Research Article

Hydrological Modeling and Calibration with Swat in the Arıt Stream Basin, Türkiye

Volume: 8 Number: 2 December 31, 2025
EN TR

Hydrological Modeling and Calibration with Swat in the Arıt Stream Basin, Türkiye

Abstract

This study develops, calibrates, and validates a SWAT2012 hydrological model for the Arıt Stream sub-basin in Bartın Province, Türkiye, to provide a reproducible baseline for analyzing streamflow regime and basin water balance under current and changing climate conditions. The model was set up in QGIS using the QSWAT interface, supported by a 25 m DEM, CORINE 2018 land use/land cover data, and FAO-based soil information. Daily precipitation and maximum–minimum temperature records for 2010–2023 were used as meteorological forcing, and potential evapotranspiration was computed using the Penman–Monteith method. Simulations were performed at a daily time step for 2010–2023, with 2010–2011 reserved as a warm-up period and model evaluation carried out at a monthly scale. Monthly outlet discharge (FLOW_OUT) at the Darıören gauging station (DSİ D13A049) was compared with observations, and calibration/validation were conducted in SWAT-CUP using the SUFI 2 algorithm. To account for the small difference between the modeled drainage area (≈130 km²) and the reported gauge drainage area (137 km²), observed discharges were scaled by the area ratio 130/137 (=0.95). Model performance yielded NSE=0.79, R²=0.84, KGE=0.71, RSR=0.46 and PBIAS=−16.9% for the calibration period (2012–2018), and NSE=0.78, R²=0.83, KGE=0.70, RSR=0.47 and PBIAS=−20.9% for the validation period (2019–2023). The negative PBIAS values indicate a tendency to overestimate mean discharge; however, the model reproduces the observed seasonal pattern and provides a consistent basis for future scenario analyses and water resources assessments in the Bartın region.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Geological Sciences and Engineering (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Hamed Mardanshahi This is me
Türkiye

Publication Date

December 31, 2025

Submission Date

August 22, 2025

Acceptance Date

August 28, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 8 Number: 2

APA
Mardanshahi, H., & Gemici, E. (2025). Hydrological Modeling and Calibration with Swat in the Arıt Stream Basin, Türkiye. Bartın University International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 8(2), 308-323. https://doi.org/10.55930/jonas.1770442
AMA
1.Mardanshahi H, Gemici E. Hydrological Modeling and Calibration with Swat in the Arıt Stream Basin, Türkiye. JONAS. 2025;8(2):308-323. doi:10.55930/jonas.1770442
Chicago
Mardanshahi, Hamed, and Ercan Gemici. 2025. “Hydrological Modeling and Calibration With Swat in the Arıt Stream Basin, Türkiye”. Bartın University International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8 (2): 308-23. https://doi.org/10.55930/jonas.1770442.
EndNote
Mardanshahi H, Gemici E (December 1, 2025) Hydrological Modeling and Calibration with Swat in the Arıt Stream Basin, Türkiye. Bartın University International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8 2 308–323.
IEEE
[1]H. Mardanshahi and E. Gemici, “Hydrological Modeling and Calibration with Swat in the Arıt Stream Basin, Türkiye”, JONAS, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 308–323, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.55930/jonas.1770442.
ISNAD
Mardanshahi, Hamed - Gemici, Ercan. “Hydrological Modeling and Calibration With Swat in the Arıt Stream Basin, Türkiye”. Bartın University International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8/2 (December 1, 2025): 308-323. https://doi.org/10.55930/jonas.1770442.
JAMA
1.Mardanshahi H, Gemici E. Hydrological Modeling and Calibration with Swat in the Arıt Stream Basin, Türkiye. JONAS. 2025;8:308–323.
MLA
Mardanshahi, Hamed, and Ercan Gemici. “Hydrological Modeling and Calibration With Swat in the Arıt Stream Basin, Türkiye”. Bartın University International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, vol. 8, no. 2, Dec. 2025, pp. 308-23, doi:10.55930/jonas.1770442.
Vancouver
1.Hamed Mardanshahi, Ercan Gemici. Hydrological Modeling and Calibration with Swat in the Arıt Stream Basin, Türkiye. JONAS. 2025 Dec. 1;8(2):308-23. doi:10.55930/jonas.1770442