2022). Revisiting the nexus of ecological footprint, unemployment, and renewable and non-renewable energy for South Asian economies: Evidence from novel research methods, Renewable Energy, 194, 1060-1070, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.05.165.
  • Durani, F., Bhowmik, R., Sharif, A., Anwar, A., & Syed, Q. R. (2023). Role of economic uncertainty, financial development, natural resources, technology, and renewable energy in the environmental Phillips curve framework. Journal of Cleaner Production, 420, 138334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138334
  • Dünya Bankası (2023), https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators, Erişim Tarihi: 07.09.2023.
  • Hacıimamoğlu, T. (2023a). A New Approach to Sustainable Development: Analysis of the Environmental Phillips Curve Hypothesis. Sosyoekonomi, 31(56), 11-25.
  • Hacıimamoğlu, T. (2023b). MIKTA Ülkelerinde Çevresel Phillips Eğrisi Hipotezinin Test Edilmesi: CS-ARDL Testi Yaklaşımı. ODÜSOBİAD 13 (1), 301-316, Doi:10.48146/odusobiad.1104588.
  • Kashem, M. A., & Rahman, M. M. (2020). Environmental Phillips curve: OECD and Asian NICs perspective. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(25), 31153-31170.
  • Lipsey, R. G. (1960). The relation between unemployment and the rate of change of money wage rates in the United Kingdom, 1862–1957: A further analysis. Economica. https:// doi. org/ 10. 2307/ 25514 24
  • Malik, Z. & Shaikh, O. (2023), The Epc Hypothesis Revisited in G-20 Countries: A Novel Panel Data Analysis. IJCRT, 11(3), 305-317.
  • Ng, CF., Yii, KJ., Lau, LS. et al. (2023). Unemployment rate, clean energy, and ecological footprint in OECD countries. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 42863–42872, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17966-6
  • Montt, G. (2018). Too polluted to work? The gendered correlates of air pollution on hours worked. IZA J Labor Econ 7, 7 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40172-018-0067-6
  • Okun, A.M. (1962). Potential GNP: Its Measurement and Significance. in M.N. Baily and A.M. Okun (ed.), The Battle Against Unemployment and Inflation, NY: Norton, 132-145.
  • Pesaran, M.H., Shin, Y. & Smith, Ron P. (1999). Pooled Mean Group Estimation of Dynamics Heterogeneous Panels. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 94,621-634.
  • Pesaran, M.H. (2004). General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels. CESifo Working Paper Series, 1229.
  • Pesaran, M.H. (2007). A simple unit root test in the presence of cross-section dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22 (2), 265-312.
  • Pesaran, M. H., Ullah, A. & Yamagata, T. (2008). A bias-adjusted LM test of error cross-section independence. Econometrics Journal 11, 105–127.
  • Pesaran, M. H. & Yamagata, T. (2008). Testing slope homogeneity in large panels. Journal of Econometrics, 142(1), 50–93.
  • Phillips, A. W. (1958). The relation between unemployment and the rate of change of money wage rates in the United Kingdom, 1861–1957. Economica, 25(100), 283–299.
  • Rayhan, I., Al Nahian, M. A., & Siddika, A. (2020). Re-evaluating the environmental Kuznets curve and environmental Phillips curve in Bangladesh: An augmented ARDL bounds test approach with a structural break. The Jahangirnagar Economic Review, 31, 109–134.
  • Samuelson, P. A., & Solow, R. M. (1960). Analytical aspects of anti-inflation policy. The American Economic Review, 50(2), 177–194
  • Shastri, S., Mohapatra, G. & Giri, A.K. (2023). The Environmental Philips Curve from a gender perspective: empirical evidence from India. Environ Sci Pollut Res, 30, 17487–17496. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23336-7
  • Tanveer, A., Song, H., Faheem, M., & Chaudhry, I. S. (2022). Validation of environmental Phillips curve in Pakistan: A fresh insight through ARDL technique. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25060-25077.
  • Tariq, S., Mehmood, U., ul Haq, Z. et al. (2022). Exploring the existence of environmental Phillips curve in South Asian countries. Environ Sci Pollut Res, 29, 35396–35407 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-18099-6
  • Westerlund, J. (2008). Panel Cointegration Tests of the Fisher Effect. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 23, 193‐233.
  • Yavuz, E., Kilic, E. & Caglar, A.E. (2023). A new hypothesis for the unemployment-environment dilemma: is the environmental Phillips curve valid in the framework of load capacity factor in Turkiye?. Environ Dev Sustain. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-04258-x

Çevresel Phillips Eğrisi Hipotezinin Cinsiyet Bakış Açısıyla Test Edilmesi: MINT Ülkelerinden Ampirik Kanıtlar

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 273 - 284, 30.06.2024

Sevilay Konya

Abstract

Çevre ve ekonomi arasındaki ilişkiler iktisat yazınında son dönemlerde oldukça popüler olmuştur. Çevresel Phillips eğrisi de bu kapsamdan yola çıkılarak çevresel kirlilik ve işsizlik arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyen, işsizliğin çevresel kirlilik üzerindeki etkisinin negatif olduğunu savunan bir yaklaşımı benimsemektedir. Bu nedenle çalışmada 1991-2020 dönemi için MINT ülkelerinde (Meksika, Endonezya, Nijerya, Türkiye) çevresel Phillips eğrisinin geçerliliği kadın, erkek ve toplam işsizlik özelinde araştırılmaktadır. Tüm panel için sonuçlar değerlendirildiğinde toplam, kadın ve erkek işsizlikte Çevresel Phillips eğrisi hipotezinin MINT ülkelerinde geçerli olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Ancak Endonezya ve Türkiye’de çevresel Phillips eğrisi hipotezinin geçerli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçtan yola çıkarak, politika yapıcılar açısından işverenler için temiz endüstriler teşvik edilmeli ve istihdam politikaları ile bu sektörlerde iş imkanları arttırılmalıdır.

Keywords

Çevresel Phillips Eğrisi MINT CO2 emisyonları işsizlik

References

  • Andrijevic, M., Crespo Cuaresma, J., Lissner, T. et al. (2020). Overcoming gender inequality for climate resilient development. Nat Commun 11, 6261. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19856-w
  • Anser, M.K. et al. (2021). Exploring a New Perspective of Sustainable Development Drive through Environmental Phillips Curve in the Case of the BRICST Countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(35), 48112-48122.
  • Bhowmik, R., Syed, Q. R., Apergis, N., Alola, A.A. & Gai, Z. (2022). Applying a dynamic ARDL approach to the Environmental Phillips Curve (EPC) hypothesis amid monetary, fiscal, and trade policy uncertainty in the USA. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(10), 14914-14928. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-021-16716-y
  • Breusch, T.S. & Pagan, A.R. (1980). The Lagrange multiplier test and its applications to model specification in econometrics. Review of Econometric Studies, 47 (1), 239-253.
  • Daştan, M. & Eygü, H. (2023). An empirical investigation of the link between economic growth, unemployment, and ecological footprint in Turkey: Bridging the EKC and EPC hypotheses. Environ Dev Sustain. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-04106-y
  • Djedaiet, A.(2023). Does environmental quality react asymmetrically to unemployment and inflation rates? African OPEC countries’ perspective. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 102418–102427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29621-3
  • Djoudi, H., Locatelli, B., Vaast, C. et al. (2016). Beyond dichotomies: Gender and intersecting inequalities in climate change studies. Ambio 45 (Suppl 3), 248–262. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-016-0825-2
  • Dogan,E., Majeed, M. T. & Luni, T. (2022). Revisiting the nexus of ecological footprint, unemployment, and renewable and non-renewable energy for South Asian economies: Evidence from novel research methods, Renewable Energy, 194, 1060-1070, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.05.165.
  • Durani, F., Bhowmik, R., Sharif, A., Anwar, A., & Syed, Q. R. (2023). Role of economic uncertainty, financial development, natural resources, technology, and renewable energy in the environmental Phillips curve framework. Journal of Cleaner Production, 420, 138334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138334
  • Dünya Bankası (2023), https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators, Erişim Tarihi: 07.09.2023.
  • Hacıimamoğlu, T. (2023a). A New Approach to Sustainable Development: Analysis of the Environmental Phillips Curve Hypothesis. Sosyoekonomi, 31(56), 11-25.
  • Hacıimamoğlu, T. (2023b). MIKTA Ülkelerinde Çevresel Phillips Eğrisi Hipotezinin Test Edilmesi: CS-ARDL Testi Yaklaşımı. ODÜSOBİAD 13 (1), 301-316, Doi:10.48146/odusobiad.1104588.
  • Kashem, M. A., & Rahman, M. M. (2020). Environmental Phillips curve: OECD and Asian NICs perspective. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(25), 31153-31170.
  • Lipsey, R. G. (1960). The relation between unemployment and the rate of change of money wage rates in the United Kingdom, 1862–1957: A further analysis. Economica. https:// doi. org/ 10. 2307/ 25514 24
  • Malik, Z. & Shaikh, O. (2023), The Epc Hypothesis Revisited in G-20 Countries: A Novel Panel Data Analysis. IJCRT, 11(3), 305-317.
  • Ng, CF., Yii, KJ., Lau, LS. et al. (2023). Unemployment rate, clean energy, and ecological footprint in OECD countries. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 42863–42872, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17966-6
  • Montt, G. (2018). Too polluted to work? The gendered correlates of air pollution on hours worked. IZA J Labor Econ 7, 7 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40172-018-0067-6
  • Okun, A.M. (1962). Potential GNP: Its Measurement and Significance. in M.N. Baily and A.M. Okun (ed.), The Battle Against Unemployment and Inflation, NY: Norton, 132-145.
  • Pesaran, M.H., Shin, Y. & Smith, Ron P. (1999). Pooled Mean Group Estimation of Dynamics Heterogeneous Panels. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 94,621-634.
  • Pesaran, M.H. (2004). General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels. CESifo Working Paper Series, 1229.
  • Pesaran, M.H. (2007). A simple unit root test in the presence of cross-section dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22 (2), 265-312.
  • Pesaran, M. H., Ullah, A. & Yamagata, T. (2008). A bias-adjusted LM test of error cross-section independence. Econometrics Journal 11, 105–127.
  • Pesaran, M. H. & Yamagata, T. (2008). Testing slope homogeneity in large panels. Journal of Econometrics, 142(1), 50–93.
  • Phillips, A. W. (1958). The relation between unemployment and the rate of change of money wage rates in the United Kingdom, 1861–1957. Economica, 25(100), 283–299.
  • Rayhan, I., Al Nahian, M. A., & Siddika, A. (2020). Re-evaluating the environmental Kuznets curve and environmental Phillips curve in Bangladesh: An augmented ARDL bounds test approach with a structural break. The Jahangirnagar Economic Review, 31, 109–134.
  • Samuelson, P. A., & Solow, R. M. (1960). Analytical aspects of anti-inflation policy. The American Economic Review, 50(2), 177–194
  • Shastri, S., Mohapatra, G. & Giri, A.K. (2023). The Environmental Philips Curve from a gender perspective: empirical evidence from India. Environ Sci Pollut Res, 30, 17487–17496. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23336-7
  • Tanveer, A., Song, H., Faheem, M., & Chaudhry, I. S. (2022). Validation of environmental Phillips curve in Pakistan: A fresh insight through ARDL technique. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25060-25077.
  • Tariq, S., Mehmood, U., ul Haq, Z. et al. (2022). Exploring the existence of environmental Phillips curve in South Asian countries. Environ Sci Pollut Res, 29, 35396–35407 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-18099-6
  • Westerlund, J. (2008). Panel Cointegration Tests of the Fisher Effect. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 23, 193‐233.
  • Yavuz, E., Kilic, E. & Caglar, A.E. (2023). A new hypothesis for the unemployment-environment dilemma: is the environmental Phillips curve valid in the framework of load capacity factor in Turkiye?. Environ Dev Sustain. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-04258-x
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Green Economy, Applied Economics (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Sevilay Konya 0000-0002-0483-4139

Early Pub Date June 23, 2024
Publication Date June 30, 2024
Submission Date November 19, 2023
Acceptance Date June 4, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Konya, S. (2024). Çevresel Phillips Eğrisi Hipotezinin Cinsiyet Bakış Açısıyla Test Edilmesi: MINT Ülkelerinden Ampirik Kanıtlar. JOEEP: Journal of Emerging Economies and Policy, 9(1), 273-284.
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