Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

GELİR GRUBU DAĞILIMLARININ POLİTİK VAATLERE ETKİSİ: GELİR DAĞITIM KARARLARI ÜZERİNE DENEYSEL BİR ANALİZ

Year 2018, , 162 - 173, 15.10.2018
https://doi.org/10.24954/JORE.2018.21

Abstract

Başkalarını etkileyen dağılım kararları verirken bireylerin kararlarını şekillendiren mekanizmalar iktisat, politika ve psikoloji literatürlerinin ortak alanında yer almış ve pek çok teorinin temelini oluşturmuştur. Önerilen sözler ve bu sözlerin tutulup tutulmadığı bu üç alanın her birinde farklı yönleriyle incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada söz verme ve sonrasında gerçekleştirme/gerçekleştirmeme yönündeki tercihleri bir seçim oyununda incelemeyi amaçlıyoruz. Tasarladığımız oy verme deneyinde katılımcılar; seçmen ve politikacı rollerinde yer almaktadır. Politikacı katılımcılar, kendilerine verilen bütçe üzerinden seçmenlere yönelik gelir bölüşümüne dair seçim vaatlerinde bulunarak rekabet etmektedirler. Heterojen başlangıç gelirleri olan seçmenler, her politikacının değişik gelir gruplarına yönelik gelir dağılım önerilerini görerek oy kullanmaktadırlar. Seçim neticesinde kazanan politikacıdan seçmenlere yönelik gerçek bölüşüme karar vermesi istenmektedir. Bu deneyle cevaplamayı amaçladığımız iki temel soru var: Politikacı rolündeki bireyler vaatlerini nasıl bir strateji ile şekillendiriyor? Ve Kazanan politikacılar verdikleri sözleri tutuyor mu? Aldığımız sonuçlar bireylerin seçimleri kazanma yönünde vaatlerini şekillendirdiğini ancak yüksek gelir grubuna yönelik vaatlerin, düşük ve orta gelir grubuna verilen vaatlerden daha az tutulduğunu göstermektedir.

References

  • Abrams, B. A., ve Settle, R. F. (2004). Campaign-finance Reform: A Public Choice Perspective. Public Choice, 120(3-4): 379-400.
  • Austen-Smith, D., ve Banks, J. (1989). Electoral Accountability and Incumbency. In P. Ordeshook (Ed.), Models of Strategic Choice in Politics Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
  • Blais, A. (2000). To Vote or not to Vote?: The Merits and Limits of Rational Choice Theory. University of Pittsburgh Pre.
  • Battigalli, P., ve Dufwenberg, M. (2007). Guilt in Games. American Economic Review, 97(2):170-176.
  • Bolton, G. E. ve Ockenfels, A. (2000). ERC: A Theory of Equity, Reciprocity, and Competition. American Economic Review, 90:166-193.
  • Born, A., van Eck, P. ve Johannesson, M. (2017). An Experimental Investigation of Election Promises. Political Psychology, 39(3): 685-705.
  • Charness, G. ve Dufwenberg, M. (2006). Promises and Partnership. Econometrica, 74(6): 1579-1601.
  • Charness, G. ve Rabin, M. (2002). Understanding Social Preferences with Simple Tests. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117(3): 817-869.
  • Corazzini, L., Kube, S., Maréchal, M.A. ve Nicolò, A. (2014). Elections and Deceptions: an Experimental Study on the Behavioral Effects of Democracy. American Journal of Political Science, 58(3): 579-592.
  • Downs, A. (1957). An Economic Theory of Political Action in a Democracy. Journal of Political Economy, 65(2): 135-150.
  • Ellingsen, T., Johannesson, M., Tjøtta, S. ve Torsvik, G. (2007). Testing Guilt Aversion. Tech. rep. SSE/EFI Working Paper Series in Economics ve Finance.
  • Falk, A. ve Fischbacher U. (2006). A Theory of Reciprocity. Games and Economic Behavior, 54(2): 293-315.
  • Fehr, E. ve Schmidt, K. M. (1999). A Theory of Fairness, Competition, and Cooperation. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114(3): 817-868.
  • Fischbacher, U. (2007). z-Tree: Zurich Toolbox for Ready-Made Economic Experiments. Experimental Economics, 10(2): 171-178.
  • Hao, L. ve Houser, D. (2010). Honest Lies. Interdisciplinary Center for Economic Science and Department of Economics, George Mason University, 4400 University Dr, MSN 1B2, Fairfax, VA 22030.
  • Hurkens, S. ve Kartik, N. (2006). “(When) Would I Lie to You? Comment on Deception: The Role of Consequences”. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=907109.
  • Imbeau, L. M. (2009). Testing the “Veil of Ignorance” Hypothesis in Constitutional Choice: a “Walk-Talk” Approach. Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice, 26(1): 3-21.
  • Moury, C. (2011). Italian Coalitions and Electoral Promises: Assessing the Democratic Performance of the Prodi I and Berlusconi II Governments. Modern Italy, 16(1): 35–50.
  • Mueller, D. C. (2004). Public Choice: an Introduction. The Encyclopedia of Public Choice, Springer: 32–48.
  • Pétry, F. ve Collette, B. (2009). Measuring How Political Parties Keep Their Promises: A Positive Perspective from Political Pcience. In: Do They Walk Like They Talk? Springer: 65-80.
  • Rabin, M. (1993). Incorporating Fairness into Game Theory and Economics. American Economic Review: 1281-1302.
  • Toros, E. (2015). Negative Campaigning in Turkish Elections. Turkish Studies 16(4): 487-509.
  • Tyran, J.-R. ve Sausgruber, R. (2006). A Little Fairness may Induce a lot of Redistribution in Democracy. European Economic Review, 50(2): 469-485.
  • Walkowitz, G. ve Weiss, A. R. (2017). “Read my Lips! (But only if I was Elected)!” Experimental Evidence on the Effects of Electoral Competition on Promises, Shirking and Trust. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 142: 348–367.

IMPACT OF INCOME DISTRIBUTION ON POLICY PLEDGES: AN EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS ON DECISIONS OF DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME

Year 2018, , 162 - 173, 15.10.2018
https://doi.org/10.24954/JORE.2018.21

Abstract

Mechanisms that shape decisions of individuals while making distribution decisions that affect others are at the intersection of economics, politics and psychology and form the basis of many theories. Policy promises made and the ways in which these promises were kept have been examined form different perspectives in each of the three areas. In this study, we aim to examine the preference in making and keeping promises in a political competition setup. Participants in the voting game that we have designed are either voters or politicians. Politician participants compete by making policy promises at the elections on the distribution of income for voters, over the budget given to them. Voters with heterogeneous initial revenues vote by referring to the income distribution proposals of each politician for different income groups. As a result of the election, the elected politician is asked to decide on his/her actual distribution of income for voters. There are two main questions that we aim to answer with this experiment: How do the participants in the role of politician shape their strategy of promises? And do the winning politicians keep their promises? Our results indicate that individuals shape promises to win elections, but promises of a high-income group are kept less than promises given to low and middle-income groups.

References

  • Abrams, B. A., ve Settle, R. F. (2004). Campaign-finance Reform: A Public Choice Perspective. Public Choice, 120(3-4): 379-400.
  • Austen-Smith, D., ve Banks, J. (1989). Electoral Accountability and Incumbency. In P. Ordeshook (Ed.), Models of Strategic Choice in Politics Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
  • Blais, A. (2000). To Vote or not to Vote?: The Merits and Limits of Rational Choice Theory. University of Pittsburgh Pre.
  • Battigalli, P., ve Dufwenberg, M. (2007). Guilt in Games. American Economic Review, 97(2):170-176.
  • Bolton, G. E. ve Ockenfels, A. (2000). ERC: A Theory of Equity, Reciprocity, and Competition. American Economic Review, 90:166-193.
  • Born, A., van Eck, P. ve Johannesson, M. (2017). An Experimental Investigation of Election Promises. Political Psychology, 39(3): 685-705.
  • Charness, G. ve Dufwenberg, M. (2006). Promises and Partnership. Econometrica, 74(6): 1579-1601.
  • Charness, G. ve Rabin, M. (2002). Understanding Social Preferences with Simple Tests. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117(3): 817-869.
  • Corazzini, L., Kube, S., Maréchal, M.A. ve Nicolò, A. (2014). Elections and Deceptions: an Experimental Study on the Behavioral Effects of Democracy. American Journal of Political Science, 58(3): 579-592.
  • Downs, A. (1957). An Economic Theory of Political Action in a Democracy. Journal of Political Economy, 65(2): 135-150.
  • Ellingsen, T., Johannesson, M., Tjøtta, S. ve Torsvik, G. (2007). Testing Guilt Aversion. Tech. rep. SSE/EFI Working Paper Series in Economics ve Finance.
  • Falk, A. ve Fischbacher U. (2006). A Theory of Reciprocity. Games and Economic Behavior, 54(2): 293-315.
  • Fehr, E. ve Schmidt, K. M. (1999). A Theory of Fairness, Competition, and Cooperation. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114(3): 817-868.
  • Fischbacher, U. (2007). z-Tree: Zurich Toolbox for Ready-Made Economic Experiments. Experimental Economics, 10(2): 171-178.
  • Hao, L. ve Houser, D. (2010). Honest Lies. Interdisciplinary Center for Economic Science and Department of Economics, George Mason University, 4400 University Dr, MSN 1B2, Fairfax, VA 22030.
  • Hurkens, S. ve Kartik, N. (2006). “(When) Would I Lie to You? Comment on Deception: The Role of Consequences”. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=907109.
  • Imbeau, L. M. (2009). Testing the “Veil of Ignorance” Hypothesis in Constitutional Choice: a “Walk-Talk” Approach. Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice, 26(1): 3-21.
  • Moury, C. (2011). Italian Coalitions and Electoral Promises: Assessing the Democratic Performance of the Prodi I and Berlusconi II Governments. Modern Italy, 16(1): 35–50.
  • Mueller, D. C. (2004). Public Choice: an Introduction. The Encyclopedia of Public Choice, Springer: 32–48.
  • Pétry, F. ve Collette, B. (2009). Measuring How Political Parties Keep Their Promises: A Positive Perspective from Political Pcience. In: Do They Walk Like They Talk? Springer: 65-80.
  • Rabin, M. (1993). Incorporating Fairness into Game Theory and Economics. American Economic Review: 1281-1302.
  • Toros, E. (2015). Negative Campaigning in Turkish Elections. Turkish Studies 16(4): 487-509.
  • Tyran, J.-R. ve Sausgruber, R. (2006). A Little Fairness may Induce a lot of Redistribution in Democracy. European Economic Review, 50(2): 469-485.
  • Walkowitz, G. ve Weiss, A. R. (2017). “Read my Lips! (But only if I was Elected)!” Experimental Evidence on the Effects of Electoral Competition on Promises, Shirking and Trust. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 142: 348–367.
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Fehime Ceren Ay This is me

Bilge Öztürk Göktuna This is me

Publication Date October 15, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018

Cite

APA Ay, F. C., & Öztürk Göktuna, B. (2018). GELİR GRUBU DAĞILIMLARININ POLİTİK VAATLERE ETKİSİ: GELİR DAĞITIM KARARLARI ÜZERİNE DENEYSEL BİR ANALİZ. Journal of Research in Economics, 2(2), 162-173. https://doi.org/10.24954/JORE.2018.21