Kanser hastalarında anksiyete, depresyon ve yaşam kalitesinin kapsamlı değerlendirilmesi: klinik, sosyodemografik ve psikososyal etkenler

Abstract

Özet Amaç: Kanser hastalarında anksiyete ve depresyon prevalansını değerlendirmek, sosyodemografik ve klinik belirleyicileri ortaya koymak ve yaşam kalitesi (YK) ile ilişkilerini incelemek. Yöntemler: Üçüncü basamak bir onkoloji kliniğinde 750 yetişkin kanser hastası üzerinde kesitsel bir çalışma yürütüldü. Anksiyete ve depresyon sırasıyla Beck Anksiyete Envanteri (BAE) ve Beck Depresyon Envanteri (BDE) ile ölçüldü; yaşam kalitesi ise EORTC QLQ-C30 ile değerlendirildi. Sosyodemografik ve klinik veriler yapılandırılmış formlar aracılığıyla toplandı. Karşılaştırmalı, korelasyon ve alt grup analizleri yapıldı; p < 0,05 istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edildi. Bulgular: Anksiyete ve depresyon prevalansı sırasıyla %46,5 ve %42,4 olup, iki durum arasında anlamlı komorbidite görüldü. Anksiyete, kadınlarda, dul bireylerde ve geleneksel olmayan yaşam düzenine sahip olanlarda daha sık gözlendi ve en yüksek oran jinekolojik kanserli hastalarda saptandı. Depresyon ise demografik veya klinik faktörlerle anlamlı bir ilişki göstermedi. Anksiyete; duygusal, bilişsel ve sosyal işlevsellik ile negatif korelasyon gösterirken, depresyon yalnızca duygusal işlevsellik ile ilişkili bulundu. Eşzamanlı anksiyete–depresyonu olan hastalar, duygusal işlevsellikte en belirgin bozulmayı gösterdi. Sonuç: Anksiyete ve depresyon kanser hastalarında yüksek prevalansa sahiptir ve yaşam kalitesi üzerinde farklı ancak kısmen örtüşen etkilere sahiptir. Anksiyete birden fazla işlevsel alanı etkilerken, depresyon daha çok duygusal boyutta sınırlı kalmıştır. Kadın cinsiyet, dul olma ve sınırlı sosyal destek başlıca risk faktörleri olarak öne çıkmıştır; kanser tipi, metastaz ve diğer komorbiditelerin etkisi ise sınırlı bulunmuştur. Bulgular, rutin onkoloji bakımında evrensel distres taramasının ve bütünleşik psikososyal desteğin gerekliliğini vurgulamaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Anksiyete; Depresyon; Yaşam Kalitesi; Kanser; Psikososyal Komorbidite; Kesitsel Çalışma; Beck Anksiyete Envanteri; Beck Depresyon Envanteri; EORTC QLQ-C30; Sosyodemografik Faktörler; Klinik Belirleyiciler; Prevalans; Duygusal İşlevsellik; Bilişsel İşlevsellik; Sosyal İşlevsellik; Psikososyal Müdahaleler; Distres Taraması

Keywords

• Anksiyete
• Depresyon
• Yaşam Kalitesi
• Kanser
• Psikososyal Komorbidite
• Kesitsel Çalışma
• Beck Anksiyete Envanteri
• Beck Depresyon Envanteri
• EORTC QLQ-C30

Comprehensive evaluation of anxiety, depression, and quality of life in cancer patients: clinical, sociodemographic, and psychosocial influences

Abstract

Aims: It was aimed to evaluate the prevalence of anxiety and depression among cancer patients, and examine their association with quality of life (QoL). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, including 750 adult cancer patients at a tertiary oncology outpatient clinic. Anxiety and depression status were measured using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), respectively, while QoL was assessed with the EORTC QLQ-C30. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected through structured forms. Comparative, correlation, and subgroup analyses were performed, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of anxiety and depression was 46.5% and 42.4%, respectively, Anxiety was more common among females, widowed individuals, and those living in non-traditional arrangements, and was highest in patients with gynecological cancers. Depression showed no significant association with demographic or clinical factors. Anxiety was negatively correlated with emotional, cognitive, and social functioning, whereas depression was selectively linked to emotional functioning. Patients with comorbid anxiety–depression demonstrated the most significant impairment in emotional functioning. Conclusion: Anxiety and depression are highly prevalent in cancer patients and exert distinct but overlapping effects on QoL, with anxiety impacting multiple functional domains. Female sex, widowhood, and limited social support emerged as key risk factors, whereas cancer type, metastasis, and comorbidity had a minor influence. These findings underscore the need for universal distress screening and integrated psychosocial support in routine oncology care.

Keywords

• Anxiety
• depression
• quality of life
• cancer
• psychosocial comorbidity

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