Surgical Preoperative Fasting Duration Effects on Postoperative Insulin Resistance Index and Glucose Levels in Patients Undergoing Neurosurgery
Year 2026,
Volume: 7 Issue: 1
,
13
-
24
,
30.03.2026
Elif Güler Özden
,
Evin Korkmaz
Abstract
This study was designed to examine the effect of preoperative fasting duration on postoperative insulin resistance and glucose levels in patients who underwent brain and neurosurgery. This descriptive quantitative study was conducted between April 2023 and October 2023 in the Department of Brain and Neurosurgery at Bursa Uludağ University Health Practice and Research Center. The study population consisted of patients who had undergone surgery in the Department of Brain and Neurosurgery at Bursa Uludağ University Health Practice and Research Center within the past year, while the sample consisted of 171 patients who met the study criteria. The Individual Characteristics Form was used as the data collection tool. The obtained data were analyzed using the free trial version of Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows 25.0. Descriptive statistical methods (number, percentage, min-max values, median, mean, and standard deviation) were used to evaluate the research data. The normality of the data was examined using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The Mann–Whitney U test was used for comparisons between the two groups. Spearman’s correlation was applied to examine the relationships between variables. Looking at the descriptive characteristics of the patients, 61.4% were female, the average age was 52.38±14.92, and the average body mass index was 27.32±4.86. It was determined that 69% of the patients participating in the study did not smoke, and 78.9% had undergone surgery before. When patients were evaluated according to their medical diagnoses, 52.6% had undergone spinal surgery, 76% had undergone open surgery, and 93.6% had undergone surgery under general anesthesia. The average fasting duration after liquid food before surgery was 15.26±2.87 hours, the average fasting duration after solid food was 16.79±3.05 hours, the mean blood glucose level was 118.24±36.28, and the average insulin resistance index was 3.43±2.97. In conclusion, this study evaluated the effect of preoperative fasting duration on postoperative insulin resistance and glucose levels in patients.
Ethical Statement
Approval for the study was obtained from the XXX University Faculty of Medicine Clinical Research Ethics Committeh (decision dated 21.03.2023 and numbered 2023-6/16). Participants were informed about the study, and it was stated that participation was based on voluntariness, and written consent was obtained. This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki. The identities of the participants were kept confidential, and the data were used only for scientific purposes.
Supporting Institution
This research was not financially supported by any institution, organization, or funding agency. The study was conducted with the researcher’s own resources.
Thanks
The authors would like to thank all patients who voluntarily participated in this study and the healthcare professionals who supported the data collection process. Their cooperation and contribution were invaluable to the successful completion of this research.
References
-
American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Preoperative Fasting and the Use of Pharmacologic Agents to Reduce the Risk of Pulmonary Aspiration. (2017). Practice guidelines for preoperative fasting and the use of pharmacologic agents to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration: Application to healthy patients undergoing elective procedures: An updated report. Anesthesiology, 126(3), 376–393. https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.000000000000145
-
Brady, M. C., Kinn, S., Stuart, P., & Ness, V. (2003). Preoperative fasting for adults to prevent perioperative complications. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2003(4), CD004423. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD00442
-
Cebeci, F. (2020). Cerrahi hastalarda perioperatif metabolik değişiklikler. Nobel Tıp Kitabevi.
-
Choudhary, S. K., Bijarniya, D., Jat, S. K., Agrawal, M., & Vasudeva, S. (2025). Effect of the enhanced recovery after surgery protocol in patients undergoing elective craniotomies: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosurgical Review, 48(1), 291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10143-025-03446-
-
Crenshaw, J. T., & Winslow, E. H. (2002). Preoperative fasting: Old habits die hard. American Journal of Nursing, 102(5), 36–44. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000446-200205000-0003
-
Demirel, A., & Ak, E. S. (2024). Beyin tümörü ameliyatı olan hastalarda konfor düzeyi ve konforu etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi. Türk Nöroşirürji Dergisi, 34(1), 33–41.
-
Desborough, J. P. (2000). The stress response to trauma and surgery. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 85(1), 109–117. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/85.1.10
-
Ertem, M., & Savcı, A. (2023). Cerrahi girişim geçiren hastaların beslenme durumlarının ağrı ve mobilizasyona etkisinin incelenmesi. Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(2), 246–255. https://doi.org/10.53424/balikesirsbd.109306
-
Feldheiser, A., Aziz, O., Baldini, G., Cox, B. P. B. W., Fearon, K. C. H., Feldman, L. S., Gan, T. J., Kennedy, R. H., Ljungqvist, O., Lobo, D. N., Miller, T., Radtke, F. F., Ruiz Garces, T., Schricker, T., Scott, M. J., Thacker, J. K., Ytrebø, L. M., & Carli, F. (2016). Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) for gastrointestinal surgery, part 2: Consensus statement for anaesthesia practice. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 60(3), 289–334. https://doi.org/10.1111/aas.1265
-
İster, G., Hacidursunoğlu Erbaş, D., & Eti Aslan, F. (2025). The effect of prolonged fasting before surgery on pain and anxiety. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 40(2), 377–380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2024.05.02
-
Joshi, G. P., Abdelmalak, B. B., Weigel, W. A., Harbell, M. W., Kuo, C. I., Soriano, S. G., Stricker, P. A., Tipton, T., Grant, M. D., Marbella, A. M., Agarkar, M., Blanck, J. F., & Domino, K. B. (2023). 2023 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for preoperative fasting: Carbohydrate-containing clear liquids with or without protein, chewing gum, and pediatric fasting duration—A modular update of the 2017 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for preoperative fasting. Anesthesiology, 138(2), 132–151. https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.000000000000438
-
Liu, B., Wang, Y., Liu, S., Zhao, T., Zhao, B., Jiang, X., Ye, L., Zhao, L., Lv, W., Zhang, Y., Zheng, T., Xue, Y., Chen, L., Chen, L., Wu, Y., Li, Z., Yan, J., Wang, S., Sun, X., Gao, G., Qu, Y., & He, S. (2019). A randomized controlled study of preoperative oral carbohydrate loading versus fasting in patients undergoing elective craniotomy. Clinical Nutrition, 38(5), 2106–2112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2018.11.00
-
Kirtil, İ., & Aydin, E. (2025). Relationship between preoperative fasting duration and anxiety levels with postoperative pain, nausea-vomiting, and sleep quality in orthopedic surgical patients: A cross-sectional study. Nursing & Health Sciences, 27(1), e70048. https://doi.org/10.1111/nhs.7004
-
Nygren, J. (2006). The metabolic effects of fasting and surgery. Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology, 20(3), 429–438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpa.2006.02.00
-
Rızalar, S., Aydemir, A., & Yıldızeli Topçu, S. (2019). Cerrahi hastalarının ameliyat öncesi ve sonrasında açlık ve susuzluk düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Sağlık ve Yaşam Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(2), 32–36. https://doi.org/10.33308/2687248x.20191215
-
Şanlı, D., Ağartıoğlu Kundakçı, G., Katırcıoğlu, K., Yurt, A., & Akçay, E. (2025). The effects of preoperative carbohydrate loading on postoperative outcomes in neurosurgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Anesthesiology, 25(1), 575. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12871-025-03468-
Senapathi, T. G. A., Tanoto, F., Widnyana, I. M. G., Suarjaya, I. P., Hartawan, I. G. A. G. A. U., & Ryalino, C. (2022). Efficacy of preoperative oral glucose on blood glucose response and neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio in patients undergoing brain tumor resection: Randomized controlled trial study. Bali Journal of Anesthesiology, 6(3), 152–156. https://doi.org/10.4103/bjoa.bjoa_89_2
-
Smith, I., Kranke, P., Murat, I., Smith, A., O’Sullivan, G., Søreide, E., Spies, C., & in’t Veld, B. (2011). Perioperative fasting in adults and children: Guidelines from the European Society of Anaesthesiology. European Journal of Anaesthesiology, 28(8), 556–569.https://doi.org/10.1097/EJA.0b013e3283495ba
-
Søreide, E., Eriksson, L. I., Hirlekar, G., Eriksson, H., Henneberg, S. W., Sandin, R., & Raeder, J. (2005). Pre-operative fasting guidelines: An update. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 49(8), 1041–1047. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.2005.00781.
-
Thorell, A., Nygren, J., & Ljungqvist, O. (1999). Insulin resistance: A marker of surgical stress. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, 2(1), 69–78. https://doi.org/10.1097/00075197-199901000-0001
Beyin ve Sinir Hastalıkları Cerrahisi Hastalarında Ameliyat Öncesi Açlık Süresinin Ameliyat Sonrası İnsülin Direnci İndeksi ve Glikoz Düzeyine Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Year 2026,
Volume: 7 Issue: 1
,
13
-
24
,
30.03.2026
Elif Güler Özden
,
Evin Korkmaz
Abstract
Bu araştırma, beyin ve sinir cerrahisi ameliyatı olan hastaların, ameliyat öncesi açlık sürelerinin ameliyat sonrasında insülin direncine ve glikoz düzeyine etkisini incelemek amacıyla planlandı. Nicel araştırma türlerinden tanımlayıcı tipte planlanan bu çalışma, Nisan 2023 – Ekim 2023 tarihleri arasında Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Sağlık Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi Beyin ve Sinir Cerrahisi bölümünde gerçekleştirildi. Araştırmanın evrenini Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Sağlık Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi Beyin ve Sinir Cerrahisi bölümünde son bir yıl içinde ameliyat olan hastalar oluştururken, çalışma kriterlerine uygun olan 171 hasta örneklemini oluşturdu. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Bireysel Özellikler Formu kullanıldı. Elde edilen veriler free trial version of Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows 25.0 programı kullanılarak analiz edildi. Araştırma verileri değerlendirilirken (sayı, yüzde, min-maks değerleri, medyan, ortalama, standart sapma) tanımlayıcı istatistiksel metotlar kullanıldı. Verilerin normalliği Kolmogrov-Smirnov testi ile araştırıldı. İki grup karşılaştırmalarında Mann Whitney U Testi kullanıldı. Değişkenlerin ilişkilerini incelemek için Spearman korelasyonu uygulandı. Hastaların tanıtıcı özelliklerine bakıldığında; %61.4’ ünün kadın, yaş ortalamasının 52.38±14.92, beden kitle indeksi ortalamasının 27.32±4.86 olduğu belirlendi. Araştırmaya katılan hastaların %69’ unun sigara kullanmadığı, %78.9’unun daha önce ameliyat olduğu belirlendi. Hastalar tıbbi tanılarına göre değerlendirildiğinde %52.6’sının spinal cerrahi geçirdiği, %76’sının açık cerrahi olduğu ve %93.6’sının genel anestezi altında ameliyat olduğu saptandı. Hastaların ameliyat öncesi sıvı gıda sonrası açlık süresi ortalamasının 15.26± 2.87, katı gıda sonrası açlık süresi ortalamasının ise 16.79± 3.05 olduğu, kan glikoz düzeyi ortalamasının 118.24± 36.28 olduğu ve insülin direnci indeksi ortalamasının 3.43± 2.97 olduğu saptandı. Sonuç olarak bu araştırma, hastaların ameliyat öncesi açlık sürelerinin ameliyat sonrası insülin direncine ve glikoz düzeylerine etkisini değerlendirmektedir.
Ethical Statement
Çalışma için etik kurul onayı, XXX Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu’ndan (21.03.2023 tarihli ve 2023-6/16 sayılı karar) alınmıştır. Katılımcılar çalışma hakkında bilgilendirilmiş, katılımın gönüllülük esasına dayandığı belirtilmiş ve çalışmaya dâhil edilmeden önce yazılı bilgilendirilmiş onamları alınmıştır. Çalışma, 1964 Helsinki Bildirgesi ve sonraki güncellemelerinin ilkelerine uygun olarak yürütülmüştür. Katılımcıların kimlik bilgileri gizli tutulmuş, elde edilen veriler yalnızca bilimsel amaçlarla kullanılmıştır.
Supporting Institution
Bu araştırma herhangi bir kamu, ticari veya kar amacı gütmeyen fon sağlayıcı tarafından desteklenmemiştir. Çalışma tamamen araştırmacının kendi imkânlarıyla yürütülmüştür.
Thanks
Yazarlar, bu çalışmaya gönüllü olarak katılan tüm hastalara ve veri toplama sürecine destek veren sağlık profesyonellerine teşekkür eder. Katılımcıların iş birliği ve katkıları, bu araştırmanın başarıyla tamamlanmasında önemli rol oynamıştır.
References
-
American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Preoperative Fasting and the Use of Pharmacologic Agents to Reduce the Risk of Pulmonary Aspiration. (2017). Practice guidelines for preoperative fasting and the use of pharmacologic agents to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration: Application to healthy patients undergoing elective procedures: An updated report. Anesthesiology, 126(3), 376–393. https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.000000000000145
-
Brady, M. C., Kinn, S., Stuart, P., & Ness, V. (2003). Preoperative fasting for adults to prevent perioperative complications. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2003(4), CD004423. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD00442
-
Cebeci, F. (2020). Cerrahi hastalarda perioperatif metabolik değişiklikler. Nobel Tıp Kitabevi.
-
Choudhary, S. K., Bijarniya, D., Jat, S. K., Agrawal, M., & Vasudeva, S. (2025). Effect of the enhanced recovery after surgery protocol in patients undergoing elective craniotomies: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosurgical Review, 48(1), 291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10143-025-03446-
-
Crenshaw, J. T., & Winslow, E. H. (2002). Preoperative fasting: Old habits die hard. American Journal of Nursing, 102(5), 36–44. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000446-200205000-0003
-
Demirel, A., & Ak, E. S. (2024). Beyin tümörü ameliyatı olan hastalarda konfor düzeyi ve konforu etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi. Türk Nöroşirürji Dergisi, 34(1), 33–41.
-
Desborough, J. P. (2000). The stress response to trauma and surgery. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 85(1), 109–117. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/85.1.10
-
Ertem, M., & Savcı, A. (2023). Cerrahi girişim geçiren hastaların beslenme durumlarının ağrı ve mobilizasyona etkisinin incelenmesi. Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(2), 246–255. https://doi.org/10.53424/balikesirsbd.109306
-
Feldheiser, A., Aziz, O., Baldini, G., Cox, B. P. B. W., Fearon, K. C. H., Feldman, L. S., Gan, T. J., Kennedy, R. H., Ljungqvist, O., Lobo, D. N., Miller, T., Radtke, F. F., Ruiz Garces, T., Schricker, T., Scott, M. J., Thacker, J. K., Ytrebø, L. M., & Carli, F. (2016). Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) for gastrointestinal surgery, part 2: Consensus statement for anaesthesia practice. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 60(3), 289–334. https://doi.org/10.1111/aas.1265
-
İster, G., Hacidursunoğlu Erbaş, D., & Eti Aslan, F. (2025). The effect of prolonged fasting before surgery on pain and anxiety. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 40(2), 377–380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2024.05.02
-
Joshi, G. P., Abdelmalak, B. B., Weigel, W. A., Harbell, M. W., Kuo, C. I., Soriano, S. G., Stricker, P. A., Tipton, T., Grant, M. D., Marbella, A. M., Agarkar, M., Blanck, J. F., & Domino, K. B. (2023). 2023 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for preoperative fasting: Carbohydrate-containing clear liquids with or without protein, chewing gum, and pediatric fasting duration—A modular update of the 2017 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for preoperative fasting. Anesthesiology, 138(2), 132–151. https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.000000000000438
-
Liu, B., Wang, Y., Liu, S., Zhao, T., Zhao, B., Jiang, X., Ye, L., Zhao, L., Lv, W., Zhang, Y., Zheng, T., Xue, Y., Chen, L., Chen, L., Wu, Y., Li, Z., Yan, J., Wang, S., Sun, X., Gao, G., Qu, Y., & He, S. (2019). A randomized controlled study of preoperative oral carbohydrate loading versus fasting in patients undergoing elective craniotomy. Clinical Nutrition, 38(5), 2106–2112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2018.11.00
-
Kirtil, İ., & Aydin, E. (2025). Relationship between preoperative fasting duration and anxiety levels with postoperative pain, nausea-vomiting, and sleep quality in orthopedic surgical patients: A cross-sectional study. Nursing & Health Sciences, 27(1), e70048. https://doi.org/10.1111/nhs.7004
-
Nygren, J. (2006). The metabolic effects of fasting and surgery. Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology, 20(3), 429–438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpa.2006.02.00
-
Rızalar, S., Aydemir, A., & Yıldızeli Topçu, S. (2019). Cerrahi hastalarının ameliyat öncesi ve sonrasında açlık ve susuzluk düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Sağlık ve Yaşam Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(2), 32–36. https://doi.org/10.33308/2687248x.20191215
-
Şanlı, D., Ağartıoğlu Kundakçı, G., Katırcıoğlu, K., Yurt, A., & Akçay, E. (2025). The effects of preoperative carbohydrate loading on postoperative outcomes in neurosurgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Anesthesiology, 25(1), 575. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12871-025-03468-
Senapathi, T. G. A., Tanoto, F., Widnyana, I. M. G., Suarjaya, I. P., Hartawan, I. G. A. G. A. U., & Ryalino, C. (2022). Efficacy of preoperative oral glucose on blood glucose response and neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio in patients undergoing brain tumor resection: Randomized controlled trial study. Bali Journal of Anesthesiology, 6(3), 152–156. https://doi.org/10.4103/bjoa.bjoa_89_2
-
Smith, I., Kranke, P., Murat, I., Smith, A., O’Sullivan, G., Søreide, E., Spies, C., & in’t Veld, B. (2011). Perioperative fasting in adults and children: Guidelines from the European Society of Anaesthesiology. European Journal of Anaesthesiology, 28(8), 556–569.https://doi.org/10.1097/EJA.0b013e3283495ba
-
Søreide, E., Eriksson, L. I., Hirlekar, G., Eriksson, H., Henneberg, S. W., Sandin, R., & Raeder, J. (2005). Pre-operative fasting guidelines: An update. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 49(8), 1041–1047. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.2005.00781.
-
Thorell, A., Nygren, J., & Ljungqvist, O. (1999). Insulin resistance: A marker of surgical stress. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, 2(1), 69–78. https://doi.org/10.1097/00075197-199901000-0001