Araştırma Makalesi

Hydrological Modeling and Calibration with Swat in the Arıt Stream Basin, Türkiye

Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2 31 Aralık 2025
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Hydrological Modeling and Calibration with Swat in the Arıt Stream Basin, Türkiye

Öz

This study develops, calibrates, and validates a SWAT2012 hydrological model for the Arıt Stream sub-basin in Bartın Province, Türkiye, to provide a reproducible baseline for analyzing streamflow regime and basin water balance under current and changing climate conditions. The model was set up in QGIS using the QSWAT interface, supported by a 25 m DEM, CORINE 2018 land use/land cover data, and FAO-based soil information. Daily precipitation and maximum–minimum temperature records for 2010–2023 were used as meteorological forcing, and potential evapotranspiration was computed using the Penman–Monteith method. Simulations were performed at a daily time step for 2010–2023, with 2010–2011 reserved as a warm-up period and model evaluation carried out at a monthly scale. Monthly outlet discharge (FLOW_OUT) at the Darıören gauging station (DSİ D13A049) was compared with observations, and calibration/validation were conducted in SWAT-CUP using the SUFI 2 algorithm. To account for the small difference between the modeled drainage area (≈130 km²) and the reported gauge drainage area (137 km²), observed discharges were scaled by the area ratio 130/137 (=0.95). Model performance yielded NSE=0.79, R²=0.84, KGE=0.71, RSR=0.46 and PBIAS=−16.9% for the calibration period (2012–2018), and NSE=0.78, R²=0.83, KGE=0.70, RSR=0.47 and PBIAS=−20.9% for the validation period (2019–2023). The negative PBIAS values indicate a tendency to overestimate mean discharge; however, the model reproduces the observed seasonal pattern and provides a consistent basis for future scenario analyses and water resources assessments in the Bartın region.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. Althoff, D., Rodrigues, L. N. (2021). Goodness-of-fit criteria for hydrological models: Model calibration and performance assessment. Journal of Hydrology, 600, 126674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126674 SCiNiTO
  2. Arnold, J. G., & Allen, P. M. (1996). Estimating hydrologic budgets for three Illinois watersheds. Journal of Hydrology, 176(1–4), 57–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(95)02782-3 ScienceDirectSCIRP
  3. Bieger, K., Arnold, J. G., Rathjens, H., White, M. J., Bosch, D. D., Allen, P. M., Volk, M., Srinivasan, R. (2017). Introduction to SWAT+, a completely restructured version of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 53(1), 115–130. https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12482 Wiley Online Libraryswat.tamu.edu
  4. Çitakoğlu, H., Çetin, M., Çobaner, M., Haktanır, T. (2017). Modeling of seasonal precipitation with geostatistical techniques and its estimation at ungauged locations. Teknik Dergi, 28, 7725–7745. https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.299132 AgriFood Science
  5. Dile, Y. T., Daggupati, P., George, C., Srinivasan, R., Arnold, J. G. (2016). Introducing a new open-source GIS user interface for the SWAT model. Environmental Modelling & Software, 85, 129–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.08.004 ScienceDirect
  6. Duru, U., Arabi, M., Wohl, E. E. (2018). Modeling stream flow and sediment yield using the SWAT model: a case study of Ankara River basin, Turkey. Physical Geography, 39(3), 264-289. https://doi.org/10.1080/02723646.2017.1342199
  7. Garcia, X., Estrada, L., Llorente, O., & Acuña, V. (2024). Assessing small hydropower viability in water-scarce regions: Environmental flow and climate change impacts using a SWAT+-based tool. Environmental Sciences Europe, 36, 126. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-024-00938-1 SpringerOpenSpringerLink
  8. Kışlıoğlu, H. E., Bekaroğlu, Ş. Ş., Dadaser-Çelik, F. (2024). Hydrological modelling in the Southern Marmara Basin using SWAT+. Journal of Engineering Sciences and Design, 12(3), 531–543. https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.1473890 avesis.erciyes.edu.trDergiPark

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Yer Bilimleri ve Jeoloji Mühendisliği (Diğer)

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Hamed Mardanshahi Bu kişi benim
Türkiye

Yayımlanma Tarihi

31 Aralık 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

22 Ağustos 2025

Kabul Tarihi

28 Ağustos 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Mardanshahi, H., & Gemici, E. (2025). Hydrological Modeling and Calibration with Swat in the Arıt Stream Basin, Türkiye. Bartın University International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 8(2), 308-323. https://doi.org/10.55930/jonas.1770442
AMA
1.Mardanshahi H, Gemici E. Hydrological Modeling and Calibration with Swat in the Arıt Stream Basin, Türkiye. JONAS. 2025;8(2):308-323. doi:10.55930/jonas.1770442
Chicago
Mardanshahi, Hamed, ve Ercan Gemici. 2025. “Hydrological Modeling and Calibration with Swat in the Arıt Stream Basin, Türkiye”. Bartın University International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8 (2): 308-23. https://doi.org/10.55930/jonas.1770442.
EndNote
Mardanshahi H, Gemici E (01 Aralık 2025) Hydrological Modeling and Calibration with Swat in the Arıt Stream Basin, Türkiye. Bartın University International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8 2 308–323.
IEEE
[1]H. Mardanshahi ve E. Gemici, “Hydrological Modeling and Calibration with Swat in the Arıt Stream Basin, Türkiye”, JONAS, c. 8, sy 2, ss. 308–323, Ara. 2025, doi: 10.55930/jonas.1770442.
ISNAD
Mardanshahi, Hamed - Gemici, Ercan. “Hydrological Modeling and Calibration with Swat in the Arıt Stream Basin, Türkiye”. Bartın University International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8/2 (01 Aralık 2025): 308-323. https://doi.org/10.55930/jonas.1770442.
JAMA
1.Mardanshahi H, Gemici E. Hydrological Modeling and Calibration with Swat in the Arıt Stream Basin, Türkiye. JONAS. 2025;8:308–323.
MLA
Mardanshahi, Hamed, ve Ercan Gemici. “Hydrological Modeling and Calibration with Swat in the Arıt Stream Basin, Türkiye”. Bartın University International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, c. 8, sy 2, Aralık 2025, ss. 308-23, doi:10.55930/jonas.1770442.
Vancouver
1.Hamed Mardanshahi, Ercan Gemici. Hydrological Modeling and Calibration with Swat in the Arıt Stream Basin, Türkiye. JONAS. 01 Aralık 2025;8(2):308-23. doi:10.55930/jonas.1770442