Tıp fakültesinde okuyan ve okumayan üniversite öğrencilerinde sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları ile umutsuzluk arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi

Year 2021, , 578 - 582, 01.06.2021

Pelin Özgür Polat , Mustafa Çelik

https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.784335

Abstract

Amaç: Üniversite öğrencilerinde sağlıklı yaşam biçimi alışkanlıklarıyla ilişkili faktörlerin incelenmesi, uzun vadede bulaşıcı olmayan hastalıkların önlenmesi için sağlık davranışlarını teşvik etmek açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı üniversite öğrencilerinde umutsuzluğun sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarıyla ilişkisini incelemektir. Ayrıca tıp fakültesinde okuyan öğrencilerin sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları diğer bölümlerdeki öğrencilerle karşılaştırılmıştır.
Yöntemler: Kesitsel çalışmaya Tıp ve Fen-Edebiyat fakültelerinde okuyan toplam 435 öğrenci katılmıştır. Veriler Demografik Bilgi Formu, Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışları Ölçeği-II (SYBD) ve Beck Umutsuzluk Ölçeği (BUÖ) aracılığıyla toplanmış ve SPSS 22 istatistiksel analiz programı ile analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: BUÖ’den elde edilen puanlar ile SYBD toplam puanı (r=-0.39) ve sağlık sorumluluğu (r=-0.22), fiziksel aktivite (r=-0.18), beslenme (r=-0.17), manevi gelişim (r=-0.53), kişilerarası ilişkiler (r=-0.30) ve stres yönetimi (r=-0.25) puanları arasında anlamlı negatif korelasyon bulunmuştur (tamamında P<0.001). Ayrıca Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi öğrencilerine kıyasla Tıp Fakültesi öğrencileri anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek fiziksel aktivite (95% CI [0.64, 2.50], t(406.03)=3.33, P<0.001) ve daha düşük kişilerarası ilişkiler (95% CI [-1.73, -0.10], t(429.74)=-2.22, P=0.027) alt ölçek puanlarına sahip bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Bireylerin gelecekteki davranışlarına ilişkin olumsuz beklentileri, uzun vadede sağlığı geliştirebilecek davranışlarının gösterilmemesiyle ilişkili bulunmuştur. Ayrıca tıp öğrencilerinin sosyal ilişkilerin geliştirilmesi açısından desteklenmesi gerekmektedir.

Keywords

Umutsuzluk, Sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları, Üniversite öğrencileri

Investigating the relationship between health-promoting lifestyle behaviors and hopelessness among medical and non-medical students

Abstract

Background/Aim: Investigating the correlates of healthy lifestyle habits is essential to promote healthy behaviors in university students to be able to prevent developing non-communicable diseases in the long-term. The primary aim of this research was to investigate whether hopelessness is associated with health-promoting lifestyle behaviors among university students. Also, healthy lifestyle habits of medical students were compared with those of students from different fields of study.
Methods: Four hundred and thirty-five undergraduate students from the Faculties of Medicine and Science and Literature participated in a paper-based cross-sectional study. The data were collected with the demographic information sheet, Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP II), and Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), and analyzed using SPSS 22 statistics software.
Results: There were significant negative correlations between BHS scores and HPLP II total (r=-0.39) and all subscale scores, including health responsibility (r=-0.22), physical activity (r=-0.18), nutrition (r=-0.17), spiritual growth (r=-0.53), interpersonal relations (r=-0.30), and stress management (r=-0.25; P<0.001 for all). In addition, medical students had higher physical activity (95% CI [0.64, 2.50], t(406.03)=3.33, P<0.001) and lower interpersonal relations (95% CI [-1.73, -0.10], t(429.74)=-2.22, P=0.027) scores than their non-medical counterparts.
Conclusion: This study investigating the relationship between hopelessness and health-promoting lifestyle behaviors among medical and non-medical students revealed that negative expectations about the possible consequences of potential behaviors are associated with retention of activities that can improve health in the long-term. Considering their reported weakness in interpersonal relationships, medical education should provide support to the students in improving their social support network to enhance their health and well-being.

Keywords

Hopelessness, Healthy lifestyle behaviours, University students

References

• 1. Ertop NG, Yılmaz A, Erdem Y. Üniversite öğrencilerinin sağlıklı yaşam biçimleri. Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2012;14(2):1-7.
• 2. Sonmezer H, Cetinkaya F, Nacar M. Healthy life-style promoting behaviour in Turkish women aged 18-64. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13(4):1241-5.
• 3. Wei CN, Harada K, Ueda K, Fukumoto K, Minamoto K, Ueda A. Assessment of health-promoting lifestyle profile in Japanese university students. Environ Health Prev Med. 2012;17(3):222-7. Epub 2011/10/12. doi: 10.1007/s12199-011-0244-8. PubMed PMID: 21987366; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3348247.
• 4. Bauman AE, Reis RS, Sallis JF, Wells JC, Loos RJ, Martin BW, et al. Correlates of physical activity: why are some people physically active and others not? The lancet. 2012;380(9838):258-71.
• 5. Kotter T, Tautphaus Y, Obst KU, Voltmer E, Scherer M. Health-promoting factors in the freshman year of medical school: a longitudinal study. Med Educ. 2016;50(6):646-56. Epub 2016/05/14. doi: 10.1111/medu.12987. PubMed PMID: 27170083.
• 6. Sajwani RA, Shoukat S, Raza R, Shiekh MM, Rashid Q, Siddique MS, et al. Knowledge and practice of healthy lifestyle and dietary habits in medical and non-medical students of Karachi, Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc. 2009;59(9):650-5. Epub 2009/09/16. PubMed PMID: 19750870.
• 7. Kanikowska D, Sikorska D, Kuczynska B, Grzymislawski M, Breborowicz A, Witowski J. Do medical students adhere to advice regarding a healthy lifestyle? A pilot study of BMI and some aspects of lifestyle in medical students in Poland. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2017;26(9):1391-8. Epub 2018/02/15. doi: 10.17219/acem/65783. PubMed PMID: 29442460.
• 8. Nacar M, Baykan Z, Cetinkaya F, Arslantas D, Ozer A, Coskun O, et al. Health promoting lifestyle behaviour in medical students: a multicentre study from Turkey. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2014;15(20):8969-74. Epub 2014/11/07. doi: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.20.8969. PubMed PMID: 25374238.
• 9. Can G, Ozdilli K, Erol O, Unsar S, Tulek Z, Savaser S, et al. Comparison of the health-promoting lifestyles of nursing and non-nursing students in Istanbul, Turkey. Nurs Health Sci. 2008;10(4):273-80. Epub 2009/01/09. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2018.2008.00405.x. PubMed PMID: 19128303.
• 10. Feldman DB, Sills JR. Hope and cardiovascular health-promoting behaviour: education alone is not enough. Psychol Health. 2013;28(7):727-45. Epub 2013/01/08. doi: 10.1080/08870446.2012.754025. PubMed PMID: 23289597.
• 11. Yüksel H. Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Sağlığı Geliştirici Yaşam Biçimi Davranışlarına Etki Eden Sosyal Faktörler. Dumlupinar University Journal of Social Science/Dumlupinar Üniversitesi Soysyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2012(34).
• 12. Salovey P, Rothman AJ, Detweiler JB, Steward WT. Emotional states and physical health. American psychologist. 2000;55(1):110.
• 13. Irving LM, Seidner AL, Burling TA, Pagliarini R, Robbins-Sisco D. Hope and recovery from substance dependence in homeless veterans. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. 1998;17(4):389-406.
• 14. Snyder CR, Harris C, Anderson JR, Holleran SA, Irving LM, Sigmon ST, et al. The will and the ways: development and validation of an individual-differences measure of hope. Journal of personality and social psychology. 1991;60(4):570.
• 15. Valtonen M, Laaksonen DE, Laukkanen J, Tolmunen T, Rauramaa R, Viinamäki H, et al. Leisure-time physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and feelings of hopelessness in men. BMC Public Health. 2009;9:204. Epub 2009/06/27. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-9-204. PubMed PMID: 19555509; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC2717082.
• 16. Mathews L, Ogunmoroti O, Nasir K, Blumenthal RS, Utuama OA, Rouseff M, et al. Psychological Factors and Their Association with Ideal Cardiovascular Health Among Women and Men. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2018;27(5):709-15. Epub 2018/01/30. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2017.6563. PubMed PMID: 29377738; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5962331.
• 17. Joyner J, Moore AR, Mount DL, Simmons DR, Ferrario CM, Cline DM. Emergency department patients self-report higher patient inertia, hopelessness, and harmful lifestyle choices than community counterparts. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012;14(12):828-35. Epub 2012/12/05. doi: 10.1111/jch.12001. PubMed PMID: 23205749.
• 18. Walker SN, Sechrist KR, Pender NJ. The Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile development and psychometric characteristics. Nursing Research. 1987;36(2):76-80.
• 19. Bahar Z, Beşer A, Gördes N, Ersin F, Kissal A. Sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları ölçeği II'nin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi.12(1):1-13.
• 20. Beck AT, Weissman A, Lester D, Trexler L. The measurement of pessimism: the hopelessness scale. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 1974;42(6):861.
• 21. Durak A, Palabıyıkoğlu R. Beck umutsuzluk ölçeği geçerlilik çalışması. Kriz Dergisi. 1994;2(2):311-9.
• 22. Sedgwick P. Convenience sampling. BMJ. 2013;347:f6304.
• 23. Bruininks P, Malle BF. Distinguishing Hope from Optimism and Related Affective States. Motivation and Emotion. 2005;29(4):324-52. doi: 10.1007/s11031-006-9010-4.
• 24. Heisel MJ, Flett GL, Hewitt PL. Social hopelessness and college student suicide ideation. Archives of Suicide Research. 2003;7(3):221-35.
• 25. Naim Z, Anwar K, Rahman A, Zuliani N. Physical Inactivity Among Medical and Non-medical students: A cross sectional study. International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences. 2016;3(5):48-58.
• 26. Yiu V. Supporting the well-being of medical students. CMAJ. 2005;172(7):889-90. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.050126. PubMed PMID: 15795410.
• 27. Alzahrani SH, Malik AA, Bashawri J, Shaheen SA, Shaheen MM, Alsaib AA, et al. Health-promoting lifestyle profile and associated factors among medical students in a Saudi university. SAGE Open Med. 2019;7:2050312119838426. Epub 2019/04/03. doi: 10.1177/2050312119838426. PubMed PMID: 30937167; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6434441.
• 28. El Ansari W, Stock C, John J, Deeny P, Phillips C, Snelgrove S, et al. Health promoting behaviours and lifestyle characteristics of students at seven universities in the UK. Central European journal of public health. 2011;19(4):197-204.
• 29. Trost SG, Owen N, Bauman AE, Sallis JF, Brown W. Correlates of adults’ participation in physical activity: review and update. Medicine & science in sports & exercise. 2002;34(12):1996-2001.
• 30. Howell JL, Sweeny K. Health behavior during periods of stressful uncertainty: associations with emotions, cognitions, and expectation management. Psychol Health. 2020:1-21. Epub 2020/01/28. doi: 10.1080/08870446.2020.1713323. PubMed PMID: 31983235.