Psikolojik Sözleşme İhlal Algısının Devlet ve Vakıf Üniversitelerinde Görev Yapan Akademisyenler Kapsamında Karşılaştırmalı Analizi

Year 2015, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 48 - 71, 11.06.2015

Ozan Büyükyılmaz , Ahmet Çakmak

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, devlet ve vakıf üniversitelerinde görev yapan akademik personel tarafından algılanan psikolojik sözleşme ihlal derecesinde demografik değişkenler açısında bir farklılık olup olmadığını tespit edebilmektir. Bu amaç kapsamında, Türkiye'de yer alan devlet ve vakıf üniversitelerinde görev yapan 570 akademik personelden anket yöntemi kullanılarak veriler elde edilmiştir. Hipotezleri test etmek amacıyla t-testi ve ANOVA analizinden yararlanılmıştır.Çalışmanın sonucunda, psikolojik sözleşmenin ilişkisel ve işlemsel unsurlarında cinsiyet, medeni
durum, yaş, unvan, üniversite ve üniversitede çalışma süresi değişkenlerinin farklılaştırıcı etkisinin bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Psikolojik Sözleşme, Psikolojik Sözleşme İhlali, Akademik Personel

References

• Agarwal, U. A. ve Bhargava, S. (2013). Effects of Psychological Contract Breach on Organizational Outcomes: Moderating Role of Tenure and Educational Levels, The Journal for Decision Makers, 38 (1), 13-25.
• Altunışık, R., Coşkun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S. ve Yıldırım, E. (2005). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri: SPSS Uygulamalı. İstanbul: 4. Baskı, Avcı Ofset.
• Anderson, N. ve Schalk, R (1998). The Psychological Contract in Retrospect and Prospect, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 19 (Special Issue), 637-647.
• Argyris, C. (1960). Understanding Organizational Behavior. Homewood: Dorsey Press.
• Aydın, İ., Memduhoğlu, H. B., Oğuz, E. ve Güngör, S. (2008). Academic and Non-Academic Staff’s Psychological Contract in Turkey, Higher Education Quarterly, 62 (3), 252-272.
• Bal, M. (2009). Age and Psychological Contract Breach in Relation to Work Outcomes (Unpublished Dissertation), Amsterdam: VU University.
• Bal, P. M., De Lange, A. H., Jansen, P. G. W. ve Van Der Velde, M. E. G. (2008). Psychological Contract Breach and Job Attitudes: A Meta-Analysis of Age as a Moderator, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 72 (1), 143-158.
• Bal, P. M., De Lange, A. H., Jansen, P. G. W. ve Van Der Velde, M. E. G. (2013). A Longitudinal Study of Age-Related Differences in Reactions to Psychological Contract Breach, Applied Psychology: An International Review, 62 (1), 157-181.
• Brown, T. A. (2006). Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Applied Research, New York: The Guilford Press.
• Cassar, V. ve Briner, R. B. (2011). The Relationship between Psychological Contract Breach and Organizational Commitment: Exchange Imbalance as a Moderator of the Mediating Role of Violation, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 78 (2), 283-289.
• Chin, P-L. ve Hung, M-L. (2013). Psychological Contract Breach And Turnover Intention: The Moderating Roles Of Adversity Quotient And Gender, Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 41 (5), 843-860.
• Conway, N. ve Coyle-Shapiro, J. A-M. (2012). The Reciprocal Relationship between Psychological Contract Fulfilment and Employee Performance and the Moderating Role of Perceived Organizational Support and Tenure, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 85 (2), 1-23.
• Conway, N. ve Briner, R. B. (2002). A Daily Diary Study of Affective Responses to Psychological Contract Breach and Exceeded Promises, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23 (3), 287- 302.
• Conway, N. ve Briner, R. B. (2005). Understanding Psychological Contracts at Work: A Critical Evaluation of Theory and Research, New York: Oxford University Press.
• Conway, N. ve Briner, R. B. (2009). Fifty Years of Psychological Contract Research: What Do We Know and What are the Main Challenges?, International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Vol.24, (Ed.: Gerard P. Hodgkinson ve J. Kevin Ford), Southern Gate, Chichester, UK: John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 71-130.
• Coyle-Shapiro, J. A-M. ve Kessler, I. (2002). Exploring Reciprocity through the Lens of the Psychological Contract: Employee and Employer Perspective, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 11 (1), 69-86.
• Dabos, G. E. and Rousseau, D. M. (2004). Mutuality and Reciprocity in the Psychological Contracts of Employees and Employers, Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(1), 52-72.
• Doğan, S. (2008). Örgütsel Bağlılığın Sağlanmasında Personel Güçlendirme ve Psikolojik Sözleşmenin Etkisine İlişkin Bir Araştırma (Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Niğde: Niğde Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
• Dulac, T., Coyle-Shapiro, J. A-M., Henderson, D. J. ve Wayne, S. J. (2008). Not All Responses to Breach are the Same: The Interconnection of Social Exchange and Psychological Contract Processes in Organizations, Academy of Management Journal, 51 (6), 1079-1098.
• Grimmer, M. ve Oddy, M. (2007). Violation of the Psychological Contract: The Mediating Effect of Relational Versus Transactional Beliefs, Australian Journal of Management, 32 (1), 153- 174.
• Guest, D. E. (2004). The Psychology of the Employment Relationship: An Analysis Based on the Psychological Contract, Applied Psychology: An International Review, 53 (4), 541-555.
• Herriot, P. ve Pemberton, C. (1997). Facilitating New Deals, Human Resource Management Journal, 7 (1), 45-56.
• Kickul, J. (2001a). When Organizations Break Their Promises: Employee Reactions to Unfair Processes and Treatment, Journal of Business Ethics, 29 (4), 289-307.
• Kickul, J. (2001b). Promises Made, Promises Broken: An Exploration of Employee Attraction and Retention Practices in Small Business, Journal of Small Business Management, 39 (4), 320-335.
• Kickul, Jill ve Scott W. Lester (2001). Broken Promises: Equity Sensitivity as a Moderator between Psychological Contract Breach and Employee Attitudes and Behaviors, Journal of Business and Psychology, 16 (2), 191-217.
• Kiefer, T. ve Briner, R. B. (2006). “Emotion at Work”, Developments in Work and Organizational Psychology: Implications for International Business, (Ed.: Paul Jackson ve Manfusa Shams), Elsevier Ltd, Oxford, UK, s. 185-228.
• Kotter, J. P. (1973). The Psychological Contract: Managing the Joining-Up Process, California Management Review, 15 (3), 91-99.
• Lester, S. W., Turnley, W. H., Bloodgood, J. M. ve Bolino, M. C. (2002). Not Seeing Eye to Eye: Differences in Supervisor and Subordinate Perceptions of and Attributions for Psychological Contract Breach, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23 (1), 39-56.
• Levinson, H., Price, C. R., Munden, K. J., Mandl, H. J. ve Solley, C. M. (1962). Men, Management and Mental Health. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
• Lo, S. ve Aryee, S. (2003). Psychological Contract Breach in a Chinese Context: An Integrative Approach, Journal of Management Studies, 40 (4), 1005-1020.
• McLean Parks, J., Kidder, D. L. ve Gallagher, D. G. (1998). Fitting Square Pegs into Round Holes: Mapping the Domain of Contingent Work Arrangements onto the Psychological Contract, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 19 (Special Issue), 697-730.
• Millward, L. J. ve Hopkins, L. J. (1998). Psychological Contracts, Organizational and Job Commitment, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28 (16), 1530-1556.
• Morrison, E. W. ve Robinson, S. L. (1997). When Employees Feel Betrayed: A Model of How Psychological Contract Violation Develops, Academy of Management Review, 22 (1), 226- 256.
• Nunnally, J. C. ve Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric Theory. New York: 3rd Edition, McGraw- Hill Inc.
• Orvis, K. A., Dudley, N. M. ve Cortina, J. M. (2008). Conscientiousness and Reactions to Psychological Contract Breach: A Longitudinal Field Study, Journal of Applied Psychology, 93 (5), 1183-1193.
• Petersitzke, M. (2009). Supervisor Psychological Contract Management. Wissenschaft, Germany: Gabler Edition.
• Robinson, S. L. (1996). Trust and Breach of the Psychological Contract, Administrative Science Quarterly, 41 (4), 574-599.
• Robinson, S. L. ve Rousseau, D. M. (1994). Violating the Psychological Contract: Not the Exception But the Norm, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15 (3), 245-259.
• Robinson, S. L. ve Morrison, E. W. (1995). Psychological Contracts and OCB: The Effect of Unfulfilled Obligations on Civic Virtue Behavior, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16 (3), 189-298.
• Robinson, S. L., Kraatz, M. S. ve Rousseau, D. M. (1994). Changing Obligations and the Psychological Contract: A Longitudinal Study, Academy of Management Journal, 37 (1), 137-152.
• Rousseau, D. M. (1989). Psychological and Implied Contracts in Organizations, Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 2 (2), 121-139.
• Rousseau, D. M. (1995). Psychological Contracts in Organizations: Understanding Written and Unwritten Agreements. Thousand Oaks, California, USA: Sage Publications.
• Rousseau, D. M. ve Wade-Benzoni, K. A. (1994). Linking Strategy and Human Resource Practices: How Employee and Customer Contracts are Crated, Human Resource Management, 33 (3), 463-489.
• Schein E. H. (1965). Organizational Psychology. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
• Sekaran, U. (1992). Research Methods for Business: A Skill Building Approach. New York: 2nd Edition, John Wiley.
• Shore, L. M. ve Tetrick, L. E. (1994). The Psychological Contract as an Explanatory Framework in the Employment Relationship, Trends in Organizational Behavior Vol. 1, (Ed.: Carl L. Cooper ve Denise M. Rousseau), England, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 91-109.
• Sims, R. R. (1994). Human Resource Management's Role in Clarifying the New Psychological Contract, Human Resource Management, 33 (3), 373-382.
• Suazo, M. M., Turnley, W. H. ve Mai-Dalton, R. R. (2008). Characteristics of the Supervisor- Subordinate Relationship as Predictors of Psychological Contract Breach, Journal of Managerial Issues, 10 (3), 295-312.
• Tavşancıl, E. (2010). Tutumların Ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile Veri Analizi. Ankara: 4. Baskı, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
• Taylor, T., Darcy, S., Hoye, R. and Cuskelly, G. (2006). Using Psychological Contract Theory to Explore Issues in Effective Volunteer Management, European Sport Management Quarterly, 6 (2), 123-147.
• Tekleab, A. G. ve Taylor, M. S. (2003). Aren't There Two Parties in an Employment Relationship? Antecedents and Consequences of Organizational-Employee Agreement on Contract Obligation and Violations, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24 (5), 585- 608.
• Tipples, R., Krivokapic-Skoko, B. ve O’Neill, G. (2007). University Academics’ Psychological Contracts in Australia ve New Zealand, New Zealand Journal of Employment Relations, 32 (2), 32-52.
• Topa, G. C., Dominguez, J. F. M. ve Depolo, M. (2008). Psychological Contract Breach and Outcomes: Combining Meta-Analysis and Structural Equation Models, Psicothema, 20 (3), 487-496.
• Turnley, W. H., Bolino, C., Lester, S. W. ve Bloodgood, J. M. (2003). The Impact of Psychological Contract Fulfillment on the Performance of In-Role and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors, Journal of Management, 29 (2), 187-206.
• Turnley, W. H. ve Feldman, D. C. (1999a). A Discrepancy Model of Psychological Contract Violation, Human Resource Management Review, 9 (3), 367-386.
• Turnley, W. H. ve Feldman, D. C. (1999b). The Impact of Psychological Contract Violations on Exit, Voice, Loyalty, and Neglect, Human Relations, 52 (7), 895-922.
• Turnley, W. H. ve Feldman, D. C. (2000). Re-Examining the Effects of Psychological Contract Violations: Unmet Expectations and Job Dissatisfaction as Mediators, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21 (1), 25-42.
• Tyagi, A. and Agrawal, R. K. (2010). Emerging Employment Relationships: Issues and Concerns in Psychological Contract, The Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 45 (3), 381-395.