Egzersiz ve Sporun Down Sendromu Olan Çocuklar Üzerine Etkileri: Sistematik Bir Derleme

Year 2021, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 36 - 51, 31.12.2021

Selen Uğur , Nimet Korkmaz

Abstract

Araştırmanın amacı; egzersiz ve sporun Down Sendromu olan çocuklarda psikomotor, bilişsel ve sosyal duygusal alanlar üzerine etkisi ile ilgili yapılan çalışmaları değerlendirerek, konu hakkında kapsamlı bilgi sunmaktır. Literatür taraması Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi E-Kütüphane, Pubmed ve Google Akademik veri tabalarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Literatür taramasında “down sendromu olan çocuklarda spor”, “down sendromu olan çocuklarda egzersiz”, “down sendromu olan çocuklarda antrenman”, “sports in children with down syndrome”, “exercise in children with down syndrome”, “training in children with down syndrome” anahtar kelimeleri kullanılmıştır.
Araştırmaya 2010-2020 yılları arasındaki randomize kontrollü çalışmalar, deneysel çalışmalar, yarı deneysel çalışmalar, tek gruplu deneysel çalışmalar, nedensel ve vaka kontrol çalışmaları dahil edilmiştir. Tarama sonucunda 1214 makaleye ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmaya dahil edilme kriterlerine göre uygunlukları değerlendirilen 33 makale bu derleme kapsamına alınmıştır. Sistematik derleme kapsamına alınan çalışmaların kaliteleri engellilerde beden eğitimi ve spor alanında uzman iki araştırmacı tarafından değerlendirilmiştir. Uzmanlar araştırmaların kalitelerini birbirlerinden bağımsız olarak değerlendirmiştir. Araştırmaları değerlendiren uzmanların, değerlendirici puanları arasındaki uyumun tespit edilmesinde, Cohen’s Kappa analizi kullanılmıştır.Sistematik derlemeye dahil edilen çalışmaların bulguları incelendiğinde egzersiz ve sporun Down Sendromu olan çocuklarda psikomotor, bilişsel ve duyuşsal alanlara olumlu etkileri olduğu görülmüştür. Ancak bu etkilerin daha büyük örneklem üzerinde incelenmesi ve daha uzun süreli müdahale çalışmalarının yapılmasına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

Keywords

Down sendromu olan çocuklarda spor, down sendromu olan çocuklarda egzersiz, down sendromu olan çocuklarda antrenman

References

• Abd E-Aziz, A., Gabr, A. M. & Radwa S. A. (2018). “Treadmill Training with Supramalleolar Orthosis on Balance in Down syndrome Children”, International Journal of Current Research 10, (10), 74595-74600.
• Abd El-Maksoud, G. M., Abd-Elmonem, A. M., & Rezk-Allah, S. S. (2016). Effect of individual and group Sensory-Perceptual Motor Training on Motor Proficiency and Quality of Life in Children with Down Syndrome. International Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Research, 5(4), 37–44. https://doi.org/10.5455/ijtrr.000000142
• Agarwal Gupta, N. & Kabra, M. (2014). Diagnosis and management of Down syndrome. Indian J Pediatr. 81(6):560-7. doi: 10.1007/s12098-013-1249-7. Epub 2013 Oct 15. PMID: 24127006.
• Alesi M, Battaglia G, Roccella M, Testa D, Palma A, & Pepi A. (2014). Improvement of gross motor and cognitive abilities by an exercise training program: three case reports. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 2014(default), 479–485.
• Alsakhawi, R.S. & Elshafey, M.A. Effect of Core Stability Exercises and Treadmill Training on Balance in Children with Down Syndrome: Randomized Controlled Trial. Adv Ther 36, 2364–2373 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-019-01024-2
• Amin, H. A., Kalkhoran, J. F., Salehi, M.& Jazini, F. (2016). Effect of Backward Walking Training on Improves Postural Stability in Children with Down syndrome. International Journal of Pediatrics, 4(7), 2171–2181.
• Barr M. & Shields N. (2011) Identifying the barriers and facilitators to participation in physical activity for children with Down syndrome. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 55, 1020– 1033.
• Beerse, M., Henderson, G., Liang, H., Ajisafe, T. & Wu, J. (2019). Variability of spatiotemporal gait parameters in children with and without Down syndrome during treadmill walking. Gait Posture. 68:207-212. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.11.032.PMID: 30504087.
• Carr J. 2005. Stability and change in cognitive ability over the life span: A comparison of populations with and without Down's syndrome. J Intellect Disabil Res 49:915–928.
• Chera-Ferrario, B. (2012). Opportunities for Psycho-Motor Skills Development in Children with Down Syndrome - Adapted Swimming -. Sport & Society / Sport Si Societate, 12(2), 190–195.
• Couzens D, Haynes M, Cuskelly M. 2012. Individual and environmental characteristics associated with cognitive development in Down syndrome: A longitudinal study. J Appl Res Intellect 25:396–413.
• Didehdar, D. & Kharazinejad, A. (2019). The effect of balance activity on Down syndrome boys. J Phy Hea Spt Med. 2: 70-78.
• Eid, M.A., Aly, S. M., Huneif, M. A. & Ismail, D. K. (2017). Effect of isokinetic training on muscle strength and postural balance in children with Down's syndrome. Int J Rehabil Res. 40(2):127-133. doi: 10.1097/MRR.0000000000000218. PMID: 28146007.
• El Kafy, E.M. & Helal, O. F. (2014). Effect of rowing on pulmonary functions in children with Down syndrome. Pediatr Phys Ther. 26(4):437-45. doi: 10.1097/PEP.0000000000000072. PMID: 25251800.
• El-Meniawy, G. H., Kamal, H. M., & Elshemy, S. A. (2012). Role of treadmill training versus suspension therapy on balance in children with Down syndrome. Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics, 13(1), 37–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmhg.2011.10.001
• Gasquoine PG. 2011. Cognitive impairment in common, noncentral nervous system medical conditions of adults and the elderly. J Clin Exp Neuropsych 33:486–496.
• Ghaeeni, S., Bahari, Z. & Khazaei, A. A. (2015). Effect of Core Stability Training on Static Balance of the Children With Down Syndrome. Physical Treatments, 5(1), 49–54.
• Gómez Álvarez, N., Venegas Mortecinos, A., Zapata Rodríguez, V., López Fontanilla, M., Maudier Vásquez, M., Pavez-Adasme, G. & Hemández-Mosqueira, C.. (2018). Efecto de una intervención basada en realidad virtual sobre las habi lidades motrices básicas y control postural de niños con Síndrome de Down [Effect of an intervention based on virtual reality on motor development and postural control in children with Down Syndrome]. Rev Chil Pediatr. 89(6):747-752. Spanish. doi: 10.4067/S0370-41062018005001202. PMID: 30725064.
• Gupta, S., Rao, B. K. & Kumaran, S. D. (2011). Effect of strength and balance training in children with Down’s syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Clinical Rehabilitation 25(5), 425-432.
• Hauck, J. L. & Ulrich, D. A. (2015). Acute Effects of a Therapeutic Mobility Device on Physical Activity and Heart Rate in Children With Down Syndrome, Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 86:3, 260-266. doi: 10.1080/02701367.2015.1046980. Epub 2015 Jun 26. PMID: 26115435.
• Hussein, Z. A. (2017). Strength training versus chest physical therapy on pulmonary functions in children with Down syndrome. Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics, 18(1), 35–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmhg.2016.02.008
• Horvat, M., Croce, R., Tomporowski, P., & Barna, M. C. (2013). The influence of dual-task conditions on movement in young adults with and without Down syndrome. Research in developmental disabilities, 34(10), 3517-3525.).
• Ilkım, M. & Akyol, B. (2018). Effect of Table Tennis Training on Reaction Times of Down-syndrome Children. Universal Journal of Educational Research 6(11): 2399-2403,DOI: 10.13189/ujer.2018.061101
• Ilkım, M., Kalaycı, M. C., Güleroğlu, F., & Gündoğdu, C. (2018). Down sendromlu çocuklarda sportif etkinliklere katılma durumuna göre sosyal uyum ve beceri düzeyinin incelenmesi. Volume/Cilt 7, Number/Sayı 1, (2018) 162-172.
• Izquierdo-Gomez R., Martinez-Gomez D., Villagra A., Fernhall B. & Veiga O.L., 2015, ‘Associations of physical activity with fatness and fitness in adolescents with Down syndrome: The UP & DOWN study’, Research in Developmental Disabilities 36, 428–436. 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.10.022
• Karaçam, Z. (2013). Sistematik Derleme Metodolojisi: Sistematik Derleme Hazırlamak İçin Bir Rehber. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 6 (1) , 26-33.
• Lin, H. C., & Wuang, Y. P. (2012). Strength and agility training in adolescents with Down syndrome: A randomized controlled trial. Research in developmental disabilities, 33(6), 2236-2244.
• Looper, J. & Ulrich, D. A. (2010). Effect of treadmill training and supramalleolar orthosis use on motor skill development in infants with Down syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. Phys Ther. 90(3):382-90. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20090021.
• Lopes, J. B. P., Miziara, I. M., Galli, M., Cimolin, V. & Oliveira, C. S. (2020). Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined With Xbox-Kinect Game Experience on Upper Limb Movement in Down Syndrome: A Case Report. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 29;8:514. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00514. PMID: 32548102; PMCID: PMC7273846.
• Matute-Llorente, A., González-Agüero, A., Gómez-Cabello, A., Olmedillas, H., Vicente-Rodríguez, G. & Casajús, J. A. (2015). Effect of whole body vibration training on bone mineral density and bone quality in adolescents with Down syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Osteoporos Int. 26(10):2449-59. doi: 10.1007/s00198-015-3159-1. Epub 2015 May 21. PMID: 25994905.
• Matute-Llorente, A., González-Agüero, A., Gómez-Cabello, A. et al. (2016). Effect of whole-body vibration training on bone mass in adolescents with and without Down syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Osteoporos Int 27, 181–191 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-015-3232-9
• Meguid, N. A., Eltohamy, A. M., Anwar, M., Hashish, A. F. & Elnahry, A. (2014). Efficacy of selected treadmill training programme on oxidative stress in adolescents with Down syndrome. East Mediterr Health J. 2014 Jan 9;19 Suppl 3:S131-7. PMID: 24995736
• Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D.G. & The PRISMA Group (2009) Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalyses: The PRISMA Statement. Annals Int Med, 151:264-269.
• Moraru, C., Hodorca, R. M., & Vasılescu, D. (2014). The Role of Gymnastics and Dance in Rehabilitating Motor Capacities in Children with Down Syndrome. Sport & Society / Sport Si Societate, 14, 102–112.
• Noghondar, N. V., Sohrabi, M., Taheri, H. R., Kobravi, H. R. & Khodashenas, E.(2019). The effect of training on variability and accuracy of overhand throwing in children with Down syndrome, International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2019.1574388
• Oliver, C., Crayton, L. & Holland, A. (1998). A four year prospective study of age-related cognitive change in adults with Down's syndrome. Psychol Med 28:1365–1377. Özer, D. (2020). Özel Gereksinimli Öğrenciler İçin Beden Eğitimi ve Spor. Nobel Yayıncılık. Ankara.
• Paul, Y., Ellapen, T. J., Barnard, M., Hammill, H. V., & Swanepoel, M. (2019). The health benefits of exercise therapy for patients with Down syndrome: A systematic review. African journal of disability, 8, 576. https://doi.org/10.4102/ajod.v8i0.576
• Pereira, K., Basso, R.P., Lindquist, A.R., da Silva, L.G. & Tudella, E. (2013). Infants with Down syndrome: percentage and age for acquisition of gross motor skills. Res Dev Disabil. 34(3):894-901. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2012.11.021. Epub 2013 Jan 2. PMID: 23291506.
• Polit, D. F. & Beck, C. T. (2009). Literature reviews: finding and reviewing research evidence. In: Polit DF,Tatano BC, eds. Essentails of Nursing Research: Appraising Evidence for Nursing Prac- tice. 7thed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins;. p.169-93.
• Popa, C. E., & Dobrescu, T. (2017). The Effectiveness of Therapeutic Physical Exercises in Improving Balance and Coordination in Children with Down Syndrome. Revista Romaneasca pentru Educatie Multidimensionala, 9(3), 89-102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18662/rrem/2017.0903.06
• Popescu O. & Leonte N.. (2019). Analyzation of the Handling Skills Training Level in Children Suffering from the Down Syndrome. Gymnasium: Scientific Journal of Education, Sports & Health, 20(1), 5–19. https://doi.org/10.29081/gsjesh.2019.20.1.01
• Rao, P. T & Solomon, J. M. (2015). Can response time be trained with bilateral limb training in children with Down syndrome?. J Neurosci Rural Pract 6:339-43.
• Regaieg, G., Kermarrec, G. & Sahli, S. (2020). Designed game situations enhance fundamental movement skills in children with Down syndrome. J Intellect Disabil Res. 64(4):271-279. doi: 10.1111/jir.12717. PMID: 31994262.
• Reza, S. M., Rasool, H., Mansour, S. & Abdollah, H. (2013). Effects of calcium and training on the development of bonedensity in children with Down syndrome. In Research in Developmental Disabilities. 34(12):4304-4309 Language: English. DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.08.037
• Sansi, A. & Özer, D. (2019). Down Sendromlu Bireylerin Fiziksel ve Motor Uygunluklarına Yönelik Araştırmaların Sistematik Olarak İncelenmesi. Journal of Health and Sport Sciences, 2(2), 56-65.
• Sugimoto D, Bowen SL, Meehan WP 3rd, Stracciolini A. Effects of Neuromuscular Training on Children and Young Adults with Down Syndrome: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Res Dev Disabil. 2016 Aug;55:197-206. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2016.04.003. Epub 2016 Apr 25. PMID: 27123540.).
• Şenlı̇k, Z., Kul, M., Karataş, İ. & Mülhı̇m, M . (2017). Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Dersinin Down Sendromlu Çocukların Ruhsal Uyum Düzeylerine Etkisi. Uluslararası Kültürel ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi (UKSAD) , Special Issue 2, 263-282 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/intjcss/issue/33182/369783
• Torres-Carrión, P. V., González-González, C. S., Toledo-Delgado, P. A., Muñoz-Cruz, V., Gil-Iranzo, R., Reyes-Alonso, N. & Hernández-Morales, S. (2019). Improving Cognitive Visual-Motor Abilities in Individuals with Down Syndrome. Sensors (Basel). 19(18):3984. doi: 10.3390/s19183984. PMID: 31540138; PMCID: PMC6767105.
• Wang W.Y. & Ju Y.H. (2002). Promoting balance and jumping skills in children with Down syndrome. Perceptual and Motor Skills 94, 443– 448.