Yapıların Cephelerinde Kullanılan Alüminyum Kompozit Malzemelerin Isıl Davranışları: Balıkesir Kent Merkezi Örneği

Abstract

Yapı cephelerinin güneş radyasyonu yutuculuk ve yansıtıcılıkları yapının ısı kazanım derecesini ve çevreye yansıyan ısı miktarını etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, son yıllarda yapıların cephelerinde yaygın olarak kullanılan olan alüminyum kompozit cephe kaplama malzemelerinin yapı ısı kazancı ve kentsel ısı adası üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktır. Çalışmada, alüminyum kompozit cephe kaplama malzemelerinin güneş radyasyonu karşısındaki davranışları araştırılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında, farklı renklerdeki alüminyum kompozit malzemeler farklı yöntemlerle incelenmiş, çalışma bölgesi olarak Türkiye’nin batısında yer alan ve son yıllarda hızla gelişmekte olan Balıkesir kenti seçilmiştir. Deneyler sonucunda beklenildiği gibi koyu renkli malzemelerin ısı yutuculuğunun daha fazla olduğu görülmekle beraber ısı yansıtıcılık açısından açık renkli malzemeler ile koyu renkli malzemeler arasında anlamlı bir fark görülmemiştir. Yapılan deneyler sonucunda açık renkli malzemelerin gerek ışınım düzeylerinin düşük olması gerekse de yansıtma düzeylerinde koyu renkli malzemelere göre dikkate değer bir farklılık olmaması sebebiyle, ışınım ve ısı yansıtma açısından tercih edilebilir durumda olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Keywords

• Alüminyum Kompozit Panel
• Cephe Kaplaması
• Isı Emme
• Isı Yansıtma
• Isı Adası.

Thanks

Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi, Yapı Fiziği ve Malzemesi Ana Bilim Dalı’na desteklerinden dolayı ve ayrıca ankete katılarak çalışmaya katkı sunan mimar meslektaşlarımıza teşekkür ederiz.

Thermal Behavior of Aluminum Composite Materials Used on the Facades of Buildings: Balıkesir City Center Example

Abstract

The solar radiation absorption and reflectivity of building facades affect the degree of building heat gain and the amount of heat reflected to the environment. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of aluminum composite facade cladding materials, which have been widely used on the facades of buildings in recent years, on building heat gain and urban heat island. In the study, the behavior of aluminum composite facade cladding materials against solar radiation was investigated. Within the scope of the study, aluminum composite materials of different colors were examined with different methods, and the city of Balıkesir, which is located in the west of Turkey and has been developing rapidly in recent years, was chosen as the study area. As a result of the experiments, it was seen that the heat absorbency of dark-colored materials was higher, as expected, but no significant difference was observed between light-colored materials and dark-colored materials in terms of heat reflectivity. As a result of the experiments, it has been concluded that light-colored materials are preferable in terms of radiation and heat reflection, both because their radiation levels are low and because there is no significant difference in their reflection levels compared to dark colored materials.

Keywords

• Aluminium Composite Panel
• Cladding
• Heat Absorption
• Heat Reflection
• Heat Island.

References

1. Ashrafi, N., Hanim, M. A., Sarraf, M., Sulaiman, S. & Hong, T. S. (2020). Microstructural, tribology and corrosion properties of optimized Fe3o4-sic reinforced aluminum matrix hybrid nano filler composite fabricated through powder metallurgy method. Materials, 18(13), 4090. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13184090
2. Aytekin, M. & Serengil, Y. (2022). Assessment of vulnerability, resilience capacity and land use within the scope of climate change adaptation: The case of Balıkesir-Susurluk Basin. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 2 (22), 112-124. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1179037
3. Çalışkan, C. İ., Arpacıoğlu, Ü., (2022) Additive manufacturing on the façade: functional use of direct metal laser sintering hatch distance process parameters in building envelope. Emerald Publishing, ISSN: 1355-2546. https://doi.org/10.1108/RPJ-11-2021-0300
4. Bretz, SE & Akbari, H. (1997). Yüksek albedolu çatı kaplamalarının uzun vadeli performansı. Enerji ve Binalar, 25(2), 159-167.
5. Chamroune, N., Mereib, D., Delange, F., Caillault, N., Lu, Y., Grosseau-Poussard, J. & Silvain, J. (2018). Effect of flake powder metallurgy on thermal conductivity of graphite flakes reinforced aluminum matrix composites. J Mater Sci, 11(53), 8180-8192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853- 018-2139-1
6. Cordero, R. J. B., Robert, V., Cardinali, G., Arinze, E. S., Thon, S. M. & Casadevall, A. (2018). Impact of yeast pigmentation on heat capture and latitudinal distribution. Current Biology, 16(28), 2657- 2664.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.06.034
7. Gürbüz, M., Şenel, M. & Koç, E. (2017). The effect of sintering time, temperature, and graphene addition on the hardness and microstructure of aluminum composites. Journal of Composite Materials, 4(52), 553-563. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998317740200
8. Heaviside, C. (2020). Urban Heat Islands and Their Associated Impacts On Health. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199389414.013.332

9. Herbold, E., Nesterenko, V., Benson, D., Cai, J., Vecchio, K., Jiang, F. & Proud, W. (2008). Particle size effect on strength, failure, and shock behavior ın polytetrafluoroethylene-al-w granular composite materials. Journal of Applied Physics, 10(104), 103903. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3000631
10. Kleemann, F., Lederer, J., Rechberger, H. & Fellner, J. (2016). Gis-based analysis of vienna's material stock ın buildings. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2(21), 368-380. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12446
11. Kondoff, C., Zaekova, R. & Manilova, M. (2021). Aluminum based composites obtained by Fsp (Review). ETR, (3), 148-153. https://doi.org/10.17770/etr2021vol3.6640
12. Kukkonen I.T. & Jõeleht A. (1996): "Geothermal modelling of the lithosphere in the central baltic shield and its southern slope", Tectonophysics, v. 255, p. 25-45.
13. Kurita, H., Feuillet, E., Guillemet, T., Heintz, J., Kawasaki, A. & Silvain, J. (2014). Simple fabrication and characterization of discontinuous carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite for lightweight heat sink applications. Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.), 4(27), 714-722. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40195-014-0106-7
14. Kwon, H., Bradbury, C. & Leparoux, M. (2010). Fabrication of functionally graded carbon nanotube- reinforced aluminum matrix composite. Adv. Eng. Mater., 4(13), 325-329. https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.201000251
15. Li, Q. & Zhang, J. (2016). Thermal expansion behavior of aluminum composites reinforced by ceramic particles. Journal of Composite Materials, 50(25), 3567-3580.
16. Marín-Genescà, M., García-Amorós, J., Mudarra, M., Massagués Vidal, L., Cañavate, J. & Colom, X. (2023). Insights Into the structural and dielectric behavior of composites produced from epdm waste processed through a devulcanization method and Sbr. ACS Omega, 14(8), 12830-12841. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c08115
17. Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü. (t.y.). İl ve İlçeler İstatistikleri - Balıkesir. Erişim tarihi: 30 Haziran 2023. https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?m=BALIKESIRBalıkesir İl Çevre Durum Raporu. (2020). Balıkesir Büyükşehir Belediyesi.
18. Mysiukiewicz, O., Kosmela, P., Barczewski, M. & Hejna, A. (2020). Mechanical, thermal and rheological properties of polyethylene-based composites filled with micrometric aluminum powder. Materials, 5(13), 1242. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13051242
19. NAVEED, M. (2023). Effect of heat treatment on sliding wear resistance of hybrid aluminum matrix composite. Recent Prog Mater, 02(05), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.21926/rpm.2302015
20. Nishida, H., Fan, Y., Mori, T., Oyagi, N., Shirai, Y. & Endo, T. (2005). Feedstock recycling of flame- resisting poly(lactic acid)/aluminum hydroxide composite to l,l-lactide. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 5(44), 1433-1437. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie049208+
21. Oddone, V., Boerner, B. & Reich, S. (2017). Effect of heat treatment on sliding wear resistance of hybrid aluminum matrix composite. Recent Prog Mater, 2(5), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.21926/rpm.2302015
22. Rajesh, P. V., Gupta, K. K., Čep, R., Kouřil, K. & Kalita, K. (2022). Optimizing friction stir welding of dissimilar grades of aluminum alloy using waspas. Materials, 5(15), 1715. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15051715
23. Reckien, D., Flacke, J., Olazabal, M. & Heidrich, O. (2015). The ınfluence of drivers and barriers on urban adaptation and mitigation plans—an empirical analysis of European Cities. PLoS ONE, 8(10), e0135597. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135597
24. Rohatgi, P., Gupta, N. & Alaraj, S. (2005). Thermal expansion of aluminum–fly ash cenosphere composites synthesized by pressure ınfiltration technique. Journal of Composite Materials, 13(40), 1163-1174. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998305057379
25. Sanver, M. (1983). Yerkürenin ısıl evrimi ve günümüzde yeriçinin sıcaklığı", İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Maden Fakültesi, 798 s.
26. Schloss, K. & Palmer, S. (2010). Aesthetic response to color combinations: preference, harmony, and similarity. Atten Percept Psychophys, 2(73), 551-571. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-010- 0027-0
27. Sun, Y., Fan, H., Li, M. & Zipf, A. (2015). Identifying the City Center Using Human Travel Flows Generated From Location-based Social Networking Data. Environ Plann B Plann Des, 3(43), 480-498. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265813515617642
28. Turcotte, D. L. & Schubert, G. (2002). Jeodinamik. Cambridge Üniversitesi Yayınları.
29. Varolgüneş, F. K. (2019). Evaluation of vernacular and new housing ındoor comfort conditions ın col climate – a field survey ın Eastern Turkey. IJHMA, 2(13), 207-226. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-02-2019-0019
30. Yüncü, H. & Kakaç, S. (1999). Temel Isı Transferi. Bilim Yayınları, Ankara, 305.
31. Zhang, Y. & Wang, L. (2017). High-temperature performance of aluminum composites reinforced with ceramic fibers. Journal of Materials Science, 52(15), 9072-9086.
32. Zhang, Y., Liu, P., Han, B., Xiang, Y., Li, L. (2019). Hue, chroma, and lightness preference ın chinese adults: age and gender differences. Color Res Appl, 6(44), 967-980. https://doi.org/10.1002/col.22426
33. Zhou, W. & Yu, D. (2010). Thermal and dielectric properties of the aluminum particle/epoxy resin composites. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 6(118), 3156-3166. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.32442